It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrotreater (Discuss)

Oil desulfurization is a widely used process for removing sulfur from petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, etc.) so that sulfur dioxide emissions are reduced from automobiles, trucks and other internal combustion engines and oil-burning power plants. Typically, those petroleum products are desulfurized in oil refineries using a process, referred to as Hydrodesulfurization (HDS).^[1][2] HDS involves the chemical reaction of hydrogen with petroleum products in the presence of a catalyst at high temperature, resulting in the removal of sulfur in the form of hydrogen sulfide gas which is subsequently recovered in an amine treater and then converted into elemental sulfur in a Claus process unit. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Hydrodesulfurization is one means of lowering the sulfur content of liquids from oil/coal. ... A hydrotreater is a common process unit in an oil refinery that is used to treat products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and intermediates such as gasoil. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sulfur, S, 16 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 3, p Appearance lemon yellow Atomic mass 32. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... Gasoline, also called petrol, is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (1858-1913), inventor of the Diesel engine. ... Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. ... Sulfur dioxide (or Sulphur dioxide) has the chemical formula SO2. ... The word emission generally means sending something out. ... Natural olive oil Synthetic motor oil Oil, in a general sense, is a chemical compound that is not miscible with water, and is in a liquid state at ambient temperatures. ... A power station (also power plant) is a facility for the generation of electric power. ... View of Shell Oil Refinery in Martinez, California. ... Hydrodesulfurization is one means of lowering the sulfur content of liquids from oil/coal. ... A chemical reaction occurs when vapours of hydrogen chloride and ammonia meet to form a cloud of a new substance, ammonium chloride Chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical substances [1]. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Catalysis. ... [[Image:Translational motion. ... Flash point -82. ... A gas is one of the four major phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma, that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ... Amine gas treating is a means to remove organosulfur and other undesirable compounds from acid gas by contacting the gas with amine. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

The effectiveness of HDS is determined by the type of catalyst employed and by the severity of the operating conditions. HDS typically uses a catalyst containing transition metals such as cobalt and molybdenum. The desired amount of sulfur reduction is attained by controlling the severity of the reactor conditions, notably, temperature, hydrogen pressure, and residence time. In general, the better the catalyst and the more severe the conditions the more desulfurization occurs in a given time period. In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc, cadmium and mercury. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... General Name, Symbol, Number molybdenum, Mo, 42 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 5, d Appearance gray metallic Atomic mass 95. ... Chemical reactors are vessels that are designed for a chemical reaction to occur inside of them. ... The use of water pressure - the Captain Cook Memorial Jet in Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra. ...

An alternative to conventional HDS has been developed using the enzymes of microorganisms as the catalysts for sulfur removal, referred to as biological desulfurization or BDS. Interestingly, dibenzothiophene sulfur compounds are typically the most susceptible to BDS, yet, in contrast, are the most resistant to HDS. The removal of sulfur from these molecules can add significantly to refinery costs for the production of the low sulfur fuels mandated by current and pending EPA regulations. Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ... A cluster of Escherichia coli bacteria magnified 10,000 times. ... EPA redirects here. ...

The BDS process has not yet been commercially practiced largely to due to process cost issues arising from low catalytic rate and longevity. Research in this area continues in various locations around the world.

See also

• Amine gas treating
• Claus process
• Hydrotreater
• Hydrodesulfurization
• Hydrogenation

Amine gas treating is a means to remove organosulfur and other undesirable compounds from acid gas by contacting the gas with amine. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A hydrotreater is a common process unit in an oil refinery that is used to treat products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and intermediates such as gasoil. ... Hydrodesulfurization is one means of lowering the sulfur content of liquids from oil/coal. ... Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which unsaturated bonds between carbon atoms are reduced by attachment of a hydrogen atom to each carbon. ...

References

1. ^ Gary, J.H. and Handwerk, G.E. (1984). Petroleum Refining Rechnology and Economics, 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc.. 0824771508.
2. ^ Hydrodesulfurization Technologies and Costs Nancy Yamaguchi, Trans Energy Associates, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Sulfur Workshop, Mexico City, May 29-30, 2003