A Diatreme is a volcanic pipe or feature formed by a gas or volatile rich explosive magma. Diatremes often breach the surface and produce a tuff cone or a filled relatively shallow crater known as a maar or other volcanic pipes. The term has been applied more generally to any concave body of broken rock or breccia, generally formed by explosive or hydrostatic forces, whether or not it is related to volcanism. Some diatreme explosions may result from the interaction of hot magma and relatively shallow groundwater. This article is about volcanoes in geology. ... Magma is molten rock often located inside a magma chamber beneath the surface of the Earth. ... Puu Oo, a cinder-and-spatter cone on Kilauea, Hawaii Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcano formations. ... This page describes the geological feature. ... Breccia, derived from the Latin word for broken, is a sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments in a matrix that may be of a similar or a different material. ... Groundwater is water which may be flowing within aquifers below the water table. ...

Kimberlite and lamproite volcanic pipes associated with diamond occurrences are usually considered to be volatile charged piercement structures or diatreme volcanic features from the lower crust or upper mantle. Many copper and base metal ore deposits have associated intrusive breccia pipes which are rich in ore minerals have been referred to as diatreme in nature. Hewn kimberlite core sample from the James Bay Lowlands region of Northern Ontario, Canada. ... Lamproite is a peralkaline volcanic rock. ... Volcanic Pipe Volcanic pipes are subterranean geological structures formed by the violent, supersonic eruption of deep-origin volcanoes. ... A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets. ... This article is about volcanoes in geology. ... Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. ... Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic brown Atomic mass 63. ... Iron ore (Banded iron formation) Manganese ore Lead ore Gold ore An ore is a mineral deposit containing a metal or other valuable resource in economically viable concentrations. ... Breccia, derived from the Latin word for broken, is a sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments in a matrix that may be of a similar or a different material. ...

An intrusion is the material causing the diatremic piercement. Many volcanic processes produce piercement structures through intrusions of igneous rock. However, most igneous intrusions are not considered diatremic. Pluton redirects here. ... Eruption redirects here. ... Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. ...

References

• Kimberlite Emplacement Models