Dinitrogen pentoxide
General
Systematic name	nitrogen(V) oxide
Other names	dinitrogen pentoxide, dnpo
Molecular formula	N2O5
Molar mass	108.01 g mol−1
Appearance	white solid
CAS number	[10102-03-1] [1]
Properties
Density and phase	? g cm−3, solid
Solubility in water	decomp. to HNO3
in chloroform	soluble
Melting point	41 °C (under pressure to suppress sublimation)
Boiling point	decomposes
Structure
Coordination geometry	linear at NO2 and planar at NO3
Crystal structure	?
Dipole moment	? D
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
Main hazards	strong oxidizer, creates strong acid in contact with water
NFPA 704	Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1100x756, 157 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Nitrogen oxide Dinitrogen pentoxide ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1100x661, 37 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Dinitrogen pentoxide ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per volume. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... Water (H2O, HOH) is the most abundant molecule on Earth, composing 70-75% of the Earths surface as liquid and solid state in addition to being found in the atmosphere as a vapor. ... Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane and methyl trichloride, is a chemical compound with formula CHCl3. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid at a given pressure. ... The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern formed by its neighbors in a molecule or a crystal. ... Rose des Sables (Sand Rose), formed of gypsum crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... The Earths magnetic field, which is approximately a dipole. ... The debye (symbol: D) is a non-SI and non-CGS unit of electrical dipole moment. ... A material safety data sheet or MSDS is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association. ... Image File history File links NFPA_704. ... 1 2 2
Flash point	n/a
R/S statement	?
RTECS number	?
Supplementary data page
Structure & properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid
UV-vis data	UV, 204, 213, 258 nm (pi-->pi*) 378 and 384 nm
IR data	IR, 1428, 1266, 1249, 1206, 1044, 822, 750, 546, and 454 cm-1
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Dinitrogen pentoxide is the binary nitrogen oxide N₂O₅, also known as nitrogen pentoxide. This unstable and potentially dangerous oxidizer was once of interest as a reagent for nitrations but it has largely been superseded by NO₂BF₄, which is more stable and effects the same reactions. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture with air. ... Risk and Safety Statements, also known as R/S statements, R/S numbers, R/S phrases, and R/S sentences, is a system of hazard codes and phrases for labeling dangerous chemicals and compounds. ... RTECS, also known as Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, is a database of toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature that is available for charge. ... The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ...

N₂O₅ exists as colorless crystals that sublime at 32.4 °C. The salt decomposes at room temperature into NO₂ and O₂. ^[2] [1] R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , , Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ...

Syntheses

N₂O₅ was first reported by Deville in 1840, who prepared this species by treating AgNO₃ with Cl₂.

The recommended laboratory synthesis entails the dehydration of nitric acid (HNO₃) with phosphorus(V) oxide:^[3] The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), otherwise known as aqua fortis or spirit of nitre, is a colorless, corrosive liquid, a toxic acid which can cause severe burns. ...

P₄O₁₀ + 12 HNO₃ ⇌ 4 H₃PO₄ + 6 N₂O₅

Structure

The structure of N₂O₅ in the solid state reveals separated, linear NO₂⁺ and planar NO₃⁻ ions. Thus, the solid could be called nitronium nitrate. Both nitrogen centers have oxidation states V. General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 14. ...

The intact molecule O₂N-O-NO₂ does exist in the gas phase (obtained by subliming N₂O₅) and when the solid is extracted into the nonpolar solvent CCl₄. In the gas phase, the O-N-O and N-O-N angles are 133° and 114°, respectively. When gaseous N₂O₅ is cooled rapidly ("quenched"), one can obtain the metastable molecular form, which exothermically converts to the ionic form above -70 °C.^{[4] [5]}

N₂O₅ Lewis Structure:

Lewis structures, also called electron-dot structures or electron-dot diagrams, are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. ... Image File history File links N2o5. ...

Reactions and applications

Dinitrogen pentoxide reacts with water to produce nitric acid (HNO₃), as such nitrogen pentoxide is the anhydride of nitric acid. The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), otherwise known as aqua fortis or spirit of nitre, is a colorless, corrosive liquid, a toxic acid which can cause severe burns. ...

Dinitrogen pentoxide sometimes used as a source of the NO₂ functionality, often using it as a solution in chloroform: Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane and methyl trichloride, is a chemical compound with formula CHCl3. ...

N₂O₅ + R-H ⇌ HNO₃ + R-NO₂

F⁻ has been reported as a proton acceptor to neutralize the HNO₃ coproduct.

N₂O₅ is of interest for the preparation of explosives.^[6]

Chemistry of NO₂BF₄

The reactive portion of N₂O₅ is the cation NO₂⁺. NO₃⁻ is unreactive kinetically. Thus, when the NO₃⁻ portion of N₂O₅ is replaced with BF₄⁻, the high reactivity of NO₂⁺ is retained. The great advantage of NO₂BF₄ is that it is stable thermally (up to 180 °C where it decomposes to NO₂F and BF₃). NO₂BF₄ has been used to nitrate a variety of organic compounds, especially arenes and heterocycles. Interestingly, the reactivity of the NO₂⁺ can be further enhanced with strong acids that generate the super-electrophile HNO₂²⁺. An electrostatic potential map of the nitrate ion. ...

Hazards

N₂O₅ is a strong oxidizer and could form explosive mixtures with organic compounds and ammonium salts. The decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide produces the highly toxic nitrogen dioxide, signaled by the appearance of its characteristic reddish-brown color.

References

1. ↑  "Nitrogen(V) Oxide" in "Inorganic Syntheses" McGraw-Hill, vol. III, pages 78-81, 1950.
2. ↑  Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001.
3. ↑  http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/chemical/pimg017
4. ↑  Greenwood, N.N. and A. Earnshaw. "Chemistry of the Elements" 2nd Ed., pp. Boston, Mass.: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.
5. ↑  Talawar, M. B.; Sivabalan, R.; Polke, B. G.; Nair, U. R.; Gore, G. M.; Asthana, S. N. "Establishment of Process Technology for the Manufacture of Dinitrogen Pentoxide and its Utility for the Synthesis of Most Powerful Explosive of Today--CL-20", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005, vol. 124, pages 153-64

External links

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