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ESP- Earth System Physics at ICTP (442 words) |
 | These studies are related to the effects of the ionosphere on radiocommunication and satellite navigation and positioning systems. |
 | The ARPL has also provided training activities and technical support particularly for the use of radiocommunications for local area computer networking for academic and research institutions in collaboration with the ICTP Science Dissemination Unit. |
 | The second line is structure of the earth with application to seismic risk mitigation including: physical instability of megacities (PIOM), deterministic seismic hazard assessment, 3D mapping work of the ILP task group. |
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mathematics: Definition and Much More from Answers.com (6507 words) |
 | The greatest mathematical advances of the 17th cent., however, were the invention of analytic geometry by René Descartes and that of the calculus by Isaac Newton and, independently, by G. Leibniz. |
 | Experimental mathematics continues to grow in importance within mathematics, and computation and simulation are playing an increasing role in both the sciences and mathematics, weakening the objection that mathematics does not use the scientific method. |
 | Mathematical logic is concerned with setting mathematics on a rigid axiomatic framework, and studying the results of such a framework. |