Shoulder sleeve patch of the 1st Special Service Force.

Properly designated as the 1st Special Service Force, the Devil's Brigade was a joint World War II American-Canadian commando unit trained at Fort Harrison near Helena, Montana in the United States. Many modern American and Canadian Special Forces units trace their heritage to this unit. For the movie of the same name see The Devil's Brigade. Image File history File links Shoulder sleeve patch of the 1st Special Service Force. ... Image File history File links Shoulder sleeve patch of the 1st Special Service Force. ... A Patch can refer to several different things: A piece of fabric. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the use of images on this page may require cleanup, involving adjustment of image placement, formatting, size, or other adjustments. ... The French Navy commando Jaubert storm the Alcyon in a mock assault. ... Nickname: Queen City Map Political Statistics Founded October 30, 1864 County Lewis and Clark County Mayor James E. Smith Geographic Statistics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 36. ... Official language(s) English Capital Helena Largest city Billings Area  Ranked 4th  - Total 147,165 sq mi (381,156 km²)  - Width 255 miles (410 km)  - Length 630 miles (1,015 km)  - % water 1  - Latitude 44°26 N to 49° N  - Longitude 104°2 W to 116°2 W Population  Ranked... The Devils Brigade is a 1966 book written by World War II combat pilot, novelist, and historian Robert H. Adleman in conjunction with Col. ...

General Background

The volunteers for the 1600 man force consisted primarily of enlisted men recruited by advertising at Army posts, stating that preference was to be given to men previously employed as lumberjacks, forest rangers, hunters, game wardens, and the like. The 1st Special Service Force was officially activated on July 20, 1942 under the command of Lt. Colonel Robert T. Frederick. Joint Task Force 2 The Canadian Special Forces (not officially known by that name, all special operations are under the command of CANSOFCOM, Canada Special Operations Forces Command) is an elite branch of the Canadian Armed Forces, responsible for special operations, Counter-Terrorism, and support for traditional troops. ... July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...

Force members received rigorous and intensive training in stealth tactics, hand-to-hand combat, the use of explosives for demolition, amphibious warfare, rock climbing and mountain fighting, and as ski troops. From the outset, the Force was armed with a variety of non-standard or limited issue weapons, such as the M41 Johnson LMG.^[1] The Johnson LMG in particular helped greatly increase the firepower of the unit and was highly regarded by those who used it in combat. Frederick himself participated in the design of a fighting knife made exclusively for the Force called the V-42, a derivation of the Fairbairn-Sykes fighting knife. Finnish sissi troops on skis. ... The M1941 Johnson Light Machine Gun was an American recoil-operated light machine gun designed in the late 1930s by Melvin Johnson. ... Diagram of F&S Fighting Knife, taken from FMFRP 12-80, Kill or Be Killed, by Rex Applegate, who worked extensively with Fairbairn. ...

The formation patch was a red arrowhead with the words CANADA and USA.

History

The 1st Special Service Force was activated on July 9, 1942 as a joint Candian-U.S. force of three small regiments and a service battalion. Following its initial training period in Montana, the 1st SSF relocated to Camp Bradford, Vermont, on April 15, 1943, and to Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont, on May 23, 1943. On July 4, 1943, it arrived at the San Francisco Port of Embarkation, and on July 10 sailed for the Aleutian Islands. On August 15, 1943, 1st SSF was part of the invasion force of the island of Kiska, but after the island was found evacuated, it re-embarked and returned to Fort Ethan Allen, arriving September 9. July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... Official language(s) None Capital Montpelier Largest city Burlington Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 9,620 sq mi (24,923 km²)  - Width 80 miles (130 km)  - Length 160 miles (260 km)  - % water 3. ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... Fort Ethan Allen was a cavalry outpost in the U.S. state of Vermont named for American Revolutionary War figure Ethan Allen. ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... Looking down the Aleutians from an airplane. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... Kiska is an island in the Rat Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska located at 52. ... September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ...

A scheduled operation code named "Project Plough," a mission to parachute into German-held Norway to knock out strategic targets such as hydroelectric power plants, had to be abandoned but in October of 1943 the commander of the U.S. Fifth Army, Lt. Gen. Mark W. Clark, brought the 1st Special Service Force to Italy where its members demonstrated the value of their unique skills and training. The 1st SSF arrived at Naples on November 19, 1943 and immediately went into the line with the U.S. 36th Infantry Division. The U.S. Fifth Army was one of the principal formations of the US Army in the Mediterranean during World War II. It was activated on January 4, 1943 and made responsible for the defence of Algeria and Morocco. ... Mark Wayne Clark (May 1, 1896 - April 17, 1984) was an American general during World War II and the Korean War. ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Shoulder sleeve patch of the United States National Guard 36th Infantry Division, the Texas Division. ...

At Monte la Defensa, located in the ancient town of Rocca d'Evandro (about 10 miles south of Cassino), between December 3 and December 6, 1943, they immediately earned a reputation for being able to take impenetrable objectives when no one else could. Here, in the dead of winter, the Special Service Force wiped out a strategic enemy defensive position sitting high atop a mountain surrounded by steep cliffs. Previously, American and British forces had suffered many casualties in futile attempts to take the important target. This incident was the basis for the 1968 motion picture titled "The Devil's Brigade." Country Italy Region Campania Province Province of Caserta (CE) Mayor Elevation m Area 49. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ...

The 1st SSF immediately continued its attack, assaulting Monte la Remetanea from December 6 to December 9. It captured Monte Sammucro on December 25, and assaulted Monte Vischiataro on January 8, 1944. During the mountain campaign the 1st SSF suffered 77% casualties. December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining. ...

During Operation Shingle at Anzio, Italy, 1944, the Special Force were brought ashore on February 1, after the decimation of the 1st and 3rd Ranger battalions at Cisterna, to hold and raid from the right-hand flank of the beachhead marked by the Mussolini Canal/Pontine Marshes. Shortly after the SSF took over the Mussolini Canal sector, German units pulled back up to a half-mile to avoid their aggressive patrols. Operation Shingle (January 22, 1944), during the Italian Campaign of World War II, was an Allied amphibious landing against Axis forces in the area of Anzio and Nettuno, Italy. ... Anzio (2003 pop. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Official force name 75th Ranger Regiment Rangers Other names Airborne Rangers Army Rangers Task Force Ranger U.S. Army Rangers Branch U.S. Army Chain of Command USASOC Description Special Operations Force, rapidly deployable light infantry force. ... A cisterna (plural cisternae) comprises a flattened membrane disk which makes up the Golgi apparatus. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

It was at Anzio that the Germans dubbed the 1st Special Service Force the "Devil's Brigade." The diary of a dead German soldier contained a passage that said, "The black devils (Die schwarzen Teufel) are all around us every time we come into the line." The soldier was referring to them as "black" because the brigade's members smeared their faces with black boot polish for their covert operations in the dark of the night. During Anzio, the 1st SSF fought for 99 days without relief. It was also at Anzio that the 1st SSF used their trademark stickers; during night patrols soldiers would carry stickers depicting the unit patch and a slogan, written in German: "Das Dicke Ende kommt noch," said to translate to "The Worst is yet to Come", placing these stickers on German corpses and fortifications. Canadian and American members of the Special Force who lost their lives are buried near the beach in the Commonwealth Anzio War Cemetery and the American Cemetery in Nettuno, just east of Anzio. The Commonwealth Anzio War Cemetery is to be found about a kilometre from Anzio town in Italy. ... Nettuno is a town and comune of Rome province in the Latium region of Italy, 60 kilometers south of Rome. ...

When the 5th Army breakout offensive began on May 25, 1944, the 1st SSF was sent against Monte Arrestino, and attacked Rocca Massima on May 27. The 1st SSF was given the assignment of capturing seven bridges in the city to prevent their demolition by the withdrawing Wehrmacht. During the night of June 4th, members of the 1st SSF entered Rome. They are among the Allied units who claim to be the first to enter Rome. After they secured the bridges, they quickly moved north in pursuit of the retreating Germans. Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Latina (LT) Mayor Elevation 735 m Area 18. ... German cavalry and motorized units entering Poland from East Prussia during the Polish Campaign of 1939 Wehrmacht (Defence force) was the name of the armed forces of Germany from 1935 to 1945. ...

On August 14, 1944, the 1st SSF landed at Îles d'Hyères during Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France. On August 22, it was attached to the 1st Airborne Task Force, a provisional Seventh Army airborne division, and later made part of the Task Force. On September 7, it moved with the 1st Airborne Task Force to defensive positions on the Franco-Italian border. During the war the 1800-man unit accounted for some 12,000 German casualties, captured some 7,000 prisoners, and sustained an attrition rate of over 600%. The ÃŽles dHyères (or ÃŽles dOr) is a group of three islands off Hyères in the Var département, in the south-east of France. ... A map of the operation. ...

The 1st SSF, a unique military unit that never failed to achieve its objective, was disbanded December 5th, 1944. The Canadians would return to other Canadian units (most of them became replacements for the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion), some American members were sent to the Airborne Divisions as replacements, and others formed the 474th Infantry Regiment, which served with the Third Army and performed occupation duty in Norway. However, in 1952, Col. Aaron Bank created another elite unit using the training, the strategies, and the lessons learned from the Devil's Brigade's missions. This force evolved into specialized forces such as the Green Berets, Delta Force, and the Navy SEALs. In Canada, today's elite and highly secretive JTF2 military unit is also modeled on the Devil's Brigade. As in World War II, Canadian JTF2 members and American Delta Force members were united once again into a special assignment force for the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan. Aaron Bank (November 23, 1902-April 1, 2004) was the founder of the US Army Special Forces, commonly called Green Berets. ... Special forces (colloquially, sometimes incorrectly) or special operations forces (general term) are military units which are formed and trained to conduct missions involving unconventional warfare, Counter-Terrorism, reconnaissance, direct action and foreign internal defense. ... Shoulder sleeve patch of the United States Army Special Forces, the Green Berets. ... The 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne) (1st SFOD-D (A)), commonly known as Delta within the U.S. Army or as Delta Force by the general public (officially recognized by the Pentagon as the Combat Applications Group), is a Special Operations Force (SOF) and an element of the... SEALs in from the water. ... Joint Task Force 2 Special Forces duties in Canada are performed by an elite counter-terrorism unit known as JTF2 (Joint Task Force 2. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ...

Plaque located on Interstate 15 between Helena and Great Falls.

In September of 1999, Alberta provincial highway 4 and Interstate 15 in Montana, being the main highway between the cities of Lethbridge, Alberta Canada and Helena, Montana in the United States, was renamed the "First Special Service Force Memorial Highway". This highway was chosen because it was the route taken in 1942 by the Canadian volunteers to join their American counterparts for training at Fort Harrison. Image File history File links First_Special_Service_Force_Plaque. ... Image File history File links First_Special_Service_Force_Plaque. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Alberta Highway 4, also known as Red Coat Trail forms the most southerly leg of Albertas CANAMEX Highway system. ... Interstate 15 (abbreviated I-15) is the fourth longest north-south transcontinental interstate highway in the United States, traveling through the states of Montana, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and California. ... Lethbridge is a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. ... Nickname: Queen City Map Political Statistics Founded October 30, 1864 County Lewis and Clark County Mayor James E. Smith Geographic Statistics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 36. ...

A large number of the Devil's Brigade members were honored for their acts of valor, including Tommy Prince, Canada's most decorated aboriginal soldier of WW II. Tommy Prince (October 25, 1915 - November 25, 1977) was one of Canadas most decorated war heroes, serving in World War II and the Korean War. ...

Unique weapons

M41 Johnson LMG The M1941 Johnson Light Machine Gun was an American recoil-operated light machine gun designed in the late 1930s by Melvin Johnson. ...

V-42 combat knife

Combat service

Aleutians Campaign, 1943

• Kiska & Little Kiska - August 15-August 19, 1943
• Segula Island - August 17, 1943

Looking down the Aleutians from an airplane. ... Kiska is an island in the Rat Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska located at 52. ... Kiska is an island in the Rat Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska located at 52. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Segula Island is an island in the Rat Islands archipelago of the Western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ...

Italian (Naples-Foggia, Anzio, Rome-Arno) Campaigns 1943-1944

• Monte la Defensa, Rocca d'Evandro - December 3-December 6, 1943
• Monte la Remetanea, Rocca d'Evandro - December 6-December 9, 1943
• Monte Sammucro, S.Pietro-S.Vittore - December 25 (Christmas Day), 1943
• Radicosa, S.Vittore - January 4, 1944
• Monte Majo - January 6, 1944
• Monte Vischiataro - January 8, 1944
• Anzio - February 2-May 10, 1944
• Monte Arrestino - May 25, 1944
• Rocca Massima - May 27, 1944
• Colle Ferro - June 2, 1944
• Rome - June 4, 1944

December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining. ... Christmas is a Christian holiday held on December 25 which celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Anzio (2003 pop. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (131st in leap years). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Latina (LT) Mayor Elevation 735 m Area 18. ... May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... June 2 is the 153rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (154th in leap years), with 212 days remaining. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) coordinates: 41°54′N 12°29′E Time Zone: UTC+1 Administration Subdivisions 19 municipi Province Rome Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni ( The Union ) Characteristics Area 1,285 km² Population 2,547,677 (2005 estimate) Density 1983... June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ...

Southern France, (Alpes-Maritimes) Campaign, 1944

• Iles d'Hyères - August 14-August 17, 1944
• Grasse - August 27, 1944
• Villeneuve-Loubet - August 30, 1944
• Vence - September 1, 1944
• Drap - September 3, 1944
• L'Escarène - September 5, 1944
• La Turbie - September 6, 1944
• Menton - September 7, 1944

Motto: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité (English: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity) Anthem: La Marseillaise Capital Paris 48°51′ N 2°20′ E Largest city Paris Official language French1 Government  â€¢ President  â€¢ Prime Minister Unitary republic Jacques Chirac Dominique de Villepin Formation 843 (Treaty of Verdun) (5th Republic: 1958) Accession to the EU 25 March... Alpes_Maritimes is a département in the extreme southeast corner of France. ... The ÃŽles dHyères (or ÃŽles dOr) is a group of three islands off Hyères in the Var département, in the south-east of France. ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Grasse is a town in southeast France, it is a commune of the Alpes-Maritimes département, on the French Riviera. ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Villeneuve-Loubet is a town and commune in southeastern France, in the Alpes-Maritimes département, between Cagnes-sur-Mer and Antibes, at the mouth of the Loup River. ... August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Vence is a small French town set in the hills of the Alpes Maritimes region, between Nice and Antibes. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Drap is a commune of the Alpes-Maritimes département, in France. ... September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... LEscarène is a commune of the Alpes-Maritimes département, in southeastern France. ... September 5 is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... La Turbie or the Trophy of the Alps is a Roman monument on the Côte dAzur. ... This article is about the day of the year. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Menton (Italian, Mentone) is a town and commune in the Alpes-Maritimes département of the Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur région of France. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ...

Rhineland Campaign, 1944

• Franco-Italian border - September 7 - November 30, 1944

The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany, although some consider the lands to the east of the river culturally distinct, jovially referring to them as Schäl Sick; the bad or wrong side... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ...

Motion pictures

• The Devil's Brigade (1968) - starring William Holden, Cliff Robertson, Vince Edwards

The Devils Brigade is a 1966 book written by World War II combat pilot, novelist, and historian Robert H. Adleman in conjunction with Col. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... William Holden William Holden (1918-1981), was an Oscar winning American film actor. ... Cliff Robertson. ... Vince Edwards Vince Edwards (July 7, 1928- March 11, 1996) was an American actor, director, and singer. ...

Documentaries

• Daring to Die: The Story of the Black Devils

Books

• Adleman, Robert H., and Colonel George Walton, The Devil's Brigade (Philadelphia., PA: Chilton Books, 1966).
• Burhans, Robert D., The First Special Service Force: A Canadian/American Wartime Alliance: The Devil's Brigade (Washington: Infantry Journal Press Inc. 1947)
• Cottingham, Peter Layton Once Upon a Wartime: A Canadian Who Survived the Devil's Brigade (P.L. Cottingham, Manitoba Canada, 1996)
• Joyce, Kenneth H. Snow Plough and the Jupiter Deception - The Story of the 1st Special Service Force and the 1st Canadian Special Service Battalion - 1942-1945, Vanwell Publishing, St. Catharines, ON, 2006).
• Nadler, John A Perfect Hell:The true story of the FSSF, Forgotten Commandos of the Second World War (PA: Double Day Canada, 2005)
• Ross, Robert Todd, The Supercommandos First Special Service Force, 1942-1942, An Illustrated History (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd. 2000).
• Springer, Joseph, The Black Devil Brigade: The True Story of the First Special Service Force, (Pacifica Military History, 2001).
• Wood, James A. We Move Only Forward: Canada, the United States, and the First Special Service Force, 1942-1944 (St. Catharines, ON: Vanwell Publishing, 2006).

Robert H. Adleman, American novelist and historian, was born on May 17, 1919 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and died on November 16, 1995 in Ashland, Oregon. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ...

Re-enactment

The First Special Service Force is represented by at least one military reenactment group. The First Special Service Force Living History Group is made up of men from both Canada and the United States. Members of this group in 2006 ventured to Monte La Difensa and placed a memorial plaque dedicated to the men of the force. Reenactors of the American Civil War Historical reenactment is an activity in which participants recreate some aspects of a historical event or period. ...

External links

• FSSF Living Historical Group
• 1SSF page at canadiansoldiers.com