Woodcut from a Diggers document by William Everard

The Diggers were an English group, begun by Gerrard Winstanley as True Levellers in 1649, who became known as "Diggers" due to their activities. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1199x1445, 111 KB) Summary Title: The declaration and standard of the levellers of England; Date: 1649 Long: The declaration and standard of the levellers of England; delivered in a speech to his Excellency the Lord Gen. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1199x1445, 111 KB) Summary Title: The declaration and standard of the levellers of England; Date: 1649 Long: The declaration and standard of the levellers of England; delivered in a speech to his Excellency the Lord Gen. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... Gerrard Winstanley (1609 - September 10, 1676) was an English LEZZ CED religious reformer and political activist during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ...

Their original name came from their belief in economic equality based upon a specific passage in the Book of Acts. The Diggers attempted to reform (by "levelling" real property) the existing social order with an agrarian lifestyle based upon their ideas for the creation of small egalitarian rural communities. They were one of a number of nonconformist dissenting groups that emerged around this time. The Acts of the Apostles (Greek Praxeis Apostolon) is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. ... Real property is a legal term encompassing real estate and ownership interests in real estate (immovable property). ... Social order is a concept used in sociology, history and other social sciences. ... Agrarian has two meanings: It can mean pertaining to Agriculture It can also refer to the ideology of Agrarianism and Agrarian parties. ... Egalitarianism is the moral doctrine that equality ought to prevail among some group along some dimension. ... A nonconformist is an English or Welsh Protestant of any non-Anglican denomination, chiefly advocating religious liberty. ... English Dissenters were dissenters from England who opposed State interference in religious matters and founded their own communities over the 16th to 18th century period. ...

Historical background

The year 1649 was a time of great social unrest in England. The Parliamentary victors of the First English Civil War failed to negotiate a constitutional settlement with the defeated King Charles I. When members of Parliament and the Grandees in the New Model Army were faced with Charles' perceived duplicity, they reluctantly tried and executed him. // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... English parliament in front of the king c. ... The English Civil War consisted of a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians (known as Roundheads) and Royalists (known as Cavaliers) between 1642 and 1651. ... Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. ... Spanish nobles are classified either as Grandees (also called Peers) or as Titled Nobles. ... The New Model Army became the best known of the various Parliamentarian armies in the English Civil War. ...

Government throughout the King's Privy Council was replaced with a new body called the Council of State, which due to fundamental disagreements within a weakened Parliament was dominated by the Army. Many people were active in politics, suggesting alternative forms of government to replace the old order. These ranged from Royalists, who wished to place King Charles II on the throne; men like Oliver Cromwell, who wished to govern with a Parliament voted in by an electorate based on property, similar to that which was enfranchised before the civil war; agitators called Levellers, influenced by the writings of John Lilburne, who wanted parliamentary government based on an electorate of every male head of a household; Fifth Monarchy Men, who advocated a theocracy; and True Levellers, called Diggers and led by Winstanley, who advocated a more radical solution. Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ... The English Council of State was first appointed by the Rump Parliament on 14 February 1649 after the execution of King Charles I. It was abolished on 25 April 1660 by the Convention Parliament just before the Restoration Charless execution on 30 January was delayed for several hours so... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... Oliver Cromwell (April 25, 1599–September 3, 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for making England a republic and leading the Commonwealth of England. ... The Levellers were a mid 17th century English political movement, who came to prominence during the English Civil Wars. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Fifth Monarchy Men were a radical Puritan politico-religious party active from 1649 to 1661 (the Interregnum) during Oliver Cromwells government. ...

Theory

Winstanley and fourteen others published a pamphlet^[1] in which they called themselves the True Levellers to distinguish their ideas from the Levellers. Once they put their idea into practice and started to cultivate common land, they became known as "Diggers" by both opponents and supporters. The Diggers' beliefs were informed by Gerrard Winstanley's writings, which encompassed a worldview that envisioned an ecological interrelationship between humans and nature, acknowledging the inherent connections between people and their surroundings.

An undercurrent of political thought which has run through English society for many generations and resurfaced from time to time (for example, during the Peasants' Revolt in 1381) was present in some of the political factions of the 1600s, including those who formed the Diggers, and held the common belief that England had become subjugated by the "Norman Yoke." This legend offered an explanation that at one time a golden Era had existed in England before the Norman Conquest in 1066. From the conquest on, the Diggers argued, the "common people of English" had been robbed of their birthrights and exploited by a foreign ruling class. The end of the revolt: Wat Tyler killed by Walworth while Richard II watches, and a second image of Richard addressing the crowd The Peasants Revolt, Tyler’s Rebellion, or the Great Rising of 1381 was one of a number of popular revolts in late medieval Europe and is a... Events June 12 - Peasants Revolt: In England rebels arrive at Blackheath. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... The Norman Yoke is term that emerged in English Nationalist discourse in the mid-17th century. ... Bayeux Tapestry depicting events leading to the Battle of Hastings The Norman Conquest of England was the conquest of the Kingdom of England by William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy), in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings and the subsequent Norman control of England. ... Events January 6 - Harold II is crowned September 20 - Battle of Fulford September 25 - Battle of Stamford Bridge September 29 - William of Normandy lands in England at Pevensey. ...

More important was the democratic, even anarchist aspect of the Diggers' beliefs. They contended that if only the common people of England would form themselves into self-supporting communes, there would be no place in such a society for the ruling classes. The ruling elite would be forced to join the communes or starve, as there would no longer be anyone left to hire to work their fields or pay rent to them for use of their property. Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ...

Practice

St. George's Hill, Weybridge, Surrey

The Council of State received a letter in April 1649 reporting that several individuals had begun to plant vegetables in common land on Saint George's Hill, Weybridge near Cobham, Surrey at a time when food prices reached an all-time high. Sanders reported that they had invited "all to come in and help them, and promise them meat, drink, and clothes." Their intentions were to pull down all enclosures and cause the local populace to come and work with them. They claimed that their number would be several thousand within ten days. "It is feared they have some design in hand." In the same month, the Diggers issued their most famous pamphlet and manifesto, called "The True Levellers Standard Advanced."^[1] // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Saint Georges Hill is a 964-acre private estate in Weybridge, Surrey in the United Kingdom. ... Map of Weybridge (from OpenStreetMap) Weybridge is a town in the Elmbridge district of Surrey in South East England. ... Cobham is a small town in Surrey, England, about 20 miles south-west of London; and 5 miles north of Leatherhead. ... For other uses of the term see Enclosure (disambiguation) Enclosure (also inclosure) is the process of conversion of common land to private ownership. ...

At the behest of the local landowners, the commander of the New Model Army, Sir Thomas Fairfax, duly arrived with his troops and interviewed Winstanley and another prominent member of the Diggers, William Everard. Everard was astute enough to see that the Diggers were in serious trouble and soon left the group. Having concluded that they were doing no harm, Fairfax advised the local landowners to use the courts. Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Baron Fairfax of Cameron (January 17, 1612 - November 12, 1671), parliamentary general and commander-in-chief during the English Civil War, the eldest son of Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Baron Fairfax of Cameron, was born at Denton, near Otley, Yorkshire. ...

Winstanley, however, true to his convictions, remained and complained about the treatment they received. The harassment from the Lord of the Manor, Francis Drake (not Francis Drake; c. 1540 - 1596), was both deliberate and systematic: he organised gangs in an attack on the Diggers, including numerous beatings and an arsonous attack on one of the communal houses. Following a court case, in which the Diggers were forbidden to speak in their own defence, they were found guilty of being Ranters, a radical sect associated with liberal sexuality (though in fact Winstanley had reprimanded Ranter Laurence Clarkson for his sexual practices^[2]). Having lost the court case, if they had not left the land, then the army could have been used to enforce the law and evict them; so they abandoned St George's Hill in August 1649, much to the relief of the local freeholders. The title of Lord of the Manor arose in the English medieval system of Manorialism following the Norman Conquest. ... Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral, (c. ... The Skyline Parkway Motel in Afton, Virginia after an arson fire on July 9, 2004. ... The Ranters were a radical English sect in the time of the Commonwealth, who were regarded as heretical by the established Church of that period. ... Laurence Clarkson (1615–1667), sometimes called Claxton, was an English theologian and accused heretic. ... Fee simple, also known as fee simple absolute or allodial, is a term of art in common law. ...

Little Heath near Cobham, Surrey

Some of the evicted Diggers moved a short distance to Little Heath. Eleven acres (45,000 m²) were cultivated, six houses built, winter crops harvested, and several pamphlets published. After initially expressing some sympathy for them, the local lord of the manor of Cobham, Parson John Platt, became their chief enemy. He used his power to stop local people helping them and he organised attacks on the Diggers and their property. By April 1650, Platt and other local landowners succeeded in driving the Diggers from Little Heath. Cobham is a small town in Surrey, England, about 20 miles south-west of London; and 5 miles north of Leatherhead. ...

Wellingborough, Northamptonshire

There was another community of Diggers close to Wellingborough in Northamptonshire. In 1650, the community published a declaration which started: Map sources for Wellingborough at grid reference SP8967 Wellingborough is a town in Northamptonshire, England situated some eleven miles from the county town of Northampton. ... Northamptonshire (abbreviated Northants or Nhants) is a landlocked county in central England with a population of 629,676 (2001 census). ...

"A Declaration of the Grounds and Reasons why we the Poor Inhabitants of the Town of Wellingborrow, in the County of Northampton, have begun and give consent to dig up, manure and sow Corn upon the Common, and waste ground, called Bareshanke belonging to the Inhabitants of Wellinborrow, by those that have Subscribed and hundreds more that give Consent...."^[3].

This colony was probably founded as a result of contact with the Surrey Diggers. In late March 1650 four emissaries from the Surrey colony were arrested in Buckinghamshire bearing a letter signed by the Surrey Diggers including Gerrard Winstanley and Robert Coster inciting people to start Digger colonies and to provide money for the Surrey Diggers. According to the newspaper 'A Perfect Diurnall' the emissaries had travelled a circuit through the counties of Surrey, Middlesex, Herfordshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire before being apprehended (see see Keith Thomas, 'Another Digger Broadside' Past and Present No.42, (1969) pp.57-68).

On April 15 1650 the Council of State ordered Mr Pentlow, a justice of the peace for Northamptonshire to proceed against 'the Levellers in those parts' and to have them tried at the next Quarter Session (see Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1650 (London, 1876) p.106). The Iver Diggers recorded that, nine of the Wellingborough Diggers were arrested and imprisoned in Northampton jail and although no charges could be proved against them the justices refused to release them.

Captain William Thompson, the leader of the failed "Banbury mutiny," was killed in a skirmish close to the community by soldiers loyal to Oliver Cromwell in May 1649. The Banbury mutiny was a mutiny by soldiers in the New Model Army. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ...

Iver, Buckinghamshire

Another colony of Diggers connected to the Surrey and Wellingborough colony was set up in Iver, Buckinghamshire about 14 miles from the Surrey Diggers colony at St George's Hill (see Keith Thomas, 'Another Digger Broadside' Past and Present No.42, (1969) pp.57-68). The Iver Diggers "Declaration of the grounds and Reasons, why we the poor Inhabitants of the Parrish of Iver in Buckinghamshire ..." revealed that there were further Digger colonies in Barnet in Hertfordshire, Enfield in Middlesex, Dunstable in Bedfordshire, Bosworth in Gloucestershire and a further colony in Nottinghamshire. It also revealed that after the failure of the Surrey colony the Diggers had left their children to be cared for by parish funds.

End of the Movement

The Digger colonies, consisting in all of only about 100-200 people throughout England, were finished by 1651; this was no doubt largely due to the concerted efforts of local landowners backed by the Council of State to crush the Digger colonies whenever they arose.

Writings

• The Mysterie of God concerning the whole Creation, Mankind Gerrard Winstanley (1648)
• The Breaking of the Day of God (May 20, 1648)
• The Saints Paradise (Ca. 1648)
• Truth Lifting up its Head above Scandals (1649, Dedication dated October 16, 1648)
• The New Law Of Righteousness (January 26, 1649)
• The True Levellers Standard A D V A N C E D: or, The State of Community opened, and Presented to the Sons of Men William Everard, John Palmer, John South, John Courton. William Taylor, Christopher Clifford, John Barker. Gerrard Winstanley, Richard Goodgroome, Thomas Starre, William Hoggrill, Robert Sawyer, Thomas Eder, Henry Bickerstaffe, John Taylor, &c. (April 20, 1649)
• A DECLARATION FROM THE Poor oppressed People OF ENGLAND, DIRECTED To all that call themselves, or are called Lords of Manors, through this NATION... Gerrard Winstanley, John Coulton, John Palmer, Thomas Star ,Samuel Webb, John Hayman, Thomas Edcer, William Hogrill, Daniel Weeden, Richard Wheeler, Nathaniel Yates, William Clifford, John Harrison, Thomas Hayden, James Hall. James Manley, Thomas Barnard, John South, Robert Sayer, Christopher Clifford, John Beechee, William Coomes, Christopher Boncher, Richard Taylor, Urian Worthington, Nathaniel Holcombe, Giles Childe (senior), John Webb, Thomas Yarwel, William Bonnington. John Ash, Ralph Ayer, John Pra, John Wilkinson, Anthony Spire, Thomas East, Allen Brown, Edward Parret, Richard Gray, John Mordy, John Bachilor, William Childe, William Hatham, Edward Wicher, William Tench.(June 1, 1649).
• , A LETTER TO The Lord Fairfax, AND His Councell of War, WITH Divers Questions to the Lawyers, and Ministers: Proving it an undeniable Equity, That the common People ought to dig, plow, plant and dwell upon the Commons, with-out hiring them, or paying Rent to any. On the behalf of those who have begun to dig upon George-Hill in Surrey. Gerrard Winstanly (June 9, 1649)
• A Declaration of The bloudie and unchristian acting of William Star and John Taylor of Walton (June 22, 1649)
• An Appeal To the House of Commons (July 11, 1649)
• A Watch-Word to the City of London, and the Armie (August 26, 1649)
• To His Excellency the Lord Fairfax and the Counsell of Warre (December 1649)
• To My Lord Generall and his Councell of Warr (December 8, 1649)
• The Decleration and Standard Of the Levellers of EnglandWilliam Everard
• Several Pieces gathered into one volume (1650, Preface dated December 20, 1649)
• A New-yeers Gift FOR THE PARLIAMENT AND ARMIE: SHEWING, What the KINGLY Power is; And that the CAUSE of those They call DIGGERS Gerrard Winstanley (January 1, 1650)
• Englands Spirit Unfoulded (Ca. February or March, 1650)
• A Vindication of those ... called Diggers (March 4, 1650)
• Fire in the Bush (March 19, 1650)
• An Appeale to all Englishmen (March 26, 1650)
• A Letter taken at Wellingborough (March, 1650)
• An Humble Request, to the Ministers of both Universities, and to all Lawyers in every Inns-a-court (April 9, 1650)
• Letter to Lady Eleanor Davies (December 4, 1650)
• The Law Of Freedom in a Platform, or True Magistracy Restored (1652)

Revival of the name Diggers

• 1850s and 1860s a miner on the Australian Goldfields
• 1900s - ANZAC troops in World War I were known as Diggers
• 1960s - Diggers was revived in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco by a radical guerilla theater group offering street theater, information and free food during the hippie movement in 1965–68. They deliberately took their name after consulting unspecified history books relating to the original Diggers of the mid-1600s in England.
• 1974 - Digger was used as the platform name by a candidate for Cambridge in the British General Election.
• 1990s - Explorers of man made underground cavities in former Soviet Union called themseves Diggers, because they have opposed governments policies as did original Diggers in XVII century England.
• 1990s - The Diggers were also a Scottish rock band who released an album and numerous singles on Creation Records in the 1990s. They were associated with the tail end of Britpop.
• 1990s - 'Brighton Diggers' Housing Cooperative in Brighton UK named after the Diggers.

// Production of steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Railroads begin to supplant canals in the United States as a primary means of transporting goods. ... // The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA is built in the six year period between 1863 and 1869. ... // First flight by the Wright brothers, December 17, 1903. ... An ANZAC soldier gives water to a wounded Turk The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (popularly abbreviated as ANZAC) was originally an army corps of Australian and New Zealand troops who fought in World War I at Gallipoli, in the Middle East and on the Western Front. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Digger and Diggers can have a number of different meanings: Australian and New Zealand slang term for a soldier: Digger (soldier) Australian term for a gold miner (on the diggings) during the gold rushes of the 1850s The name of a computer game by Windmill: Digger (computer game) An engineering... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... The Diggers was a radical community-action and guerrilla-theater group from 1966-68, based in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco. ... Categories: US geography stubs | San Francisco neighborhoods ... Singer at a modern Hippie movement in Russia Hippie or Hippy refers to a subgroup of the 1960s and early 1970s counterculture that found its earliest beginnings in the United States, becoming an established social group by 1965 before declining during the mid-1970s. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Geography Status City (1951) Region East of England Admin. ... A general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are up for election. ... MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... At least two different record labels called Creation Records have existed. ... Britpop was a British alternative rock genre and movement that was at its most popular in Great Britain in the mid 1990s. ... The 1990s decade refers to the years from the start of 1990 to the end of 1999. ...

Diggers influence on literature and popular culture

• "The World Turned Upside Down", by Rosselson, Leon - 1975. (A song about the Diggers and their activities on St. George's Hill in 1649) - performed by: Bragg, Billy, Between The Wars EP, 1985; Chumbawamba on English Rebel Songs 1381-1984, 1988; Dick Gaughan on Handful of Earth, 1981; Attila the Stockbroker with Barnstormer on The Siege of Shoreham, 1996; Seattle Celt-rock band Coventry on the album Red Hair and Black Leather, 2005; and Clandestine (band), a Houston based Celtic group on their To Anybody At All album, 1999.
• Winstanley, a fictionalized movie portrait of the Diggers, directed by Brownlow, Kevin. 1975. (Based upon the novel Comrade Jacob by Caute, David.)
• Rev Hammer's Freeborn John (The Story of John Lilburne - The Leader of the Levellers), by Rev Hammer (and company). - Cooking Vinyl CD. London. 1997. (This production is a recent example of the confusion that has been created between the Levellers and True Levellers.)
• Ringolevio (A life played for keeps) by Grogan, Emmett. - Little Brown & Company, 1972. Library of Congress No.78-186970. (The story of the revival of the Diggers in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, California and New York during the mid-1960s. Grogan was one of the leaders of this revival. He sang backup with Ramblin' Jack Elliott on "Mr. Tambourine Man", written by Bob Dylan.)
• Truth lifting up its head above scandals - title track of a CD by the noise duo Coin Gutter. Vanity Records, 2001.
• As Meat Loves Salt by McCann, Maria, Harcourt, 2001 (ISBN 0-15-601226-X) deals in part with the founding and destruction of a fictional Digger colony at Page Common near London.

The Diggers Song (also known as Levellers and Diggers) is a 17th century ballad, in terms of content a protest song concerned with land rights, inspired by the Diggers movement, composed by Gerrard Winstanley. ... Leon Rosselson (b. ... Stephen William Bragg (born December 20, 1957), known as Billy Bragg, is an English musician renowned for his blend of folk, punk-rock, and protest music, and his poetic lyrics dealing with political as well as romantic themes. ... Chumbawamba are an English band who started out playing punk rock but over a 25-year career have gone on to play music in a wide range of styles, including pop influenced by dance music and world music, and now play acoustic folk music. ... English Rebel Songs 1381-1984 is a rerecording of the only a capella album by anarchist punk band Chumbawamba, and their only album made up almost entirely of traditional English songs. ... Dick Gaughan is a Scottish singer-songwriter. ... Attila the Stockbroker (born John Baine, October 12, 1957) is a poet, musician and songwriter from Southwick, West Sussex, England. ... Clandestine is an adjective meaning that its reference is something secret or guerrilla in nature, such as certain activities executed by spies. ... Kevin Brownlow (2 June 1938–) is a film historian, television documentary-maker, and author born in Crowborough, Sussex. ... David John Caute (born 16 December 1936) is a British author, journalist and historian. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Emmett Grogan was one of the founders of the Diggers in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, California who inspired Abbie Hoffman to undertake a similar venture on the Lower East Side of New York City during the mid-1960s. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Official language(s) English Capital  Sacramento Largest city  Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... NY redirects here. ... Ramblin Jack Elliott Ramblin Jack Elliot (born Elliott Charles Adnopoz, August 1, 1931) is an American folk performer. ... Mr. ... Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is a Grammy, Golden Globe and Academy Award-winning American singer-songwriter, author, musician, and poet who has been a major figure in popular music for five decades. ... Maria McCann (born 1956 in Liverpool) is an English novelist. ...

Bibliography

• Hill, Christopher (1972). "Levellers and True Levellers", The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas During the English Revolution. London: Temple Smith. ISBN 0-85117-025-0. 
• Petegorsky, David W. [1940] (1995). Left-wing Democracy in the English Civil War: Gerrard Winstanley and the Digger Movement. Stroud: Alan Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-1053-4. 

John Edward Christopher Hill (February 6, 1912 - February 23, 2003) was an English Marxist historian and the author of many history textbooks. ...

External links

• English Diggers
• Surrey Diggers Trail
• English Dissenters: Diggers
• Chapter IX: The "True" Levellers and Their Practical Communism from Cromwell and Communism by Eduard Bernstein
• 1642-52: Levellers and Diggers in the English Revolution
• An index page at Diggers.org.
• An index page at strecorsoc.org
• The Digger Movement in the Days of the Commonwealth, available at Project Gutenberg.

Project Gutenberg logo Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works via book scanning. ...

Footnotes

1. ^  ^a  The True Levellers Standard A D V A N C E D: or, The State of Community opened, and Presented to the Sons of Men
2. ^ Laurence Clarkson
   • Laurence, Ann, "Two Ranter Poems" (The Review of English Studies, New Series, Vol. 31, No. 121. [February, 1980], 56-59), 57.
   • Vann, Richard T., "The Later Life of Gerrard Winstanley" (Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 26, No. 1. (January - March, 1965), 133-136), 133.
3. ^  A Declaration by the Diggers of Wellingborough - 1650