NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Die Blaue Vier

Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) was a group of artists secessioning in Munich, Germany in 1911, from the Neue Künstlervereinigung München. Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, August Macke, Alexej von Jawlensky, Marianne von Werefkin, Lyonel Feininger and others founded the group in response to the rejection of Kandinsky's painting Last Judgement from an exhibition by —another artists' group of which Kandinsky had been a member. Der Blaue Reiter lacked a central artistic manifesto, and was centred around Kandinsky and Marc. Artists Gabriele Münter and Paul Klee were also involved. Der Blaue Reiter was one of two groups of German painters fundamental to Expressionism, the other being Die Brücke, formed in Dresden in 1905. Cover of Der Blaue Reiter almanac. ... Cover of Der Blaue Reiter almanac. ... Munich (German: , pronounced ; Austro-Bavarian: Minga; Italian: Monaco; Latin language: Monacum) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: ). Munich is Germanys third largest city and one of Europes most prosperous. ... The Neue KÃ¼nstlervereinigung MÃ¼nchen, abbreviated NKVM, (German:Munich New Artists Association) formed in 1909 in Munich. ... Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Kandinsky (Russian: Ð’Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ ÐšÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹, first name pronounced as [vassi:li]) (December 16 [O.S. December 4] 1866 â€“ December 13, 1944) was a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist. ... August Macke. ... August Macke. ... Artists in Munich 1914: (from left) Alexej von Jawlensky, Clotilde von Derp, Marianne von Werefkin, Alexander Sacharoff Alexej Georgewitsch von Jawlensky (?March 13, 1864 â€“ March 15, 1941) was a Russian expressionist painter active in Germany. ... Image:Jawlensky-Derp-Werefkin. ... Lyonel Charles Feininger (July 17, 1871 - January 13, 1956); was a German-American painter and caricaturist. ... Gabriele Münter was a German painter who lived from 1877 to 1962. ... Paul Klee (IPA: kleË) (December 18, 1879 to June 29, 1940) was a Swiss painter of German nationality. ... The Scream by Edvard Munch (1893) which inspired 20th century Expressionists Portrait of Eduard Kosmack by Egon Schiele Rehe im Walde by Franz Marc Elbe Bridge I by Rolf Nesch On White II by Wassily Kandinsky, 1923. ... Die BrÃ¼cke (The Bridge) was a group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905. ... For other uses, see Dresden (disambiguation). ...

The name Der Blaue Reiter derived from Marc's enthusiasm for horses, and from Kandinsky's love of the colour blue. For Kandinsky, blue is the colour of spirituality—the darker the blue, the more it awakens human desire for the eternal (see his 1911 book On the Spiritual in Art). Kandinsky had also titled a painting Der Blaue Reiter (see illustration) in 1903. Image File history File links Kandinsky-Blue_Rider. ... Image File history File links Kandinsky-Blue_Rider. ...

Within the group, artistic approaches and aims varied from artist to artist; however, the artists shared a common desire to express spiritual truths through their art. They believed in the promotion of modern art; the connection between visual art and music; the spiritual and symbolic associations of colour; and a spontaneous, intuitive approach to painting. Members were interested in European medieval art and primitivism, as well as the contemporary, non-figurative art scene in France. As a result of their encounters with cubist and Rayonist ideas, they moved towards abstraction. Byzantine monumental Church mosaics are a crowning glory of Medieval Art. ... Primitivism is an artistic movement that looks to early human history and non-Western or childrens art for inspiration and makes use of themes or stylistic elements from prehistory and tribal cultures. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Mikhail Larionov Red Rayonism 1913 Rayonism (or Rayonnism) is a style of abstract art that developed in Russia in 1911. ...

Der Blaue Reiter organized exhibitions in 1911 and 1912 that toured Germany. They also published an almanac featuring contemporary, primitive and folk art, along with children's paintings. In 1913 they exhibited in the first German Herbstsalon.

The group was disrupted by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. Franz Marc and August Macke were killed in combat. Wassily Kandinsky, Marianne von Werefkin and Alexej von Jawlensky were forced to move back to Russia because of their Russian citizenship. There were also differences in opinions within the group. As a result, Der Blaue Reiter was short-lived, lasting for three years from 1911 to 1914.In 1923 Kandinsky,Feininger,Klee and Alexej von Jawlensky formed Die Blaue Vier(Blue Four) and exhibited and lectured together in USA in 1924. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... August Macke. ... August Macke. ... Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Kandinsky (Russian: Ð’Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ ÐšÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹, first name pronounced as [vassi:li]) (December 16 [O.S. December 4] 1866 â€“ December 13, 1944) was a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist. ... Image:Jawlensky-Derp-Werefkin. ... Artists in Munich 1914: (from left) Alexej von Jawlensky, Clotilde von Derp, Marianne von Werefkin, Alexander Sacharoff Alexej Georgewitsch von Jawlensky (?March 13, 1864 â€“ March 15, 1941) was a Russian expressionist painter active in Germany. ... On White II (Kandinsky 1923) Wassily Kandinsky (Russian: Василий Кандинский, first name sometimes spelled as Vasily, Vassily or Vasilii) (December 16, 1866 - December 13, 1944) was a Russian-born painter and art theorist. ... Klee redirects here. ... Artists in Munich 1914: (from left) Alexej von Jawlensky, Clotilde von Derp, Marianne von Werefkin, Alexander Sacharoff Alexej Georgewitsch von Jawlensky (?March 13, 1864 â€“ March 15, 1941) was a Russian expressionist painter active in Germany. ...

An extensive collection of paintings by Der Blaue Reiter is exhibited in the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus in Munich. The Lenbachhaus was errected as villa for the painter Franz von Lenbach and is an art museum of the city of Munich, Germany. ...

Members

Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Kandinsky (Russian: Ð’Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ ÐšÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹, first name pronounced as [vassi:li]) (December 16 [O.S. December 4] 1866 â€“ December 13, 1944) was a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist. ... August Macke. ... August Macke. ... Paul Klee (IPA: kleË) (December 18, 1879 to June 29, 1940) was a Swiss painter of German nationality. ... Gabrielle MÃ¼nter (1877 - 1962) was a German expressionist painter who was at the forefront of the Munich avant-garde in the early 20th century. ... Artists in Munich 1914: (from left) Alexej von Jawlensky, Clotilde von Derp, Marianne von Werefkin, Alexander Sacharoff Alexej Georgewitsch von Jawlensky (?March 13, 1864 â€“ March 15, 1941) was a Russian expressionist painter active in Germany. ... Albert Bloch (1881 â€“ 1961) was an American Modernist artist and the only American artist associated with Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider), a group of early 20th-century European modernists. ... Self Portrait with Yellow Lilies. ... Image:Jawlensky-Derp-Werefkin. ... Lyonel Charles Feininger (July 17, 1871 - January 13, 1956); was a German-American painter and caricaturist. ... Schoenberg redirects here. ...

First exhibition

December 18, 1911, the "First exhibition of the editorial board of Der Blaue Reiter" (Erste Ausstellung der Redaktion Der Blaue Reiter) opened at the Heinrich Thannhauser's Moderne Galerie in Munich, running through the first days of 1912. 43 works by 14 artists were shown: paintings by Henri Rousseau, Albert Bloch, David Burliuk, Wladimir Burliuk, Heinrich Campendonk, Robert Delaunay, Elisabeth Epstein, Eugen von Kahler, Wassily Kandinsky, August Macke, Franz Marc, Gabriele Münter, Jean Bloé Niestlé and Arnold Schönberg, and an illustrated cataloge edited.^[1] The Thannhauser Galleries originated in Munich, in autumn 1909, when Heinrich Thannhauser (1859-1934) decided to quit his former partner Franz Josef Brakl and installed his Modern Gallery (Moderne Galerie) at the Arco-Palais, Theatinerstrasse 7. ... Self Portrait, 1908 Henri Julien FÃ©lix Rousseau (May 21, 1844 â€“ September 2, 1910) was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. ... Albert Bloch (1881 â€“ 1961) was an American Modernist artist and the only American artist associated with Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider), a group of early 20th-century European modernists. ... David Burliuk Revolution, 1917 David or Davyd Burliuk (July 21, 1882â€“January 15, 1967) was a Ukrainian- Russian avant-garde artist (Futurist, Neo-Primitivist), book illustrator, publicist, and author associated with Russian Futurism. ... Wladimir Burliuk, Portrait of Velemir Khlebnikov, 1913 Wladimir Burliuk (Russian: , 1886â€“1917) was an avant-garde artist (Neo-Primitivist and Cubo-Futurist), book illustrator. ... Image:300px-Delaunay ChampDeMars. ... Arnold Schoenberg, Los Angeles, 1948 For the American music critic and journalist, see Harold Charles Schonberg. ...

From January 1912 through July 1914, the exhibition toured around Europe and saw venues in Cologne, Berlin, Bremen, Hagen, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Budapest, Oslo, Helsinki, Trondheim and Göteborg.^[2]

Second exhibition

February 12 through April 2, 1912, the "Second exhibition of the editorial board of Der Blaue Reiter" showed works in "Black & White" (Zweite Ausstellung der Redaktion Der Blaue Reiter, Schwarz-Weiß) at the "New Art" Gallery of Hans Goltz (Neue Kunst Hans Goltz) in Munich.^[3]

Der Blaue Reiter Almanac

Conceived since June 1911, this Almanac was published in spring 1912, by Piper, Munich: May 11, Franz Marc received a first print. A second volume did not realize, instead of this a second edition was printed in 1914, again by Piper.^[4] Cover of Der Blaue Reiter almanac. ... Cover of Der Blaue Reiter almanac. ...

Participations of the group

Meanwhile the artists of Der Blaue Reiter participated in other mile-stone exhibitions:

The Sonderbund - as it is normally called; its complete name being Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und KÃ¼nstler (the Separate League of West German Art Lovers and Artists) - was a special union of artists and art lovers, established 1909 in DÃ¼sseldorf and disolved in 1916. ... Herwarth Walden (actual name Georg Lewin, born September 16, 1879, in Berlin; died October 31, 1941, in Saratov, Russia) was a German Expressionist artist and art expert in many disciplines. ... Der Sturm (German: The Storm) was a magazine of expressionism founded in Berlin in 1910 by Herwarth Walden. ...

Resources

Notes

References

Categories: Artist groups and collectives | Expressionism | German art | History of Munich | Munich culture | 1911 establishments | 1914 disestablishments Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ... In Parmigianinos Madonna with the Long Neck (1534-40), Mannerism makes itself known by elongated proportions, affected poses, and unclear perspective. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... North side of the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo - carriage courtyard: all the stucco details sparkled with gold until 1773, when Catherine II had gilding replaced with olive drab paint. ... Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ... Wanderer above the sea of fog by Caspar David Friedrich Romanticism is an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in 18th century Western Europe. ... Realism in the visual arts and literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation. ... Persephone, by Dante Gabriel Rossetti. ... Birth of Venus, Alexandre Cabanel, 1863 Academic art is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies or universities. ... Impressionism was a 19th century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists, who began exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s. ... Self-Portrait with sister, by Victor Borisov-Musatov 1898 Post-Impressionism is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1914, to describe the development of European art since Monet (Impressionism). ... Modern art is a general term used for most of the artistic production from the late 19th century until approximately the 1970s. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Scream by Edvard Munch (1893) which inspired 20th century Expressionists Portrait of Eduard Kosmack by Egon Schiele Rehe im Walde by Franz Marc Elbe Bridge I by Rolf Nesch On White II by Wassily Kandinsky, 1923. ... This USPS stamp illustrates Pollocks drip technique. ... Black square by Kazimir Malevich Abstract art is now generally understood to mean art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses color and form in a non-representational way. ... The Neue KÃ¼nstlervereinigung MÃ¼nchen, abbreviated NKVM, (German:Munich New Artists Association) formed in 1909 in Munich. ... Die BrÃ¼cke (The Bridge) was a group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905. ... Cover of the first edition of the publication, Dada. ... The Dessert: Harmony in Red (1908) by Henri Matisse Les Fauves (French for Wild Beasts) were a short-lived and loose grouping of early Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities, and the use of deep color over the representational values retained by Impressionism. ... Poster by Alfons Mucha Vitebsk Railway Station one of the finest examples of Art Nouveau architecture. ... The Bauhaus-Signet (logo) is the common term for the , an art and architecture school in Germany that operated from 1919 to 1933, and for its approach to design that it publicized and taught. ... De Stijl redirects here. ... Asheville City Hall. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Futurism was a 20th century art movement. ... This term is not to be confused with supremacism. ... Yves Tanguy Indefinite Divisibility 1942 Surrealism[1] is a movement stating that the liberation of our mind, and subsequently the liberation of the individual self and society, can be achieved by exercising the imaginative faculties of the unconscious mind to the attainment of a dream-like state different from, or... Color Field painting was an abstract style that emerged in the 1950s after Abstract Expressionism and is largely characterized by abstract canvases painted primarily with large areas of solid color. ... Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is stripped down to its most fundamental features and core self expression. ... Lyrical Abstraction is an important American abstract art movement that emerged in New York City, Los Angeles, Washington DC and then Toronto and London during the 1960s - 1970s. ... Postmodern art (sometimes called po-mo) is a term used to describe art which is thought to be after or in contradiction to some aspect of modernism. ... Joseph Kosuth, One and Three Chairs (1965) Conceptual art is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. ...

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