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In Greek mythology, the Horae (hours) were the three goddesses controlling orderly life. They were daughters of Zeus and Themis. There were two generations of Horae: (note: this does not refer to generation in the traditional sense of the second group being offspring of the first; earlier writers recognized the first generation and later authors subscribed to the second.)
First Generation The first generation consisted of Thallo, Auxo, and Carpo, who were the goddesses of the seasons (the Greeks only recognized spring, summer and winter). In art, the first generation were usually portrayed as young, attractive women surrounded by colourful flowers, and abundant vegetation, or other symbols of fertility. They were worshipped primarily amongst rural farmers throughout Greece. Carpo was in charge of autumn, ripening, and harvesting, as well as guarding the way to Mount Olympus and letting back the clouds surrounding the mountain if one of the gods left. She was an attendant to Persephone, Aphrodite and Hera, and was also associated with Dionysus, Apollo and Pan. Thallo was the goddess of spring and blooming, the bringer of flowers, and became a protector of youth. Auxo is Greek for increaser, and she was worshipped alongside Hegemone in Athens.
Second Generation The second generation comprised Eunomia, Dike and Eirene, who were law and order goddesses who maintained the stability of society. They were worshipped primarily in the cities of Athens, Argos and Olympia. Dike (Greek for justice) was the goddess of moral justice. She ruled over human justice; her mother (Themis) ruled over divine justice. Dike was born a mortal and Zeus placed her on earth to keep mankind just. He quickly learned this was impossible and placed her next to him on Olympus. Eunomia (Greek for good order) was the goddess of law and legislation. The same or a different goddess may have been a daughter of Hermes and Aphrodite. Eirene or Irene (Greek for peace) (the Roman equivalent was Pax) was the personification of peace and wealth, and was depicted in art as a beautiful young woman carrying a cornucopia, scepter and a torch or rhyton. There is also an asteroid 15 Eunomia. |