Sucrose, or common table sugar, is composed of glucose and fructose.

Image File history File links Saccharose. ... Image File history File links Saccharose. ... Sucrose (common name: table sugar, also called saccharose) is a disaccharide (glucose + fructose) with the molecular formula C12H22O11. ...

Chemistry

In chemistry, a dimer refers to a molecule composed of two similar subunits or monomers linked together. It is a special case of a polymer. It can refer to halide chemistry, involving halogen bonding. Its more common usage refers to dimers as certain types of sugar: sucrose, for example, is a dimer of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule. Chemistry (from Greek χημεία khemeia[1] meaning alchemy) is the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms, such as molecules, crystals, and metals. ... In chemistry, a molecule is an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by special forces. ... In chemistry, a monomer (from Greek mono one and meros part) is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer. ... Polymer is a term used to describe large molecules consisting of repeating structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds. ... Magnification of typical sugar In non-scientific use, the term sugar means sucrose, also called table sugar or saccharose, a white crystalline solid disaccharide. ... Sucrose (common name: table sugar, also called saccharose) is a disaccharide (glucose + fructose) with the molecular formula C12H22O11. ... Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is one of the most important carbohydrates in biology. ... Fructose (or levulose) is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) found in many foods and is one of the three most important blood sugars along with glucose and galactose. ...

A physical dimer is a term that designates the case where intermolecular interaction brings two identical molecules closer together than other molecules. There are no covalent bonds between the physical dimer molecules. Acetic acid is such a case where hydrogen bonds provide the interaction. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. ... Snapshot from a simulation of liquid water. ...

Biochemistry

In biochemistry and molecular biology, dimers of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids are often observed. The dimerization of identical subunits is called homodimerization, the dimerization of different subunits or unrelated monomers is called heterodimerization. Most dimers in biochemistry are not connected by covalent bonds with the exception of disulfide bridges. An example of this would be the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is made of two different amino acid chains. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. ... Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level. ... A macromolecule is a large molecule with a large molecular mass, but generally the use of the term is restricted to polymers and molecules which structurally include polymers. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Schematic diagram of a double-stranded nucleic acid. ... In chemistry, a monomer (from Greek mono one and meros part) is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A disulfide bond (SS-bond), also called a disulfide bridge, is a strong covalent bond between two sulfhydryl groups. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The general structure of an amino acid molecule, with the amine group on the left and the carboxyl group on the right. ...

External links

• Reverse transcriptase
• Homo and hetero dimeric proteins

Examples

• Nucleic acids:
  • DNA
• Proteins:
  • Antibodies
  • Protein kinases:
    • Receptor tyrosine kinases
  • Transcription factors
    • Leucine zipper motif proteins
    • Nuclear receptors
  • 14-3-3 proteins
  • G protein-coupled receptors
  • G protein βγ-subunit dimer
  • Kinesin
  • Triosephosphateisomerase (TIM)
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase
  • Factor XI
  • Factor XIII
  • Toll-like receptor
  • Fibrinogen

Schematic diagram of a double-stranded nucleic acid. ... The general structure of a section of DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of a cellular form of life or a virus. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Schematic of antibody binding to an antigen An antibody or immunoglobulin is a large Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. ... A protein kinase is an enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation). ... The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family of cell surface receptors shows a high affinity to numerous growth signals. ... In molecular biology, a transcription factor is a protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region or site, where it regulates transcription. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Nuclear receptors are a class of intracellular receptors which function as ligand activated transcription factors which up or down regulate the expression of genes. ... 14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules expressed in all eukaryotic cells. ... Figure 1. ... G-proteins, short for guanine nucleotide binding proteins, are a family of proteins involved in second messenger cascades. ... Kinesins typically consist of two large globular heads that allow attachment to microtubules, a central coiled region, and a region termed light-chain, which connects the kinesin to the intracellular component to be moved. ... Triose-phosphate isomerase (TIM), is an enzyme (EC 5. ... Alcohol Dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the conversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones. ... Factor XI or plasma thromboplastin antecent is one of the enzymes ( EC 3. ... Factor XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor is an enzyme (EC 2. ... Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type I transmembrane proteins that serve as a key part of the innate immune system. ... Fibrin is a protein involved in the clotting of blood. ...

See also

• Monomer
• Trimer
• Oligomer
• Polymer