Western Philosophy Ancient philosophy
Diogenes by John William Waterhouse, depicting his lamp, tub, and diet of onions.
Name This page lists some links to ancient philosophy, although for Western thinkers prior to Socrates, see Pre-Socratic philosophy. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Waterhouse-Diogenes. ... John William Waterhouse. ...	Diogenes (Διογένης ὁ Σινωπεύς)
Birth	ca. 412 BC Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC Decades: 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC - 410s BC - 400s BC 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 417 BC 416 BC 415 BC 414 BC 413 BC - 412 BC - 411 BC 410 BC 409...
Death	323 BC On his way from Ecbatana to Babylon, Alexander the Great fights and crushes the Cossaeans. ...
School/tradition	Classical Greek, Cynicism Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inquiry. ... This article is about the ancient Greek school of philosophy. ...
Main interests	Asceticism This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Influences	Antisthenes Portrait bust of Antisthenes Antisthenes (Greek: , c. ...
Influenced	The Stoics, Peter Sloterdijk Stoicism is a school of philosophy commonly associated with such Greek philosophers as Zeno of Citium, Cleanthes, or Chrysippus and with such later Romans as Cicero, Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, and Epictetus. ... Peter Sloterdijk Peter Sloterdijk (born June 26, 1947 in Karlsruhe, Germany) is a philosopher. ...

Diogenes (Greek: Διογένης ὁ Σινωπεύς Diogenes o Sinopeus) "the Cynic", Greek philosopher, was born in Sinope (modern day Sinop, Turkey) about 412 BC (according to other sources 399 BC), and died in 323 BC at Corinth. Details of his life come in the form of anecdotes ("chreia") from Diogenes Laërtius, in his book Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers. This article is about the ancient Greek school of philosophy. ... A philosopher is a person who thinks deeply regarding people, society, the world, and/or the universe. ... Sinope was an ancient city on the Black Sea, in the region of Galatia, modern-day Sinop, Turkey. ... Sinop (from Hittite: Sinuwa, in Greek: Σινώπη/Sinope) is a city with a population of 47,000 on Boztepe cape and peninsula which is situated on the most northern edge of the Turkish side of Black Sea coast, in the ancient region of Paphlagonia, in modern-day northern Turkey, historically known... Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC Decades: 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC - 410s BC - 400s BC 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 417 BC 416 BC 415 BC 414 BC 413 BC - 412 BC - 411 BC 410 BC 409... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC 400s BC - 390s BC - 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC Years: 404 BC 403 BC 402 BC 401 BC 400 BC - 399 BC - 398 BC 397 BC... On his way from Ecbatana to Babylon, Alexander the Great fights and crushes the Cossaeans. ... Corinth, or Korinth (Greek: Κόρινθος, Kórinthos; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a Greek city-state, on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece. ... Diogenes Laërtius, the biographer of the Greek philosophers, is supposed by some to have received his surname from the town of Laerte in Cilicia, and by others from the Roman family of the Laërtii. ... Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers is a biography of the Greek philosophers by Diogenes Laërtius. ...

Diogenes of Sinope is said to have been a disciple of Antisthenes, who (according to Plato's Phaedo) was present at the death of Socrates. Diogenes, a beggar who made his home in the streets of Athens, made a virtue of extreme poverty. He taught contempt for human achievements and a return to animalism. His was a relentless campaign to debunk social values and institutions. Portrait bust of Antisthenes Antisthenes (Greek: , c. ... For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation). ... Platos Phaedo (IPA: , Greek: Φαίδων, Phaidon) is one of the great dialogues of his middle period, along with the Republic and the Symposium. ... This page is about the Classical Greek philosopher. ... This article is about the capital of Greece. ...

Dog theme

Many anecdotes of Diogenes refer to his doglike behavior, and his praise of a dog's virtues. It is not known whether Diogenes was insulted with the epithet "doggish" and made a virtue of it, or whether he first took up the dog theme himself. The modern terms cynic and cynical derive from the Greek word kynikos, the adjective form of kyon, meaning dog ^[1]. Diogenes believed human beings live artificially and hypocritically and would do well to study the dog. Besides performing natural bodily functions in public without unease, a dog will eat anything, and make no fuss about where to sleep. Dogs live in the present without anxiety, and have no use for the pretensions of abstract philosophy. In addition to these virtues, dogs are thought to know instinctively who is friend and who is foe. Unlike human beings who either dupe others or are duped, dogs will give an honest bark at the truth. This article is about the ancient Greek school of philosophy. ... In grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or pronoun (called the adjectives subject), giving more information about what the noun or pronoun refers to. ...

Diogenes was a self-appointed public scold whose mission was to demonstrate to the ancient Greeks that civilization is regressive. He taught by living example that wisdom and happiness belong to the man who is independent of society. Diogenes scorned not only family and political social organization, but property rights and reputation. The most shocking feature of his philosophy is his rejection of normal ideas about human decency. Performance artist, exhibitionist and philosopher, Diogenes is said to have eaten (and masturbated) in the marketplace, urinated on the man who insulted him, defecated in the amphitheatre, and pointed at people with his middle finger. Sympathizers considered him a devotee of reason and an exemplar of honesty. Detractors have said he was an obnoxious ragpicker and an offensive churl. The Colosseum in Rome, Italy. ... This article is about the vulgar gesture. ...

Despite having apparently nothing but disdain for Plato and his abstract philosophy, Diogenes bears striking resemblance to the character of Socrates. He shared Socrates' belief that he could function as doctor to men's souls and improve them morally, while at the same time holding contempt for their obtuseness. For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation). ... This page is about the Classical Greek philosopher. ...

Life

In Athens

One of the most important anecdotes about Diogenes suggests that he was exiled from Sinope for "adulterating the coinage". In his new home, Athens, Diogenes' mission became the metaphorical adulterating/debasing of the "coinage" of custom. Custom, he alleged, was the false coin of human morality. Instead of being troubled by what is really evil, people make a big fuss over what is merely conventionally evil. This distinction between nature ("physis") and custom ("nomos") is a favorite theme of ancient Greek philosophy, and one that Plato takes up in The Republic, in the legend of the Ring of Gyges. This article is about the capital of Greece. ... This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary using the Transwiki process. ... Nomos (plural: Nomoi) can refer to: the prefectures of Greece, the administrative division immediately below the peripheries of Greece (Greek: νομός, νομοί) the subdivisions of Ancient Egypt, see Nome (subnational division) law (Greek: νόμος, νόμοι). It is the origin of the suffix -onomy. ... Plato. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gyges of Lydia. ...

Diogenes is alleged to have gone to Athens with a slave named Manes who abandoned him shortly thereafter. With characteristic humour, Diogenes dismissed his ill fortune by saying, "If Manes can live without Diogenes, why not Diogenes without Manes?" Diogenes would be consistent in making fun of such a relation of extreme dependency. He would particularly find the master, who could do nothing for himself, contemptibly helpless. Attracted by the ascetic teaching of Antisthenes, a student of Socrates, Diogenes became his pupil, despite the brutality with which he was received, and rapidly surpassed his master both in reputation and in the austerity of his life. Unlike the other citizens of Athens, he avoided earthly pleasures. This attitude was grounded in a great disdain for what he perceived as the folly, pretense, vanity, social climbing, self-deception, and artificiality of much human conduct. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Portrait bust of Antisthenes Antisthenes (Greek: , c. ...

The stories told of Diogenes illustrate the logical consistency of his character. He inured himself to the vicissitudes of weather by living in a tub belonging to the temple of Cybele. He destroyed the single wooden bowl he possessed on seeing a peasant boy drink from the hollow of his hands. When asked how to avoid lust of the flesh, Diogenes began to masturbate in answer. When rebuked for doing so, he replied, "If only I could soothe my hunger by rubbing my belly." He used to stroll through the Agora at full daylight with a torch (or, as legend sometimes has it, a lantern). When asked what he was doing, he would answer, "I am just looking for an honest man." Diogenes looked for an honest man and reputedly found nothing but rascals and scoundrels. Originally a Phrygian goddess, Cybele (Greek: Κυβέλη) was a deification of the Earth Mother who was worshipped in Anatolia from Neolithic times. ... Masturbation is the manual excitation of the sexual organs, most often to the point of orgasm. ... Stoa of the ancient agora de Thessaloniki An agora (αγορά), translatable as marketplace, was a public space and an essential part of an ancient Greek polis or city-state. ...

In Corinth

On a voyage to Aegina, he was captured by pirates and sold as a slave in Crete to a Corinthian named Xeniades. Being asked his trade, he replied that he knew no trade but that of governing men, and that he wished to be sold to a man who needed a master. As tutor to Xeniades' two sons, he lived in Corinth for the rest of his life, which he devoted entirely to preaching the doctrines of virtuous self-control. Aegina (Greek: Αίγινα (Egina)) is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece in the Saronic Gulf, 31 miles (50 km) from Athens. ... Look up pirate and piracy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Slave redirects here. ... For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ... Corinth, or Korinth (Greek: Κόρινθος, Kórinthos; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a Greek city-state, on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece. ...

At the Isthmian Games, he lectured to large audiences, who turned to him from his one-time teacher Antisthenes. It was, probably, at one of these festivals that he met Alexander the Great. The story goes that while Diogenes was relaxing in the sunlight one morning, Alexander, thrilled to meet the famous philosopher, asked if there was any favour he might do for him. Diogenes replied, "Stand out of my sunlight." Alexander still declared, "If I were not Alexander, then I should wish to be Diogenes." (In another account, Alexander found the philosopher rummaging through a pile of human bones. Diogenes explained, "I am searching for the bones of your father but cannot distinguish them from those of a slave.") The Isthmian Games were one of the Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece, and were held at Corinth every two years. ... Portrait bust of Antisthenes Antisthenes (Greek: , c. ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ...

When Plato gave Socrates's definition of man as "featherless bipeds" and was much praised for the definition, Diogenes plucked a cock and brought it into Plato's Academy, saying, "This is Plato's man." After this incident, "with broad flat nails" was added to Plato's definition. The Thinker by Auguste Rodin: An artists impression of Homo sapiens Human self-reflection is the basis of philosophy and is present from the earliest historical records. ... Rooster in grass, demonstrating the alert stance before sounding an alarm A cock or rooster is a male chicken, the female being a hen. ... For other uses, see Academy (disambiguation). ...

Death

There are numerous accounts of Diogenes' death. He is alleged variously to have held his breath, to have become ill from eating raw octopus, and to have suffered an infected dog bite. When asked how he wished to be buried, he left instructions to be thrown outside the city wall so wild animals could feast on his body. When asked if he minded this, he said, "Not at all, as long as you provide me with a stick to chase the creatures away!" When asked how he could use the stick since he would lack awareness, he replied "If I lack awareness, then why should I care what happens to me when I am dead?" At the end, Diogenes made fun of people's excessive concern with the "proper" treatment of the dead. The Corinthians erected to his memory a pillar on which rested a dog of Parian marble. Parian marble is a fine-grained semitranslucent pure-white marble quarried during the classical era on the Greek island of Paros. ...

Ideas

Along with Antisthenes, Crates of Thebes, and Xeno, Diogenes is considered one of the founders of Cynicism. The ideas of Diogenes, like those of most other Cynics, must be arrived at indirectly. No writings of Diogenes survived even though he is reported to have authored a number of books. Cynic ideas are inseparable from Cynic practice; therefore what we know about Diogenes is contained in anecdotes concerning his life and sayings attributed to him in a number of scattered classical sources. None of these sources is definitive and all contribute to a "tradition" that should not be confused with factual biography. Portrait bust of Antisthenes Antisthenes (Greek: , c. ... Crates of Thebes, a Hellenistic philosopher, was one of the Cynics and the teacher of Zeno of Citium. ... Zeno of Citium Zeno of Citium (The Stoic) (sometime called Zeno Apathea) (333 BC-264 BC) was a Hellenistic philosopher from Citium, Cyprus. ... This article is about the ancient Greek school of philosophy. ...

It is not known, for example, whether Diogenes made a virtue of naked survival out of necessity or whether he really preferred poverty and homelessness. In any case, Diogenes did "make a case" for benefits of a reduced lifestyle. He apparently proved to the satisfaction of the Stoics who came after him that happiness has nothing whatever to do with a person's material circumstances. The stoics developed this theme, but made it benign. Epictetus, for example, preached the virtue of modesty and inoffensiveness, but maintained that misfortune is good for the development of strong character. Stoicism is a school of philosophy commonly associated with such Greek philosophers as Zeno of Citium, Cleanthes, or Chrysippus and with such later Romans as Cicero, Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, and Epictetus. ... Epictetus (Greek: Επίκτητος; ca. ...

Diogenes maintained that all the artificial growths of society were incompatible with happiness and that morality implies a return to the simplicity of nature. So great was his austerity and simplicity that the Stoics would later claim him to be a wise man or "sophos". In his words, "Man has complicated every simple gift of the gods." Diogenes is the first person known to have said, "I am a citizen of the whole world" (cosmopolites). This was a radical claim in a world where a man's identity was intimately tied to his citizenship in a particular city state. An exile and an outcast, a man with no social identity, Diogenes made a mark on his contemporaries. His story, however uncertain the details, continues to fascinate students of human nature. Stoicism is a school of philosophy commonly associated with such Greek philosophers as Zeno of Citium, Cleanthes, or Chrysippus and with such later Romans as Cicero, Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, and Epictetus. ...

Art and popular culture

Both in ancient and in modern times, his personality has appealed strongly to sculptors and to painters. Ancient busts exist in the museums of the Vatican, the Louvre, and the Capitol. The interview between Diogenes and Alexander is represented in an ancient marble bas-relief found in the Villa Albani. Rubens, Jordaens, Steen, Van der Werff, Jeaurat, Salvator Rosa, Nicolas Poussin, Karel Dujardin, and Giovannino (who declared himself as rebirth of Diogenes) have painted scenes from his life. This article is about the museum. ... Michelangelos design for Capitoline Hill, now home to the Capitoline Museums. ... Alessandro Albani (Urbino October 15, 1692–Rome December 11, 1779), of the distinguished family of Urbino that was descended from refugees from Albania when it fell to the Ottoman Turks in the 15th century, was a collector and patron of the arts, who built Villa Albani, 1760, to house his... Peter Paul Rubens (June 28, 1577 – May 30, 1640) was a prolific seventeenth-century Flemish and European painter, and a proponent of an exuberant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality. ... Jacob Jordaens, Self-Portrait with Parents, Brothers, and Sisters (c. ... // Steen was born in Leiden, where his well-to-do, Catholic family had run the tavern The Red Halbert for several generations. ... Adriaen van der Werff (1659–1722) was an accomplished Dutch painter of devotional and mythological scenes and portraits, active in Rotterdam and, to a lesser extent, Düsseldorf. ... self-portrait by Salvator Rosa, 1640. ... “Poussin” redirects here. ... Karel Dujardin (1640-1678), Dutch wildlife and landscape painter. ... Rebirth may refer the following spiritual/religious concepts: Reincarnation Buddhist Rebirth The experience of being born again in Christianity Rebirth may also refer to: Rebirth, an album by Pain Rebirth, an album by Jennifer Lopez Rebirth, an album by Gackt Rebirth, an album by Angra ReBirth RB-338, software synthesizer...

Diogenes is referred to in Anton Chekhov's story Ward No. 6, William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, Francois Rabelais' Gargantua and Pantagruel, as well as in the first sentence of Søren Kierkegaard's novelistic treatise Repetition. He is a character in Terry Prachett's Small Gods. He is referenced in the eleventh episode of キノの旅 (Kino's Journey). He is mentioned in the songs "Start Wearing Purple" by Gogol Bordello, "Get Off" by Bad Religion and "Oh, Diogenes!" from the Rodgers and Hart musical The Boys From Syracuse. He also is a figure in Seamus Heaney's The Haw Lantern and the animated series Reign: the Conqueror where he plays a more pivotal role in the life of Alexander the Great. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (Russian: , IPA: ) was a Russian short story writer and playwright. ... William Blake (November 28, 1757 – August 12, 1827) was an English poet, visionary, painter, and printmaker. ... The Marriage of Heaven and Hell is one of William Blakes books, a series of texts written in imitation of biblical books of prophecy, but expressing Blakes own intensely personal Romantic and revolutionary beliefs. ... François Rabelais (ca. ... Gargantua and Pantagruel is a connected series of five novels written in the 16th century by François Rabelais. ... Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (IPA: , but usually Anglicized as ;  ) 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a prolific 19th century Danish philosopher and theologian. ... Repetition (Danish:Gjentagelsen) is a book by the 19th century Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard and published on October 16, 1843 under the pseudonym Constantin Constantius. ... Terence David John Pratchett OBE (known to some fans as Pterry) is an English fantasy author (born April 28, 1948, in Beaconsfield, Bucks), best known for his Discworld series. ... This article is about the novel Small Gods; for the concept of Small Gods within the Discworld, see Discworld Gods Small Gods is the thirteenth of Terry Pratchetts popular Discworld novels, published in 1992. ... Kinos Journey: the Beautiful World ), shortened to Kinos Journey, is a Japanese light novel series, authored by Keiichi Sigsawa and first published in March 2000, which has been adapted into an anime series that premiered between 8 April 2003 and 8 July 2003. ... Gogol Bordello is a Gypsy punk band from the Lower East Side of New York City that formed in 1999 and is known for its theatrical stage shows[1]. Much of the bands sound is inspired by Gypsy music, as some of its members are immigrants from Eastern Europe. ... Bad Religion is a seminal American punk rock band, formed in Southern California in 1980 by Jay Bentley (bass), Greg Graffin (vocals), Brett Gurewitz (guitars) and Jay Ziskrout (drums). ... Rodgers and Hart was the songwriting team consisting of Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart. ... The Boys from Syracuse is a musical by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, based on William Shakespeares play, The Comedy of Errors, as adapted by librettist George Abbott, who also directed. ... Seamus Justin Heaney (IPA: ) (born 13 April 1939) is an Irish poet, writer and lecturer who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1995. ... Screenshot from Reign: The Conqueror Alexander Senki (English title - Reign : The Conqueror) was an anime first released in 1997. ...

Several allusions to Diogenes appear in the movie Fight Club. Particularly, these include a quotation, "The things you own end up owning you," and the browbeating of eager recruits (quite similar to the torments Diogenes endured so as to be accepted by Antisthenes). Other comparisons can easily be drawn, as the movie's ideology bears striking similarity to Diogenes' views. For example, the intentional squalor in which the main characters choose to live, and Tyler Durden's editing of pornographic frames into family movies (reminiscent of Diogenes' tendency to masturbate in public). Fight Club is a 1999 feature film adaptation of the 1996 novel Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk, adapted by Jim Uhls and directed by David Fincher. ... This article is for the novel by Chuck Palahniuk. ...

In addition, a depiction of Diogenes "Seeking an honest man" is prominent on the Led Zeppelin album "Four Signs" also known as Led Zeppelin IV. In the Graphic Novel of Neil Gaimans Neverwhere, the Marquis de Carabas refers to Diogenes as his patron. For the bands 1969 self-titled debut album, see Led Zeppelin (album). ...

The Diogenes Club

Main article: Diogenes Club

The philosopher lent his name to the fictional Diogenes Club, an organization that Sherlock Holmes' brother Mycroft Holmes belongs to in the story "The Greek Interpreter" by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The group is the focus of a number of Holmes pastiches by Kim Newman. The Diogenes Club is a club featured in a few Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, most notably The Greek Interpreter. Probably named after Diogenes the Cynic, it was co-founded by Sherlocks older brother, Mycroft Holmes. ... The Diogenes Club is a fictional gentlemans club created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and featured in several Sherlock Holmes stories, most notably The Greek Interpreter. It seems to have been named after Diogenes the Cynic (although this is never expanded upon in the original stories) and was co... A portrait of Sherlock Holmes by Sidney Paget from the Strand Magazine, 1891 Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who first appeared in publication in 1887. ... Mycroft Holmes as depicted by Sidney Edward Paget in Strand Magazine Mycroft Holmes is a fictional character in the stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. ... The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the cycle collected as The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes. ... Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (May 22, 1859 - July 7, 1930) is the British author most famously known for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction. ... The word pastiche describes a literary or other artistic genre. ... Kim Newman (born July 31, 1959) is an English journalist, film critic, and fiction writer. ...

Diogenes also features in Part Four of Elizabeth Smart's By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept. By Grand Central Station I Sat Down And Wept is a novel of prose poetry by the Canadian author Elizabeth Smart. ...

Diogenes and contemporary theory

Diogenes is discussed in a 1983 book by German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk (English language publication in 1987). In his Critique of Cynical Reason, Diogenes is used as an example of Sloterdijk’s idea of the “kynical” — in which personal degradation is used for purposes of community comment or censure. Calling the practice of this tactic “kynismos,” Sloterdijk explains that the kynical actor actually embodies the message he/she is trying to convey. The goal here is typically a false regression that mocks authority — especially authority that the kynical actor considers corrupt, suspect, or unworthy. Peter Sloterdijk Peter Sloterdijk (born June 26, 1947 in Karlsruhe, Germany) is a philosopher. ...

See also

• Diogenes syndrome

Diogenes syndrome is a behavioral disorder characterized by extreme self-neglect. ...

References

• Diogenes, Herakleitos and Diogenes, translated by Guy Davenport. Bolinas: Grey Fox Press, 1979. ISBN 0-912516-36-4. (Complete fragments of Diogenes translated into English.)

• Critique of Cynical Reason, by Sloterdijk, Peter. Translation by Michael Eldred; foreword by Andreas Huyssen. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987

The chief ancient authority for his life is Diogenes Laertius vi. 20; see also Mayor's notes on Juvenal, Satire XIV, 308-3 148 Peter Sloterdijk (born June 26, 1947 in Karlsruhe) is a German philosopher. ... Andreas Huyssen is the Villard Professor of German and Comparative Literature at Columbia University. ... Diogenes Laërtius, the biographer of the Greek philosophers, is supposed by some to have received his surname from the town of Laerte in Cilicia, and by others from the Roman family of the Laërtii. ... Frontispiece depicting Juvenal and Persius, from a volume translated by John Dryden in 1711. ...

• Diogenes of Sinope: The Man in the Tub, by Luis Navia. Greenwood Press, Westport Press, 1989. ISBN 0-313-30672-9.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Diogenes of Sinope

• Diogenes: Stories from Millions of Mouths
• Diogenes of Sinope, by Diogenes Laertius, translated by C.D. Yonge
• Diogenes of Sinope; The Columbia World of Quotations
• Diogenes of Sinope by Farrand Sayre, presented as a blog
• Diogenes of Sinope
• A day with Diogenes
• Teachings of Diogenes
• James Grout: Diogenes the Cynic, part of the Encyclopædia Romana
• 1975 Lancet article introducing Diogenes syndrome (via PubMed)