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Digital intermediate (often abbreviated as DI) describes the process of digitizing a motion picture and manipulating color and other image characteristics to change the look, and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters. It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated but only intended for video and television distribution. A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers and utilizes only digital tools (no analog video devices). For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as...
In the film business, distribution refers to the marketing and circulation of movies in theatres. ...
A typical multiplex (AMC Promenade 16 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California). ...
It has been suggested that multiple sections of 24p be merged into this article or section. ...
Video is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images which represent scenes in motion. ...
Image resolution describes the detail an image holds. ...
A digital system is one that uses discrete numbers, especially binary numbers, or non-numeric symbols such as letters or icons, for input, processing, transmission, storage, or display, rather than a continuous spectrum of values (an analog system). ...
Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording, digital intermediate is also used to describe color grading and final mastering even when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film. This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match or exceed the quality of film origination and film projection. A film scanner is a specialized device made for scanning photographic film, either in standard 35mm format, slides, or medium format. ...
A film recorder is a graphical output device for transferring digital images to photographic film. ...
Color grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture or television image, either electronically, photo-chemically or digitally. ...
Digital cinematography is the process of capturing motion pictures as digital images, rather than on film. ...
This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. ...
35 mm Kinoton movie projector in operation. ...
In traditional photochemical film finishing, an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative. The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters. Color grading is done by varying the amount of red, green, and blue light used to expose it. Color grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture or television image, either electronically, photo-chemically or digitally. ...
The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade, which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image, and allows for the adjustment of image structure (grain, sharpness, etc). The intermediate for film reproduction is then produced by means of a film recorder. The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recoding process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate. A film recorder is a graphical output device for transferring digital images to photographic film. ...
History
Telecine tools to electronically capture film images are nearly as old as broadcast television, but the resulting images were widely considered unsuitable for exposing back onto film for theatrical distribution. Film scanners and recorders with quality sufficient to produce images that could be inter-cut with regular film began appearing in the 1970s, with significant improvements in the late 1980s and early 1990s. During this time digitally processing an entire feature-length film was impractical because the scanners and recorders were extremely slow and the image files were very large compared to computing power at the time. Instead, individual shots or short sequences were processed for special visual effects. The first Hollywood film to utilize a digital intermediate process from beginning to end was O Brother, Where Art Thou? in 2000. The process rapidly caught on and it is anticipated that more than 90% of Hollywood films will go through a digital intermediate in 2006. This is due not only to the extra creative options the process affords film makers but also the need for high-quality scanning and color adjustments to produce movies for digital cinema. Visual effects (vfx) is the term given to a sub-category of special effects in which images or film frames are created or manipulated for film and video. ...
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O Brother, Where Art Thou? is a comedy film written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, set in Mississippi during the Great Depression (specifically, 1937). ...
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Milestones - 1993 – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – First film to be entirely scanned to digital files, manipulated, and recorded back to film. The restoration project was done entirely at 4K resolution and 10-bit color depth using the new Cineon system to digitally remove dirt and scratches and restore faded colors.
- 1998 – Pleasantville – The first time the majority of a new feature film was scanned, processed, and recorded digitally. The black-and-white meets color world portrayed in the movie was filmed entirely in color and selectively desaturated and contrast adjusted digitally.
- 2000 - O Brother, Where Art Thou? – The first time a digital intermediate was used on the entirety of a first-run Hollywood film which otherwise had very few visual effects. The work was done in Los Angeles by Cinesite utilizing a Spirit Datacine for scanning at 2K resolution, a Pandora MegaDef to adjust the color and a Kodak Lightning II recorder to output to film.
- 2004 – Spider-Man 2 – The first digital intermediate on a new Hollywood film to be done entirely at 4K resolution. Although scanning, recording, and color-correction was done at 4K by EFilm, most of the visual effects were created at 2K and were uprezed to 4K.
- 2006 - All 20 of the official James Bond movies are released on DVD as Ultimate Editions, both individually and all together in 'monster box' boxset form. As can be seen in the documentary on the Dr. No Ultimate Edition bonus disc, Lowry restored all the films by digitally scanning the original reels through 4K scanners, then, having restored the images with their suite of proprietary tools and adjusting the colour, the soundtrack for each film was also remastered in 5.1 (Dolby EX and DTS ES). The documentary also features a 'side-by-side' comparison of an original copy of Dr. No, with the restored version played alongside it, and the difference is immediately noticeable. The project took over two and a half years to complete, much longer than their 30-day project to restore the original Star Wars trilogy of movies for their boxset re-release. In one interview [1], John Lowry states that they required 'over 600 Apple computers with a combined storage capacity of 700 Terabytes', scanning over 42 miles of film at 4000x3000 pixels of resolution.
The Rescuers Down Under is the twenty-ninth animated feature in the Disney animated features canon, produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and was released by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Distribution on November 16, 1990. ...
Animation is the filming a sequence of drawings or positions of models to create an illusion of movement. ...
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is the first animated feature in the Disney animated features canon. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of common resolutions. ...
Cineon was the first computer system designed by Kodak for digital intermediate film production. ...
Pleasantville is a New Line Cinema film first released in Canada on September 17, 1998 starring Tobey Maguire, Reese Witherspoon, William H. Macy, Joan Allen, and Jeff Daniels. ...
O Brother, Where Art Thou? is a comedy film written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, set in Mississippi during the Great Depression (specifically, 1937). ...
Eastman Kodak Company (NYSE: EK) is a large multinational public company producing photographic equipment. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards and be more accessible to a general audience, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
EFilm is wholly owned by Deluxe Laboratories. ...
The James Bond 007 gun logo James Bond 007 is a fictional British spy created by writer Ian Fleming in 1952. ...
Service companies EFilm is wholly owned by Deluxe Laboratories. ...
FotoKem originated as a motion picture film development company located in Burbank, CA founded in 1963. ...
Framestore CFC is one of the largest digital film special effects companies in Europe. ...
LaserPacific Media Corporation, part of Kodak, is a post-production facility in Hollywood offering a variety of end-to-end services for the entertainment industry. ...
Logo celebrating Technicolors 90th Anniversary. ...
Software and hardware manufacturers - ARRI - manufactures digital film recorder and scanner
- Autodesk Media and Entertainment - maker of Discreet color grading and FX software
- Celco - manufacturer of film recorders.
- Cintel - manufacturer of film scanners and image manipulation tools
- Colorfront website - color grading and DI systems (acquired by Autodesk in April 2005)
- da Vinci Systems - digital intermediate systems and color grading systems
- Digital Intermediate - digital intermediate software and hardware.
- Digital Vision/Nucoda website
- Filmlight - manufactures film scanners and color grading and compositing software
- Lasergraphics - Film scanning and recording systems for digital intermediate
- Pandora International Ltd. - Real Time Image Processing
- Piranha Cinema DI system website
- DVS - Digital Intermediate equipment manufacturer
- Quantel - Digital Intermediate equipment manufacturer and supplier of a great free DI book
The ARRI Group has been the largest world wide supplier of high quality motion picture film equipment since 1917. ...
Autodesk Media and Entertainment, formerly Discreet , is based in Montreal, Quebec as the entertainment division of Autodesk Inc. ...
Filmlight Limited is a digital cinema technology company started in 2002 by the Scientific and Technical Academy Award-winning former Computer Film Company R&D team. ...
References - Bob Fisher (October 2000). "Escaping from chains". American Cinematographer.
- Holusha, John. "'Snow White' is made over frame by frame and byte by byte", New York Times, June 30, 1993, pp. 5.
- Bob Fisher (November 1998). "Black & white in color". American Cinematographer.
See also Digital film refers to cinema production and performance systems which work by using a digital representation of the brightness and colour of each pixel of the image. ...
Color grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture or television image, either electronically, photo-chemically or digitally. ...
External links - Digital Intermediates For Film and Video - A comprehensive book on the subject.
- Digital Praxis - information on Digital Intermediate, Digital Cinematography and Digital Film.
- Surreal Road Digital - news and articles related to the digital intermediate process.
- DIstudio - electronic newsletter dedicated to news about digital intermediates
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