Dimitrie Cantemir (-Romanian, Дмитрий Кантемир in Russian, Kantemiroğlu in Turkish, Kantymir in Polish), (October 26, 1673 - 1723) was a Moldavian Voivode (Prince; March-April 1693 and 1710-1711), philosopher, historian, composer, linguist and scholar. October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... Events The English Test Act was passed. ... Events February 16 - Louis XV of France attains his majority Births February 24 - John Burgoyne, British general (d. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... For the heavy metal music band see Voivod (band). ... Categories: Lists of office-holders | Rulers of Moldavia | History of Romania ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... // Events April 10 - The worlds first copyright legislation became effective, Britains Statute of Anne Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Births January 3 - Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (d. ... // Events February 24 - The London premiere of Rinaldo by George Friderich Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage. ...

Dimitrie Cantemir

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Life and family

Born on October 26, 1673 in Silişteni as the son of Moldavian Voivode Constantin Cantemir (and brother to Antioh Cantemir, himself Prince), from the boyar family of Cantemir (lower Moldavian nobility). His mother, Ana Bantăş, was a learned and enlightened woman of noble origins. (However, not satisfied with his status, Cantemir later forged his paternal ancestry and pretended to descend from a Khan Temir, an early 17th century khan of the Bugeac Tatars - see Moldavian Magnate Wars.) His education began at home, where he learned Greek and Latin and acquired a profound knowledge of the classics. Between 1688 and 1710 he lived in forced exile in Istanbul, where he learned Turkish and studied the history of the Ottoman Empire at the Patriarchy's Greek Academy, where he also composed music. In 1693 he succeeded his father as Prince of Moldavia - in name only, as the Ottomans appointed Constantin Duca; his bid for the throne was successful only in 1710. October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... Events The English Test Act was passed. ... Constantin Cantemir was a Moldavian voivode between 25 June 1685 and 27 March 1693. ... Antioh Cantemir, son of Constantin Cantemir and brother of Dimitrie Cantemir (not to be confused with Antiokh Dmitrievich Kantemir, Dimitries son), was a Moldavian Voivode (Prince) between December 18, 1695 and September 12, 1700, and again from February 23, 1705 to July 31, 1707. ... A boyar (also spelt bojar; Romanian: boier) was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Russian and Romanian aristocracy, second only to the ruling princes, from the 10th through the 17th century. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Khan (sometimes spelled as xan, han) is a title meaning ruler in Mongolian and Turkish. ... Budjak, Budzhak, or Buchak (Ukrainian: Буджак [Budžak], Romanian: Bugeac, Turkish: Bucak) is the southern part of Bessarabia, now part of Odesa region of Ukraine. ... Tatar dance - Tatar (left) fighting with the soldier of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (right). ... The Moldavian Magnate Wars refer to the period at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century when the magnates of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia, clashing with the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire for domination of the territory. ... Latin is an Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... // Events April 10 - The worlds first copyright legislation became effective, Britains Statute of Anne Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Births January 3 - Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (d. ... Shows the Location of the Province Ä°stanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul; a contraction of Greek εις την πολιν into the city, the former Constantinople, Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox communion. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ...

He had ruled only for less than a year when he joined Peter the Great in his campaign against the Ottoman Empire (see Russo-Turkish War, 1710-1713) and placed Moldavia under Russian suzerainty. Defeated by the Turks, Cantemir sought refuge to Russia, where he and his family finally settled. There, he was awarded the title of Prince of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great and received the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire from Charles VI. He died at his estate, to the north of Kharkov, in 1723 (the very day he was awarded the Roman-German princely title). Portrait of Peter by Paul Delaroche Peter I (Russian: ) (10 June 1672–8 February 1725 [30 May 1672– 28 January 1725 O.S.] ) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... Russo-Turkish War of 1710-1713, a war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, which started after the Russians had defeated the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava. ... Suzerainty refers to a situation in which a region or people is a tributary to a more powerful entity which allows the tributary some limited domestic autonomy but controls its foreign affairs. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Coats of arms of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire This page is about the Germanic empire. ... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Charles VI of Austria (October 1, 1685 – October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740 and the second son of Leopold I with his third wife, Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg, came first to the throne with the name Charles III of... Kharkov (rus: Ха́рьков) or Kharkiv (ukr: Ха́рків) is the second largest city in Ukraine, a center of Kharkivska oblast. It is situated in the northeast of the country and has a population of two million. ...

Cantemir's children were rather prominent in Russian history. His elder daughter Maria (1700-1754) attracted the attention of Peter the Great who allegedly planned to divorce his wife Catherine and marry her. Upon Catherine's ascension to the throne, she was forced to enter a convent. His son Antioh Cantemir (Antiokh Dmitrievich in Russian) (1708-1744) was also the Russian ambassador to London and Paris, a prominent satirical poet, and Voltaire's friend. Another son, Constantin (Konstantin Dmitrievich; 1703-1747), was implicated in the Galitzine conspiracy against Empress Anne and exiled to Siberia. Finally, Dimitrie's younger daughter Smaragda (1720-61), the wife of Prince Dmitriy M. Galitzine, was a friend of Empress Elizabeth and one of the great beauties of her time. Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... H.I.M. Ekaterina I, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias Catherine I (In Russian: Екатерина I Алексеевна) (April 15, 1683/1684 – May 17, 1727), the second wife of Peter the Great, reigned as Empress of Russia from 1725 until her death. ... // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J... // Events The third French and Indian War, known as King Georges War, breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia The First Saudi State founded by Mohammed Ibn Saud Prague occupied by Prussian armies Ongoing events War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Births January 10 - Thomas Mifflin, fifth President... London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... The tone of this article is inappropriate for an encyclopedia. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape... Peter I permitted the Galitzines to take an emblem of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as their coat of arms The Galitzines, more correctly the Golitsyns (Russian: Голицын), are one of the largest and noblest princely houses of Russia. ... H.I.M. Anna Ioannovna, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias, Duchess of Courland Anna Ioannovna (In Russian: Анна Иоанновна) (February 7, 1693 - October 28, 1740) reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. ... Siberia Siberia (Russian: , common English transliterations: Sibir’, Sibir; from the Tatar for “sleeping land”) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. ... H.I.M. Yelizaveta Petrovna, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias (1709-62) Yelizaveta (Yelisavet) Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́т) Петро́вна) (December 29, 1709 - January 5, 1762), also known as Elizabeth, was an Empress of Russia (1741 - 1762) who took the country into the War of Austrian succession (1740 - 1748) and the Seven Years...

Works

History, geography, philosophy and linguistics

In 1714 Cantemir became a member of the Royal Academy of Berlin. Between 1711 and 1719 he wrote his most important creations. Cantemir was known as one of the greatest linguists of his time, speaking and writing eleven languages, and being well versed in Oriental scholarship. He was a voluminous and original writer of great sagacity and deep penetration, and his writings range over many subjects. // Events August 1 - George, elector of Hanover becomes King George I of Great Britain. ... // Basic Information Berlin â–¶(?), IPA: , is the capital of Germany and its largest city; the city is now home to 3. ... // Events February 24 - The London premiere of Rinaldo by George Friderich Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage. ... // Events January 23 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire April 25 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe June 10 - Battle of Glen Shiel Prussia conducts Europes first systematic census Miners in Falun, Sweden find an apparently petrified body of Fet-Mats Israelsson in an unused...

The best known is his History of the Growth and Decay of the Ottoman Empire. This volume circulated throughout Europe in manuscript for a number of years. It was finally printed in 1734 in London (an edition and later it was translated and printed in Germany and France). It remained the seminal work on the Ottoman Empire up to the middle of the 19th century - notably, it was used as reference by Edward Gibbon for his The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Afterwards, the work was largely contested, for some of its sources were doubtful. Europe forms the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... A manuscript (Latin manu scriptus, written by hand), strictly speaking, is any written document that is put down by hand, in contrast to being printed or reproduced some other way. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Edward Gibbon (1737-1794). ... The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, a major literary achievement of Eighteenth Century, was written by the English historian, Edward Gibbon. ...

In 1714, at the request of the Royal Academy in Berlin, Cantemir wrote the first geographical, ethnographical and economic description of Moldavia, Descriptio Moldaviae. As many of his books it circulated first in manuscript and was only later published in Germany (first in 1769 in a geographical magazine, and then in 1771 the first edition as a book). Around the same time he prepared a manuscript map of Moldavia, the first real map of the country. It contained a lot of geographical detail as well as administrative information. Printed in 1737 in the Netherlands and has been used by all cartographers of the time as an inspiration for their own maps of Moldavia. // Events August 1 - George, elector of Hanover becomes King George I of Great Britain. ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Events 12 February — The San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated. ...

He also wrote a history of Oriental music, which is no longer extant; the first critical history of Romania as a whole, under the name of Hronicul vechimii a romano-moldo-valahilor - aprox. "Chronicle of the durabality of Romans-Moldavians-Wallachians"; the cryptic novel Historia Hieroglyphica, to which he furnished a key, and in which the principal persons are represented by animals; also the history of the two Wallachian ruling houses of Brâncoveanu (see Craioveşti) and Cantacuzino (here, unfortunately for his reputation, Cantemir extensively forged and mystified); and a philosophical treatise, the book written in Romanian, also in Greek, translated into Arabic, under the title Divanul sau Gâlceava Înţeleptului cu lumea sau Giudeţul sufletului cu trupul; in French: Le divan ou la dispute du sage avec le monde ou le jugement de l'âme avec le corps; in English The Divan or The Wise Man's Parley with the World or The Judgement of the Soul with the Body. Generally a chronicle (Latin chronica) is historical account of facts and events in chronological order. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that existed in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East between 753 BC and its downfall in AD 476. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... The Cantacuzino family is an old boyar family of Wallachia which gets its roots from the Byzantine Emperor John VI Cantacuzenus. ... The Arabic language (; , less formally, ) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Musicology

A well-trained performer and composer of Ottoman music, Cantemir was also one of the most remarkable theoricians of it. His book, Kitâbu 'Ilmi'l-Mûsikí alâ Vechi'l-Hurûfât ("The Book of the Science of Music through Letters") (in Ottoman Turkish) not only deals with melodic and rhythmic structure and practice of Ottoman music, but also hosts several works composed during and before the time of the author, as well as his own, in an alphabetical notation system he invented, thus preserving numerous otherwise would be lost musical work to day. The publishing place and date are: Iaşi, 1698. A composer is a person who writes music. ... Ottoman Turkish is the variant of the Turkish language which was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire, containing extensive borrowings from Persian, which in turn had been permeated with Arabic borrowings. ... IaÅŸi (also known as Jassy) is a city and a county (see IaÅŸi County) in north-eastern Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia. ... Events January 4 - Palace of Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. ...

The most recent publication of his abovementioned work, reprint along with complete transcription and explanations, is:

"Kantemiroğlu, Kitâbu 'İlmi'l-Mûsiki alâ Vechi'l-Hurûfât, Mûsikiyi Harflerle Tesbit ve İcrâ İlminin Kitabı", Yalçın Tura, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, Istanbul 2001, ISBN: 975-08-0167-9 Shows the Location of the Province Ä°stanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul; a contraction of Greek εις την πολιν into the city, the former Constantinople, Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... The International Standard Book Number, or ISBN (sometimes pronounced is-ben), is a unique identifier for books, intended to be used commercially. ...

Romanian historian and musicologist Eugenia Popescu-Judetz has numerous works on Cantemir, the most recent of which being a monograph (in English, also translated into Turkish): One of the most famous quotations about history and the value of studying history by Spanish philosopher, George Santayana, reads: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

"Prince Dimitrie Cantemir, Theorist and Composer of Turkish Music", Eugenia Popescu-Judetz, Pan Yayıncılık, Istanbul 1999, ISBN: 975-7652-82-2 Shows the Location of the Province Ä°stanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul; a contraction of Greek εις την πολιν into the city, the former Constantinople, Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) is a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... The International Standard Book Number, or ISBN (sometimes pronounced is-ben), is a unique identifier for books, intended to be used commercially. ...

External links

• Genealogy of the Cantemir family
• Music of Cantemir

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...