NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Detroit Red

Malcolm X (May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965 – also: Malcolm Little, Detroit Red, El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, and Omowale) was a spokesman for the Nation of Islam, and a founder of both the Muslim Mosque, Inc., and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. He was assassinated in February 1965 on the first day of National Brotherhood Week. During his life, Malcolm evolved from being a street-wise hoodlum to one of the most prominent militant black nationalist leaders born in the United States, ultimately rising to become a world renowned Pan-Africanist. Malcolm X. Found at http://lcweb. ... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... Events January-May January 3 - Benito Mussolini announces he is taking dictatorial powers over Italy. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Malik is a word that often means King in Arabic and other languages that have taken words from it. ... Shabazz a name used by El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (aka Malcolm X) based on the teachings of Elijah Muhammad. ... The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a religious and political organization founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930 with a declared aim of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social and economic condition of the Black man and woman of America and the world. ... Muslim Mosque, Inc. ... The Organization of Afro-American Unity was formed by Malcolm X on June 28, 1964. ... Jack Ruby murdered the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, in a very public manner. ... February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... The word militant can refer to any individual engaged in warfare, a fight, combat, or generally serving as a soldier. ... Black nationalism is a political and social movement prominent in the 1960s and early 70s among African Americans in the United States. ... Pan-Africanism is a term which can have two separate, but related meanings. ...

He explained the name he chose by saying “To take one’s ‘X’ is to take on a certain mystery, a certain possibility of power in the eyes of one’s peers and one’s enemies ... The ‘X’ announced what you had been and what you had become: Ex-smoker, Ex-drinker, Ex-Christian, Ex-slave.”

Early years

He was born as Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska to Earl Little and the former Louise Norton. His father, an outspoken Baptist lay preacher and supporter of Marcus Garvey, was murdered by the Black Legion, a white supremacist group in Lansing, Michigan in 1931. Malcolm and his family members were split up to different homes when Louise Little was declared legally insane. Eight years later in 1939 she was formally committed to the State Mental Hospital at Kalamazoo, Michigan and remained there for twenty-six years until Malcolm and his brothers and sisters got her released. Mayor Mike Fahey County Douglas County, Nebraska Area - Total - Water 1,290. ... Baptist churches are part of a Christian movement often regarded as an Evangelical, Protestant denomination. ... Marcus Garvey (far right) in parade Marcus Mosiah Garvey (August 17, 1887 – June 10, 1940) was a publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, crusader for black nationalism and founder of the UNIA-ACL. Although he was born in Jamaica, Garvey is best remembered as a champion of the so-called back-to-Africa... Black Legion This cult-type organization operated in the midwest in the 1930s supposedly to protect the country from various forms of isms. Members wore black costumes with skull and crossbones insignia and were allegedly responsible for numerous murders. ... Capitol Building Lansing is the capital city of the U.S. state of Michigan, located mostly in Ingham County; a small portion extends into adjacent Eaton County. ... 1931 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Kalamazoo is a city located in Kalamazoo County in southwest Michigan. ...

Malcolm later dropped out of high school and after enduring a series of foster homes, was first sent to a detention center and then later moved to Boston to live with his older half-sister, Ella Little Collins. He found work as a shoeshiner at a Lindy Hop nightclub; in his autobiography, he says that he once shined the shoes of Duke Ellington and other notable black musicians. After some time, he moved to Harlem, New York, where he became involved in drug dealing, gambling, prostitution, racketeering, and robbery (referred to collectively by Malcolm as "hustling"); he also feigned insanity in order to evade the World War II draft. Japanese high school students in uniform High school, or Secondary school, is the last segment of compulsory education in Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and the United States. ... Boston is the capital of and the largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. ... Lindy Hop is a street dance that evolved in Harlem, Manhattan, New York in the late 1920s through the early 1940s, that emerged with swing jazz. ... A nightclub (often dance club or club, particularly in the UK) is an entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark. ... For music albums named Autobiography, see Greek eauton = self, bios = life and graphein = write) is a form of biography, the writing of a life story. ... Edward Kennedy Duke Ellington (Born: April 29, 1899 in Washington, DC – Died: May 24, 1974 in New York City) was an American jazz composer, pianist and bandleader. ... A musician is a person who plays or composes music. ... This article is about the Harlem neighborhood in New York City. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th) - Land 122,409 km² - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Retail selling Street selling is the bottom of the chain and can be accomplished through purchasing from prostitutes, through cloaked retail stores or refuse houses for users in the act located in red-light districts which often also deal in paraphernalia, dealers marketing merriment at night clubs and other events... Gambling (or betting) is any behavior involving risking money or valuables (making a wager or placing a stake) on the outcome of a game, contest, or other event in which the outcome of that activity depends partially or totally upon chance or upon ones ability to do something. ... Prostitution is the sale of sexual services (examples: oral sex, sexual intercourse) for money. ... Organized crime is crime carried out systematically by formal criminal organizations. ... Insanity (sometimes, madness) is a semi-permanent severe disorder of the mind, typically as a result of mental illness. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Conscription is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority, e. ...

Prison

Malcolm became a small time hustler and was known on the street as 'Detroit Red'. He was arrested on January 12, 1946 at the age of 20 and sentenced to eight to ten years imprisonment on charges of breaking and entering, carrying firearms, and larceny. He later earned the nickname Satan in the Charlestown State Prison for his constant cursing, especially of God and the Bible. January 12 is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... A prison is a place in which people are confined and deprived of a range of liberties. ... A firearm is a kinetic energy weapon that fires either a single or multiple projectiles propelled at high velocity by the gases produced by action of the rapid confined burning of a propellant. ... Larceny is a crime involving stealing. ... Gustave Dores depiction of Satan from John Miltons Paradise Lost Satan (שָׂטָן Standard Hebrew Satan, Tiberian Hebrew Śāṭān; Aramaic שִׂטְנָא Śiṭnâ: both words mean Adversary; accuser) is an angel, demon, or minor god in many religions. ... The term God is ordinarily used to designate a singular, universal Supreme Being. ... The Bible (From Greek (τα) βιβλια, (ta) biblia, (the) books, plural of βιβλιον, biblion, book, originally a diminutive of βιβλος, biblos, which in turn is derived from βυβλος—byblos, meaning papyrus, from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported this writing material), is a word applied to sacred scriptures. ...

While in jail in 1948, he received letters from his brother Reginald, asking him to join the Nation of Islam. The NOI defines itself as a militant Islamic sect that preached that most African people were Muslims before they were captured and sent to the Americas. They argued that Blacks should reconvert to Islam to reclaim their heritage that was stolen from them. The fact that most slaves were taken from West Africa (many muslims and animists) rather than East Africa (largely muslim and christian) was ignored. The NOI considered itself to be a black nationalist group which supported the idea of a separate Black nation within the United States. Malcolm studied the teachings of founder and leader of the Nation of Islam Elijah Muhammad diligently and began to expand his intellect. His sister Ella helped to transfer him to the lower-security prison colony in Norfolk, Massachusetts where he became an avid reader and found justification for the teachings of Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam in history and philosophy. He participated in the Colony's weekly debates. He copied an entire dictionary from the Colony's library to expand his knowledge and to improve his handwriting. The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a religious and political organization founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930 with a declared aim of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social and economic condition of the Black man and woman of America and the world. ... Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام, listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Black nationalism is a political and social movement prominent in the 1960s and early 70s among African Americans in the United States. ... Elijah Muhammad Elijah Muhammad (October 7, 1897–February 25, 1975) led the largely Black American spiritual and political organization, the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975. ... A penal colony is a colony used to house prisoners. ... Norfolk is a town located in Norfolk County, Massachusetts. ... The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a religious and political organization founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930 with a declared aim of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social and economic condition of the Black man and woman of America and the world. ... History is a term for information about the past. ... Philosophy (from a combination of the Greek words philos meaning love and sophia meaning wisdom), as a practice, aims at some kind of understanding, knowledge or wisdom about fundamental matters such as reality, knowledge, meaning, value, being and truth. ... Categories: Dictionaries | Lists | Technical communication tools ... Modern-style library itories and/or access points for maps, prints or other artwork, microfilm, microfiche, audio tapes, CDs, LPs, video tapes and DVDs, and provide public facilities to access CD-ROM databases and the Internet. ...

His first contact with Elijah Muhammad was in prison, where he corresponded with Muhammad by mail. As he progressed in his self-education, he began to write to the leader daily.

After his release on parole on August 7, 1952, he bought a suitcase, eyeglasses, and a watch, later saying that these were the items he used most in his later life. August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 1952 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...

Malcolm X holding M1 Carbine File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Malcolm X holding M1 Carbine File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A carbine is a firearm, similar to, but shorter or weaker than an ordinary rifle or musket of a given period. ...

Nation of Islam

In 1952, after his release from prison, Malcolm went to meet Elijah Muhammad in Chicago. It is here that he received the iconic X, meant to symbolize the rejection of his slave-name and the absence of a proper African American Muslim name. The "X" is also both a reference to the name given to the slaves by the Anglo-European slave owners to slaves, unwilling and un-wanting to learn their African names; and is also the brand that many slaves received on their upper arm. Elijah Muhammad Elijah Muhammad (October 7, 1897–February 25, 1975) led the largely Black American spiritual and political organization, the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ...

In March of 1953 the FBI opened a file on Malcolm in response to an allegation that he had described himself as a Communist. Included in the file were two letters wherein Malcolm uses the alias "Malachi Shabazz". In "Message To The Black Man In America", Elijah Muhammad explained the name Shabazz as belonging to descendants of an "Asian Black nation". 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Shabazz a name used by El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (aka Malcolm X) based on the teachings of Elijah Muhammad. ...

Later that year, Malcolm left his half-sister Ella in Boston to stay with Elijah Muhammad in Chicago. He soon returned to Boston and became the Minister of the Nation of Islam's Temple Number Eleven. Alternative meanings: Boston (disambiguation) The 18th-century Old State House in Boston is surrounded by tall buildings of the 19th and 20th centuries. ... Chicago (officially named the City of Chicago) is the third largest city in the United States (after New York City and Los Angeles), with an official population of 2,896,016, as of the 2000 census. ...

His active membership in the Nation led to him opening several temples around the country, of which he often became Minister. His rousing, incendiary and inspirational speeches and spotless personal example led to the ranks of the Nation of Islam burgeoning. He was soon seen as the number two man in the movement, next to Elijah Muhammad himself.

In 1958 Malcolm married Betty X (née Sanders) in Lansing, Michigan. They had six daughters together: Attilah, born in 1958; Qubilah born in 1960; Ilyasah born in 1962; Gumilah born in 1964 and twins Malaak and Malikah born after Malcolm's death in 1965. Categories: People stubs | 1936 births | 1997 deaths | African Americans ... Capitol Building Lansing is the capital city of the U.S. state of Michigan, located mostly in Ingham County; a small portion extends into adjacent Eaton County. ... Qubilah Shabazz is the daughter of Malcolm X. She was arrested for the attempted murder of Louis Farrakhan, the leader of the Nation of Islam. ...

As Malcolm worked tirelessly for the Nation of Islam, he was increasingly exposed to rumours of Elijah Muhammad's extra-marital affairs with young secretaries. Adultery is severely shunned in the teachings of the Nation. Although this news unsettled Malcolm, he often brushed it aside. But soon he investigated these allegations and saw that they were true, and they were eventually affirmed by Elijah Muhammad himself, who claimed that it was legitimate for him take on wives as he was the messenger of God. (It should be noted that polygamy is not a transgression in the mainstream Islamic religion. Elijah Muhammad, however, was not married to any of the women with whom he had affairs.) Despite being unsatisfied with the excuses, and being disenchanted by other ministers using Nation of Islam funds to line their own pockets, Malcolm's faith in Elijah Muhammad did not waver. Polygamy, literally many marriages in ancient Greek, is a marital practice in which a person has more than one spouse simultaneously (as opposed to monogamy where each person has a maximum of one spouse at any one time). ...

By 1963, tension in the Nation of Islam grew to a boiling point. Malcolm believed that Elijah Muhammad was jealous of his popularity (as were several senior ministers). Malcolm watched the March on Washington critically, unable to understand why black people were excited over a demonstration "run by whites in front of a statue of a president who has been dead for a hundred years and who didn't like us when he was alive." Later in the year, following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Malcolm delivered a speech as he regularly would. However, when asked to comment upon the assassination, he replied that it was a case of "chickens coming home to roost" – that the violence that JFK had failed to stop, and at times refused to rein in had come around to claim his life. Most explosively, he then added that with his country origins, "Chickens coming home to roost never made me sad. It only made me glad." This comment led to widespread public outcry and led to the Nation of Islam publicly censuring Malcolm X. Although retaining his post and rank as minister, he was banned from public speaking for ninety days, effectively a suspension order. Malcolm obeyed and kept quiet. Events January-February January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. ... Demonstrator at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was a political rally that took place on August 28, 1963. ... Order: 35th President Vice President: Lyndon B. Johnson Term of office: January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 Preceded by: Dwight D. Eisenhower Succeeded by: Lyndon B. Johnson Date of birth: May 29, 1917 Place of birth: Brookline, Massachusetts Date of death: November 22, 1963 Place of death: Dallas, Texas First...

In 1964, Malcolm started collaborating on the Autobiography of Malcolm X with Alex Haley. He also publicly announced his break from the Nation of Islam, and founded the Muslim Mosque, Inc. At this point, Malcolm still adhered to the teachings of the Nation of Islam. In April, he made the famous Ballot or the Bullet speech. 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Categories: Literature stubs | 1972 books | Books starting with A | Autobiographies ... Alex Haley Alexander Palmer Haley ( August 11, 1921 - February 10, 1992) was an African American writer who was the Chief Journalist for the United States Coast Guard before retiring to become a senior editor for Readers Digest. ... Muslim Mosque, Inc. ...

Malcolm was in contact with several orthodox Muslims, who encouraged him to learn about orthodox Islam. He soon converted to orthodox Islam, and as a result decided to make his Hajj. Islam (Arabic al-islām الإسلام, listen) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Islam (Arabic al-islām الإسلام, listen) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... The Hajj or Haj is the Pilgrimage to Mecca (or, Makkah) and is the fifth of the Five Pillars of Islam. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so is obliged to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. ...

As a part of the Nation of Islam, he met and befriended many Islamic people and eventually started "Group X."

Hajj

On April 13, 1964 Malcolm departed JFK Airport, New York for Cairo, Egypt by way of Frankfurt, Germany. It was the third time Malcolm had been to Africa. April 13 is the 103rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (104th in leap years). ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA Airport Code: JFK, ICAO Airport Code: KJFK) is the main international airport in New York City, and is one of the largest airports in the world. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th) - Land 122,409 km² - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Frankfurt am Main [ˈfraŋkfʊrt] is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth largest city of Germany. ... World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ...

Malcolm left Cairo arriving in Jedda, Saudi Arabia about three in the morning. He was automatically suspect due to his inability to speak Arabic and American passport. He was separated from the group he came with and was isolated. He spent about twenty hours wearing the ihram, a two-piece towel outfit wrapping the wearer from the waist down with one towel and from the waist upward with the other. Jeddah (also Jedda, Jiddah, or Juddah) is a city in in western Saudi Arabia, on the Red Sea. ... Ihram clothing includes mens and women’s garments worn by Muslim pilgrims during the annual Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca. ...

It was at this time he remembered the book Dr. Mahmoud Yousseff Sharwabi had presented to him with his visa approval entitled "The Eternal Message of Muhammad" by Abd Al-Rahman Azzam. He called Azzam's son who arranged for his release. At the younger Azzam's home he met Azzam Pasha who gave Malcolm his suite at the Jedda Palace Hotel. The next morning Muhammad Faisal, the son of Prince Faisal visited and informed him that he was to be a state guest. The Deputy Chief of Protocol accompanied Malcolm to the Hajj Court. It therefore was a mere formality for Sheikh Muhammad Harkon to allow Malcolm to make his Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). On April 19 he completed the Umrah, making the seven circuits around the Kaaba, drinking from the well of Zamzam and running between the hills of Mt. Al-Safa and Al-Marwah seven times. The trip proved to be life-altering. The fellowship he observed between Muslims of all races taught him what his experiences in America convinced him was impossible. He had come to see Islam as the one religion that erases the race problem. Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzem (1893 - 1976) was an Egyptian diplomat. ... King Faisal Faisal bin Abdul Aziz (1906—March 25, 1975) was King of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975. ... The Hajj or Haj is the Pilgrimage to Mecca (or, Makkah) and is the fifth of the Five Pillars of Islam. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so is obliged to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. ... Mecca or Makkah (in full: Makkah al-Mukkaramah; Arabic مكة المكرمة) is revered as the holiest site of Islam, and a pilgrimage to it is required of all Muslims who can afford to go. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... The Hajj or Haj is the Pilgrimage to Mecca (or, Makkah) and is the fifth of the Five Pillars of Islam. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so is obliged to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. ... The Kaaba or Kaaba, in the mosque known as Masjid al Haram in Mecca (Makkah), is the holiest place in Islam. ... Drinking the water from Zamzam spring. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

At the end of June he returned to the United States as an orthodox Muslim (and with a new name – El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz). Along with A. Peter Bailey and others, he then founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Patterned after the Organization of African Unity, the OAAU resolved to establish a non-religious and non-sectarian program for Human Rights. The OAAU included all people of African ancestry in the Western Hemisphere, as well as those on the African continent. A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Hajji or Al-Hajj (pilgrim) is an honorific title given to a person who has successfully completed the Hajj, and is often used to refer to an elder. ... The Organization of Afro-American Unity was formed by Malcolm X on June 28, 1964. ... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... The Organization of Afro-American Unity was formed by Malcolm X on June 28, 1964. ... The Organization of Afro-American Unity was formed by Malcolm X on June 28, 1964. ...

Africa

Among the little known and least mentioned facts about the life of Malcolm X are his excursions in Africa. In all, Malcolm X visited Africa on four separate occasions, twice in 1959 and twice in 1964. During his visits he met officials, as well as spoke on television and radio in such diverse places as: Cairo, Egypt; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Lagos and Ibadan, Nigeria; Accra, Winneba, and Legon, Ghana; Conakry, Guinea; Algiers, Algeria; and Casablanca, Morocco. World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... View of the modern citys skyline. ... Addis Ababa (Amharic new flower) is the capital of Ethiopia. ... Dar es Salaam (دار السلام), formerly Mzizima, is the largest city (pop. ... Alternate uses: Lagos (disambiguation) Lagos is the largest city in Nigeria and, with its population of 13. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Accra, population 1,661,400 (2001), is the capital of Ghana. ... Winneba is the capital of Awutu Efutu Senya, Ghana, lying on the south coast of, west of Accra. ... Conakry (also Konakry, Malinké Kɔnakiri), population 2,000,000 (2002), is the capital of Guinea. ... For other uses, see Algiers (disambiguation). ... Hassan II Mosque For the 1942 film, see Casablanca (movie). ...

Malcolm first went to Africa in early spring of 1959. He traveled to Egypt (United Arab Republic), Sudan and Nigeria. He next set out in the summer of 1959 to arrange a tour for Elijah Muhammad that never materialized. On that trip he went to Egypt, Mecca, Iran, Syria, and Ghana. 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The United Arab Republic (UAR) was a country that existed as a union between the republics of Egypt and Syria between 1958 and 1961; though Egypt continued to be known as the UAR until 1970. ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Elijah Muhammad Elijah Muhammad (October 7, 1897–February 25, 1975) led the largely Black American spiritual and political organization, the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975. ... Mecca or Makkah (in full: Makkah al-Mukkaramah; Arabic مكة المكرمة) is revered as the holiest site of Islam, and a pilgrimage to it is required of all Muslims who can afford to go. ...

The first of Malcolm's two trips to Africa in 1964 lasted from April 13 to May 21. On May 8, following his speech at Trenchard Hall on the Campus of the University of Ibadan in Nigeria, he attended a reception in the Students' Union Hall held for him by the Muslim Students' Society. It was during this reception that the students bestowed upon him the name "Omowale" (Oh-Moh-wah-lay), meaning "the son returns home" in the Yoruba language. 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... April 13 is the 103rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (104th in leap years). ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... Malcolm X (pronounced Malkolm Eks, May 19, 1925–February 21, 1965 – also: Malcolm Little, El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, and Omowale) was a spokesman for the Nation of Islam, and a founder of both the Muslim Mosque, Inc. ... The Yorùbá are the largest ethnic group in Nigeria, comprising approximately 26 percent of that countrys total population, and numbering about close to 100 million individuals throughout the region of West Africa. ...

Malcolm returned to New York from Africa via Paris, France on May 21, 1964. May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

On July 9 he again left the US for Africa, spending a total of eighteen weeks abroad. On July 17, 1964, Malcolm addressed the Organization of African Unity's First Ordinary Assembly of Heads of State and Governments in Cairo as a representative of the OAAU. On August 21, 1964 he made a press statement on behalf of the OAAU regarding the Second African Summit Conference of the OAU. In it he explains how a strong and independent "United States of Africa" is a victory for the awakening of African Americans. July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... The Organization of Afro-American Unity was formed by Malcolm X on June 28, 1964. ... August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Organization of Afro-American Unity was formed by Malcolm X on June 28, 1964. ... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ...

By the time he returned to the US on November 24, 1964, Malcolm had established an international connection of brotherhood between Africans on the continent and those in the diaspora. November 24 is the 328th day (329th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The term diaspora ( Greek διασπορά, a scattering or sowing of seeds) is used (without capitalization) to refer to any people or ethnic population forced or induced to leave their traditional ethnic homelands, being dispersed throughout other parts of the world, and the ensuing developments in their dispersal and culture. ...

Death and afterwards

Life magazine published a famous photograph of Malcolm X holding a Carbine rifle and pulling back the curtains to peer out of a window. This photograph is a popular image on T-shirts and often appears with the slogan "By any means necessary." The photo was taken in connection with Malcolm's declaration that he would defend himself from the daily death threats which he and his family were receiving. A cover of Life Magazine from 1911 Life has been the name of two notable magazines published in the United States. ... A carbine is a firearm, similar to, but shorter or weaker than an ordinary rifle or musket of a given period. ...

Tensions increased between Malcolm and the Nation of Islam. It was alleged that orders were given by members of the Nation leadership to kill Malcolm. On February 14, 1965 his home in New York was firebombed. Malcolm and his family survived. Some say it was done by members of the Nation of Islam. No one has been charged in that crime. February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

A week later on February 21, in Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom, Malcolm had just begun delivering a speech when a disturbance broke out in the crowd of 400. A man yelled, "Get your hand outta my pocket! Don't be messin' with my pockets!" As Malcolm's bodyguards rushed forward to attend to the disturbance, a black man rushed forward and shot Malcolm in the chest with a sawed-off shotgun. Two other men quickly charged towards the stage and fired handguns at Malcolm. Angry on-lookers in the crowd caught and beat the assassins as they attempted to flee the Ballroom. Malcolm X had died. February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Manhattan is an island bordering the lower Hudson River. ... The Audubon Ballroom is most notoriously known for being the location where Malcom X was assassinated in 1965. ...

Malcolm X was buried at the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Three people were arrested for his murder: Nation of Islam members Talmadge Hayer, Norman 3X Butler, and Thomas 15X Johnson. All three were convicted of first-degree murder in March 1966. Hayer himself appears to be the only man guilty of the assassination; he later gave the names of the other assassins as Albert Thomas, Leon Davis, William Bradley, and Wilbur McKinley. Some independent investigators familiar with details of the case have accused current Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan of having played a major role in the planning of the assassination. Farrakhan gave an interview to the CBS news program 60 Minutes in 1998 in which he denied the allegations. Founded in 1903, the non-sectarian Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum is located on Secor Road in the hamlet of Hartsdale, Westchester County, New York, about 25 miles north of New York City. ... Hartsdale is an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Greenburgh, Westchester County, New York. ... Talmadge Hayer was one of the convicted assassins of Malcolm X. He was 22 years old at the time of the killing. ... This article needs cleanup. ... This article needs cleanup. ... -1... The contents of this page have been moved to http://en. ... Leon David was one of the assassins of Malcolm X, but was never convicted of this crime. ... Wilbur McKinley was a member of the conspiracy to kill Malcolm X, although he did not shoot at Malcolm himself. ... Louis Farrakhan Louis Farrakhan (born May 11, 1933 in Roxbury, Massachusetts) is the highly controversial leader of the largely African American Nation of Islam. ... CBSs first color logo, which debuted in the fall of 1965. ... 60 Minutes is the name of an American magazine-format television news program produced by CBS News. ... 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...

Despite his change of methods late in life, Malcolm X was most remembered for his remarkable oratorial delivery of his fiery anti-racist speeches, which were emulated by other black militant organizations and leaders such as the Black Panthers and Stokely Carmichael. The Black Panther Party (originally called the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a revolutionary Black nationalist organization in the United States that formed in the late 1960s and grew to national prominence before falling apart due to factional rivalries stirred up by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. ... Stokely Carmichael Stokely Carmichael (June 29, 1941 - November 15, 1998), also known as Kwame Ture, was an American Black activist and leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Black Panther Party. ...

Biographies and speeches

The Autobiography of Malcolm X (ISBN 0345350685) was written by Alex Haley between 1964 and 1965, based on interviews conducted shortly before Malcolm's assassination (with an epilogue written after it), and was published in 1972. The book was named by Time magazine as one of the 10 most important nonfiction books of the 20th century. "...belongs on the small shelf of great autobiographies", according to Wendy Smith of Amazon.com. Categories: Literature stubs | 1972 books | Books starting with A | Autobiographies ... Alex Haley Alexander Palmer Haley ( August 11, 1921 - February 10, 1992) was an African American writer who was the Chief Journalist for the United States Coast Guard before retiring to become a senior editor for Readers Digest. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... (Clockwise from upper left) Time magazine covers from May 7, 1945; July 25, 1969; December 31, 1999; September 14, 2001; and April 21, 2003. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...

Malcolm X Speaks: Selected Speeches and Statements ISBN 0802132138 edited by George Breitman. These speeches made during the last eight months of Malcolm's life indicate the power of his newly refined ideas.

"Malcolm X: The Man and His Times" (ISBN 0865432007) edited with an introduction and commentary by John Henrik Clarke. An anthology of writings, speeches and manifestos along with writings about Malcolm X by an international group of African and African American scholars and activists.

"Malcolm X: The FBI File" (ISBN 0881847518) Commentary by Clayborne Carson with an introduction by Spike Lee and edited by David Gallen. A source of information documenting the FBI's file on Malcolm beginning with his prison release in March 1953 and culminating with a 1980 a request that the FBI investigate Malcolm's assassination. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... For alternative meanings, see March (disambiguation). ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

The film Malcolm X was released in 1992, directed by Spike Lee. Based on the autobiography, it starred Denzel Washington as Malcolm with Angela Bassett as Betty and Al Freeman Jr. as Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm X was a 1992 movie directed by Spike Lee about the African-American activist and Black nationalist Malcolm X, and starred Denzel Washington. ... 1992 is a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Biography Shelton Jackson Lee (born March 20, 1957), better known as Spike Lee, is an film director, producer, writer, and actor noted for his bold, overtly political films. ... Denzel Washington Denzel Washington (born December 28, 1954) is an African American, Oscar-winning actor. ... Angela Bassett (born August 16, 1958) is an American film actress. ... Categories: People stubs | 1936 births | 1997 deaths | African Americans ... Al Freeman, Jr. ...

The 2001 film Ali, about boxer Muhammed Ali, also features Malcolm X, as played by Mario Van Peebles. Ali is a 2001 biographical film which tells the story of boxer Muhammad Ali. ... Other people with this name: Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Mehemet Ali (Turkey) Muhammad Ali-Haj (born January 17, 1942 as Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ... Mario Van Peebles (born January 15, 1957) is an actor and director who has starred in numerous films. ...

External links

Categories: 1925 births | 1965 deaths | African-American history | African Americans | Autodidacts | Civil rights activists | Murdered activists File links The following pages link to this file: Abraham Lincoln Aristotle Ayn Rand Adolf Hitler Al Gore Animal Farm Aldous Huxley Arthur Koestler Arthur Schopenhauer Animal Albert Einstein Art Abortion Apocalypse Now Alfred Hitchcock Alexander Graham Bell Andy Warhol Afrika Bambaataa Arthur C. Clarke Atheism Arthur Conan Doyle A... Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Alex Haley Alexander Palmer Haley ( August 11, 1921 - February 10, 1992) was an African American writer who was the Chief Journalist for the United States Coast Guard before retiring to become a senior editor for Readers Digest. ...

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