Dilophosaurus Fossil range: Early Jurassic
Reconstruction of Dilophosaurus wetherelli
Conservation status
Extinct (fossil)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Superorder: Dinosauria Order: Saurischia Suborder: Theropoda Superfamily: Coelophysoidea Family: Dilophosauridae Genus: Dilophosaurus Welles, 1970
Species
D. wetherelli D. breedorum  ?D. sinensis

Dilophosaurus was a theropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Period. The name is pronounced /daɪ'lɒ.fʊ.sʊə(ɹ).ʊs/ ("dy-LOH-fo-sawr-us") meaning 'two-crested lizard', because it had two crests (Greek di meaning 'two', lophos meaning 'crest' and sauros meaning 'lizard') Massive cliffs in Zion Canyon consist of Lower Jurassic formations, including (from bottom to top): the Wingate Sandstone, the Kayenta Formation, and the massive Navajo Sandstone. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x955, 53 KB) Dilophosaurus Author:User:ArthurWeasley File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Extinction Dilophosaurus Wikipedia:WikiProject Dinosaurs/Image review/Archive November 2006 Fauna of Connecticut User... The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive either in the present day or the future. ... FOSSIL is a standard for allowing serial communication for telecommunications programs under DOS. FOSSIL is an acronym for Fido Opus Seadog Standard Interface Layer. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Typical Classes See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... Clades Subclass Anapsida Subclass Diapsida Infraclass Lepidosauromorpha Infraclass Archosauromorpha Sauropsids are a diverse group of mostly egg-laying vertebrate animals. ... Orders Saurischia    Sauropodomorpha    Theropoda Ornithischia Dinosaurs are giant reptiles that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for most of their 165-million year existence. ... Groups Sauropodomorpha    Saturnalia    Prosauropoda    Sauropoda Theropoda    Eoraptor    Herrerasauridae    Ceratosauria    Tetanurae       Aves(extant) Saurischians (from the Greek Saurischia meaning lizard hip) are one of the two orders/branches of dinosaurs. ... Subdivisions ?Eoraptor Herrerasauria Coelophysoidea Ceratosauria Cryolophosaurus Spinosauridae Carnosauria Coelurosauria Theropods (beast foot) are a group of bipedal saurischian dinosaurs. ... Families Coelophysidae Coelophysoids were common dinosaurs of the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic periods. ... Species Zupaysaurus Dilophosaurus Dracovenator Dilophosauridae was a group of Coelophysoid dinosaurs. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Families See text Theropods (beast foot) are a group of bipedal, primarily carnivorous dinosaurs, belonging to the saurischian (lizard-hip) family. ... Orders & Suborders Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Theropoda Ornithischia Thyreophora Ornithopoda Marginocephalia Dinosaurs were vertebrate animals that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for over 160 million years, first appearing approximately 230 million years ago. ... The Jurassic Period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 199. ... A geologic period is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an era into smaller timeframes. ...

Description

Dilophosaurus animatronic model

Dilophosaurus measured around 6 meters (20 ft) long and may have weighed half a ton. Fossils of the animal have been found at the Navajo Indian Reservation, just west of Tuba City, Arizona, USA. Just a few tens of feet below the level of the bones, large footprints of carnivorous dinosaurs were found and these may belong to Dilophosaurus. It lived in the Early Jurassic Period. Dilophosaurus animatronic model at Combe Martin Wildlife and Dinosaur Park, North Devon, England. ... Dilophosaurus animatronic model at Combe Martin Wildlife and Dinosaur Park, North Devon, England. ... Map of the Navajo Nation The Navajo Nation (Dineé in Navajo language) is a Native American sovereignty. ... For the song, see Indian Reservation (song) BIA map of reservations in the United States Tribal sovereignty: Map of the United States, with non-reservation land highlighted. ... Tuba City (Navajo Tó Naneesdizí) is a census-designated place located in Coconino County, Arizona. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... Massive cliffs in Zion Canyon consist of Lower Jurassic formations, including (from bottom to top): the Wingate Sandstone, the Kayenta Formation, and the massive Navajo Sandstone. ... A geologic period is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an era into smaller timeframes. ...

The original description was published in 1954, by the renowned paleontologist Samuel Welles. However, at the time, it was thought to be another genus of theropod (Megalosaurus). In 1970, it was recognized to be distinct and given its own generic name Dilophosaurus. Welles later redescribed the entire taxon in 1984, in a more comprehensive paper. Dilophosaurus may be a primitive member of the clade containing both ceratosaurian and tetanuran theropods. Alternatively, some paleontologists classify this genus as a large coelophysoid. Recent Dilophosaurus 'skin imprints', associated with a set of footprints, seemed to suggest that it had feathers but further study revealed these to be impressions of plant material. Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Samuel Paul Welles (1909 - 1997) was Research Associate at the Museum of Palaeontology, University of California, Berkeley. ... Species Mantell, 1827 (type) Waldmann, 1974  ? (Newton, 1899) = Zanclodon cambrensis Megalosaurus (meaning Great Lizard, from Greek, μεγαλο-/megalo- meaning big, tall or great and σαυρος/sauros meaning lizard) is a genus of large meat-eating theropod dinosaurs of the Middle Jurassic Period (Bathonian) of Europe (Southern England, France, Portugal). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Year 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar). ...

Footprints of Dilophosaurus have been discovered in the Lavini di Marco area, near Rovereto (Trentino, northern Italy), and near Rocky Hill (Connecticut). They are associated with those of Camptosaurus. Rovereto - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Trentino-Alto Adige or Trentino-South Tyrol (in German: Trentino-Südtirol, in Italian: Trentino-Alto Adige) is an autonomous region in northern Italy. ... Rocky Hill is the name of some places in the United States of America: Rocky Hill, Connecticut Rocky Hill, New Jersey Not to be confused with them are: Rock Hill, Missouri Rock Hill, New York Rock Hill, South Carolina This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists... Official language(s) English Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport Largest metro area Hartford Area  Ranked 48th  - Total 5,543[2] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ... Species C. hoggii Owen, 1874 C. dispar (Type) Marsh, 1879 C. prestwichii Hulke, 1880 Camptosaurus (KAMP-to-sawr-us) was a genus of plant-eating, beaked dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic Period. ...

Skull and crests

The most distinctive characteristic of Dilophosaurus was the pair of rounded crests on its skull, probably used for display. Studies by Rob Gay (2001) show that these crests may have been larger in one sex than in the other. Another curious skull feature was a notch behind the first row of teeth, giving it an almost crocodile-like appearance. This "notch" existed by virtue of a weak connection between the premaxillary and maxillary bones of the skull. This conformation led to the early hypothesis that Dilophosaurus scavenged off dead carcasses, with the front teeth being too weak to bring down and hold large prey. A similar notch is present in most other species of coelophysoid. Species See text. ...

Species

There is another species of Dilophosaurus (D. sinensis), which may or may not belong to this genus. It is possibly closer to the bizarre Antarctic theropod Cryolophosaurus, based on the fact that the anterior end of the jugal does not participate in the internal antorbital fenestra and that the maxillary tooth row is completely in front of the orbit and ends anterior to the vertical strut of the lacrimal. This species was recovered from the Yunnan Province of China in 1987, with the prosauropod Yunnanosaurus and later described and named in 1993 by Shaojin Hu. Greek ἀνταρκτικός, opposite the arctic) is a continent surrounding the Earths South Pole. ... Binomial name Cryolophosaurus ellioti Hammer & Hickerson, 1994 Cryolophosaurus (// or //, meaning cold crest lizard) was a large bipedal dinosaur, with a bizarre crest on its head that looked like a Spanish comb. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally south of the clouds) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the far southwestern corner of the country. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Families Plateosauridae (paraphyletic) Plesion Riojasaurus Massospondylidae Yunnanosauridae Prosauropoda or prosauropods were a group of early herbivorous dinosaurs that lived during the Late Triassic and early Jurassic periods. ... Yunnanosaurus is a genus of prosauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ...

In popular culture

Dilophosaurus was featured in the 1993 movie Jurassic Park and in the original novel by Michael Crichton (on which the film was based). In the film version, it had a retractable neck frill around its neck (much like a frill-necked lizard), and was able to spit blinding poison, (much like the spitting cobra) aiming for the eyes to blind and paralyze its prey. There is no evidence to support this representation, which was invented by the author and director to heighten suspense.^{[citation needed]} In the film the director Steven Spielberg reduced its size, from moderately large to about 3 feet tall and 5 feet long. In the novel, the creature was 10 feet tall with no frill and had poisonous saliva that was used in predation by biting or spitting at its prey. It should be noted inthe film the dinosaur portrayed was a very young dinosaur, as Dennis says to it "I thought you were one of your big brothers." In the novel, this trait was discovered by the researchers at Jurassic Park, who planned to remove the glands containing the poison. This plan was not carried out - an autopsy would have been needed to see how to remove the glands, but it would have required killing a Dilophosaurus, which John Hammond, owner of the park, opposed. Jurassic Park is a 1993 science fiction film directed by Steven Spielberg, based on the novel of the same name by Michael Crichton. ... Jurassic Park is a techno-thriller novel written by Michael Crichton that was published in 1990. ... Michael Crichton (born October 23, 1942, pronounced [1]) is an American author, film producer, film director, and television producer. ... Neck frill is the popular term for the parietal, a margin of bone extending from the back of skulls of dinosaurs of the suborder Marginocephalia. ... Binomial name Chlamydosaurus kingii Gray, 1827 The Frill-necked Lizard, or Frilled Lizard also known as the Frilled Dragon, (Chlamydosaurus kingii) is so called because of the large ruff of skin which usually lies folded back against its head and neck. ... Juvenile Red Spitting Cobra, Naja pallida Red Spitting Cobra Spitting cobra refers to any one of several species of cobras that have the ability to spit or eject venom from their mouth when defending themselves against predators. ... Steven Allan Spielberg KBE (born December 18, 1946)[1] is an American film director and producer. ... Post-mortem, postmortem and post mortem redirect here. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...

Jurassic Park merchandise, including toys and video games (such as Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis and the arcade games The Lost World: Jurassic Park and Jurassic Park III), often include Dilophosaurus. Another video game, ParaWorld, features a Dilophosaurus modelled after the ones in Jurassic Park. Yet another dinosaur-themed game, Jurassic Wars, featured a Dilophosaurus, which spat venomous saliva, just as described in the movie. Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis is a video game for the PC, Xbox, and Playstation 2 based on the novel and film series Jurassic Park. ... ParaWorld is a real-time strategy PC game released on September 25, 2006. ...

Dilophosaurus was also featured in the documentary When Dinosaurs Roamed America, killing an Anchisaurus and scaring off a pack of Megapnosaurus. When Dinosaurs Roamed America is a two-hour American nature documentary first aired on Discovery Channel in 2001. ... Species Type specimen: (Hitchcock, 1865) Other specimens: (Marsh, 1889) Anchisaurus (ANG-kee-sawr-us) meaning near lizard, because it resembled its reptilian ancestors and was an early dinosaur (Greek anchi = near + sauros = lizard) is a genus of dinosaurs. ... Species (type) Synonyms Syntarsus Raath, 1969 Megapnosaurus (big dead lizard) was a dinosaur of the theropod family coelophysidae, formerly called Syntarsus (named by Raath, 1969). ...

On Married with Children, the dilophosaur is mentioned. In episode 807 (Take My Wife, Please), Al has a dinosaur costume on while answering Trick-Or-Treaters on Halloween. When one boy dressed as a dilophosaur is at the door, he tells Al he is "the one that spits." Married. ...

On an episode of Family Guy, Peter has a toy idea called Facts of LifeTransformers that features The Facts of Life characters who transform into animals "I got another one where Natalie turns into one of those spittin' lizards from Jurassic Park". Family Guy is an Emmy award winning American animated television series about a nuclear family in the fictional town of Quahog (IPA or ), Rhode Island. ... The Facts of Life was an American sitcom which ran on the NBC network from 1979 to 1988. ... Transformer or Transformers may refer to: Transformer, an electrical device Transformer (album), Lou Reeds 1972 rock album Transformers (myth) of Pacific Northwest native myth The fictional Transformers Universe: Transformers (toyline), a line of toys Transformers category in Wikipedia Transformers Universes Transformers series, television series Transformers (original cartoon) (Aired from... The Facts of Life was an American sitcom which ran on the NBC network from 1979 to 1988. ...

References

• Gay, R. (2001). "Evidence for sexual dimorphism in the Early Jurassic theropod dinosaur, Dilophosaurus and a comparison with other related forms". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21(3): 53A. 
• Gay, R. (2001). "New specimens of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona". Western Association of Vertebrate Paleontologists annual meeting volume Mesa, Arizona. 
• Hu, Shaojin (1993). "A note on a double-crested dragon (Dilophosaurus) fossil discovered in Jinning County, Yunnan Province." Gu Jizhui Dongwu Xuebao = Vertebr. PalAsiatica, 31 i.
• Welles, S. P. (1954). "New Jurassic dinosaur from the Kayenta formation of Arizona". Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 65: 591-598. 
• Welles, S. P. (1984). "Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda), osteology and comparisons." Palaeontogr. Abt. A: Paläozool., Stratigr., 185, 85-180.

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