Diogenes was a soldier, possibly a Greek or Hellenized mercenary, in the service of the Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BCE). He appears in Josephus's work Antiquities of the Jews. In revenge for the support of certain Pharisees for Demetrius III of Syria's invasion of Judea, Diogenes advised Alexander to crucify 800 Pharisee scholars and murder their families before their eyes. Following Alexander's death, his widow and successor Salome Alexandra, probably at the urging of her brother Simeon ben Shetach, had Diogenes put to death. The term Hellenistic (established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droysen) in the history of the ancient world is used to refer to the shift from a culture dominated by ethnic Greeks, however scattered geographically, to a culture dominated by Greek-speakers of whatever ethnicity, and from the political dominance... A mercenary is a soldier who fights, or engages in warfare primarily for private gain, usually with little regard for ideological, national or political considerations. ... The Hasmonean Kingdom (pronunciation) in ancient Judea and its ruling dynasty from 140 BC to 37 BC was established under the leadership of Simon Maccabaeus, two decades after Judah the Maccabee defeated the Seleucid army in 165 BC. Origin of the Hasmonean dynasty The origin of the Hasmonean dynasty is... Coin of Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BC). ... Josephus (c. ... Antiquities of the Jews was a work published by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus in the year A.D. 93. ... The Pharisees (from the Hebrew perushim, from parash, meaning to separate) were, depending on the time, a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 BCE–70 CE). ... Coin of Demetrius Aniketos. ... Desert hills in southern Judea, looking east from the town of Arad Judea or Judaea (יהודה Praise, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ) is a term used for the mountainous southern part of historic Palestine, an area now divided between Israel and the West Bank, and, in a few geographical definitions of Judea... Religious depictions of the crucifixion of Jesus typically show him supported by nails through the palms. ... Salome Alexandra (her Hebrew name was most likely Shlamtzion (or Shlomtzion). ... Simeon ben Shetach or Shimon ben Shetach (c. ...
Diogenes the Cynic) to openly flout the customary conventions and proprieties.
Diogenes was born in Sinope, in Pontus (an Ionian Greek colony on the Southern Shores of the Black Sea, in present-day Turkey.) His father,
Diogenes the Cynics became a religious order without a religion; they made a rule of poverty, lived on alms, tempered their celibacy with promiscuity, and opened schools of philosophy.
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