Four tins of dipping tobacco: Skoal Straight, Skoal Long Cut Mint, Copenhagen Straight, and Copenhagen Long Cut.

Dipping tobacco (also known as American moist snuff or spit tobacco or "lipper") is a form of smokeless tobacco. It is commonly referred to as dip while the act of using it as dipping, having a dip, or packing a lip. Chewing tobacco is often associated with this family of products. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 782 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (915 × 702 pixel, file size: 216 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Four tins of dipping tobacco: Skoal Straight, Skoal Long Cut Mint, Copenhagen Straight, and Copenhagen Long Cut. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 782 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (915 × 702 pixel, file size: 216 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Four tins of dipping tobacco: Skoal Straight, Skoal Long Cut Mint, Copenhagen Straight, and Copenhagen Long Cut. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... Chewing tobacco is a smokeless tobacco product. ...

Usage

An example of how dip is often placed.

Dip is sometimes called "getting the d-piece" or "chew"; because of this, it is commonly confused with chewing tobacco. Instead of literally chewing on tobacco, a small clump of dip is 'pinched' out of the tin, and placed between the lower or upper lip and gums. The dip rests on the inside lining of the mouth for approximately 20-30 minutes--ultimately the duration of a dip is determined by the user--where saliva carries nicotine to the inferior or superior labial arteries. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Chewing tobacco is a smokeless tobacco product. ... For the band, see Saliva (band). ... This article is about the chemical compound. ... The Iinferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. ... The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. ...

Dip tobacco users often produce excess saliva while dipping. This is typically spat onto the ground, in a bottle, etc. Swallowing can cause irritation to the esophagus, nausea, and vomiting-- however, some (long-time) dippers can swallow the tobacco-caused saliva with no unusual effects. Smokeless tobacco is sometimes used in the workplace by employees, especially if the employer does not provide many cigarette breaks or if the employee is constantly using both hands during work (which doesn't provide opportunities for cigarette smoking). The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/Å“sophagus, Greek ), or gullet is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. ... Unlit filtered cigarettes. ...

Many athletes, especially American baseball players, folkstyle wrestlers, and rugby players ^[specify] turn to dipping as a way to get the buzz of nicotine without inhaling smoke into their lungs.

Cut sizes

The difference between cut sizes are shown in the length of the individual strands of tobacco.

Types

• Long Cut - Long cut comes in thin strands of tobacco around .7 cm long
• Mid Cut - Mid-cut is comparable to small granules about .1 cm cubed.
• Fine Cut - Fine cut comes in granules slightly larger than sand or coffee grounds.
• Pouches - Pouches hold fine cut tobacco in a tiny, coffee filter-like pouch for simplicity.

Ease of use

The more finely cut the tobacco the less manageable it becomes than that of long/mid-cuts; fine cut tends to fall out of a person's fingers. Longer-cut tobacco is the most manageable and tends to cling together between the fingers.

Health issues

Cancer dangers

Studies have shown that dipping tobacco has a relatively low risk for cancer, but some studies give conflicting results. One, done in 2004, shows that tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) levels were much higher in American dipping tobacco than those of Swedish products.^[1] Structure of the nitrosamino group Nitrosamines are chemical compounds of the chemical structure R1N(-R2)-N=O, some of which are carcinogenic. ...

"Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are believed to play a significant role as causes of cancer in people who use tobacco products."^[2] The risk of mouth cancer is significantly debated by some American public health professionals, as noted in several recent and past studies.^[3][4] However, most researchers emphasize that while smokeless tobacco may be a "less harmful" alternative to smoking, it is not a "safe" alternative to smoking.^[5] Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... Nitrosamines are carcinogenous chemical compounds of the chemical structure R2N-N=O. Nitrosamines are produced from nitrites and amines. ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... Oral cancer is any cancerous tissue growth located in the mouth. ...

One recent study indicated that smokeless tobacco users are exposed to more NNK, a human carcinogen, than cigarette smokers. NNK is known to cause cancer in laboratory animals. This study, like others, stresses that smokeless tobacco use is not a "safe" alternative to cigarettes.^[6] 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (abbreviated NNK) is a nitrosamine present in tobacco that is a potent procarcinogen. ...

"The three leading U.S. snuff brands (Copenhagen, Skoal fine cut, and Kodiak; making up 92% of the U.S. market [in 1994]) showed not only high levels of pH, nicotine, and unprotonated (free) nicotine, but also high concentrations of the strongly carcinogenic TSNAs in comparison with the fourth and fifth best selling moist snuff brands, Hawken and Skoal Bandits (3% of the U.S. market [in 1994])."^[7] This article is about the dipping tobacco. ... A tin of Skoal Mint. ... Kodiak is a brand of dipping tobacco or smokeless tobacco introduced in 1981. ...

Cancer, however, is not frequently experienced as a consequence in Sweden, where smokeless tobacco use is well-established. It should be noted, however, that Swedish moist snuff ("Snus") utilizes a different manufacturing process that is speculated to reduce the amount of harmful chemicals delivered to the smokeless tobacco user, specifically by minimizing nitrosamine content.^[8] Snuff is a type of smokeless tobacco. ... Portioned snus of the Granit label. ... Structure of the nitrosamino group Nitrosamines are chemical compounds of the chemical structure R1N(-R2)-N=O, some of which are carcinogenic. ...

Cardiovascular effects

Studies are inconclusive as to how significantly smokeless tobacco affects users, but it has been studied that it may have more nicotine than cigarettes' cardiovascular systems. One study states that, "Although the evidence is not conclusive, the adverse cardiovascular effects of smokeless tobacco use are less than those caused by smoking but are more than those found in nonusers."^[9] Other studies also indicate that smokeless tobacco related cardiovascular risks are lower than that of smoked tobacco.^[10][11] One study states that smokeless tobacco use has a "modest effect on cardiovascular risk factors in young physically fit men."^[12] For transport in plants, see Vascular tissue. ...

However, it is important to note that one Indian study from the state of Rajasthan states, "There is a significantly greater prevalence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors [sic] obesity, resting tachycardia, hypertension, high total and LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol, and electrocardiographic changes in tobacco users, chewing or smoking, as compared-to tobacco non-users. Chewing tobacco is associated with similar cardiovascular risk as smoking."^[13] This finding may bear on the possibility that smokeless tobacco in India is produced differently than in Western countries.^{[original research?]} Occident redirects here. ...

Due to contrasting results in studies, many conclude that further research should be done on the cardiovascular risks of smokeless tobacco.^[14][15]

Misconceptions

According to one study, only a "handful of websites" contain accurate information on the hazards of smokeless tobacco. 1/3 of websites relating to smokeless tobacco "explicitly" claim that smokeless tobacco is comparable to, or worse than, cigarettes. The conclusion reads:

"Through these websites, and presumably other information provided by the same government, advocacy, and educational organizations, ST [smokeless tobacco] users are told, in effect, that they might as well switch to smoking if they like it a bit more. Smokers and policy makers are told there is no potential for harm reduction. These messages are clearly false and likely harmful, representing violations of ethical standards."^[16]

Addiction potential

Smokeless tobacco contains nicotine, which is the primary addictive agent. This article is about the chemical compound. ... Addiction is an uncontrollable compulsion to repeat a behavior regardless of its negative consequences. ...

According to European Union policy, Scandinavian or some American smokeless tobaccos are at least 90% less hazardous than cigarette smoking.^[17] However, the habit is still addictive. For other uses, see Scandinavia (disambiguation). ...

Taxation and restriction of smoking is causing more smokeless tobacco use as "substitution." There are active public health debates regarding risk-reduction for smokers and the reconsideration of smokeless tobacco risks. "...There is a substantial body of informed and independent opinion that sees the value of harm reduction strategies based on smokeless tobacco."^[18]

Additives

There are few reports confirming exactly what additives are in smokeless tobacco, and it is very likely that brands vary in what and how much of each additive they use. It is widely claimed that glass or fiberglass is mixed into each tin to cause abrasion to the lip, resulting in higher and faster nicotine absorption. However, at least in the case of snus, the appearance of glass-like particles may be due to the formation of salt crystals.^[19]

The addition of glass to dipping tobacco would not be beneficial for increasing nicotine delivery, as bleeding and inflammation would be likely to reduce the uptake of nicotine.^[20] The amount of nicotine absorbed can be controlled by different cutting of the tobacco, increasing the nicotine concentration and raising the pH of the tobacco by adding various salts.^[21] An alkaline pH causes more nicotine to be absorbed, especially the free, unprotonated form, but is irritating to the mucosa. Nicotine itself can also irritate the mucosa. For other uses, see PH (disambiguation). ...

Smokeless tobacco companies

Connecticut-based UST Inc. held 62.5 percent of the market as of the third quarter of 2006, according to Morningstar.^[specify] The company's brands include Copenhagen, Skoal, Husky, and Red Seal. The next two largest entities are the Conwood subsidiary of Reynolds American Inc., and Swedish Match. In 2001 the dissolvable tobacco category was developed by Star Scientific, Inc., sold asmarketed under the brand names Ariva. and Stonewall. [1] This was the first introduction of Spit-Free, spitless, tobacco. Star Scientific, Inc. developed the Star Cured process to potential reduce the TSNA's to the lowest levels of any tobacco product. StarCured tobacco is currently only used in Ariva and Stonewall. In 2006, smokeless and "spit-less" tobacco products were test-marketed by Altria Group Inc. (formerly Phillip Morris Companies) and R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, the former named Taboka and the latter under the brand name Camel Snus^[22]. These companies hope there is an untapped market for "spit-less" tobacco products (such as in smoke-free bars) because they are a discreet alternative to spit dip. UST Inc. ... The phrase Morning Star can refer to several things. ... Reynolds American Inc. ... Snus, a tobacco product marketed by Swedish Match. ... You may be looking for: Stonewall riots, a series of gay rights riots held around the Stonewall Inn. ... Altria Group, Inc. ... The RJR Headquarters building (back left) in Winston Salem, NC was built prior to the Empire State Building, which was designed by the same architect. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

Canadian tins are smaller in size compared to tins produced for the United States.^{[citation needed]} US tins are generally 34 grams^[23] while Canadian tins are 15 grams.^{[citation needed]} Smokeless tobacco products are also more expensive than they are across the border.^{[citation needed]} Prices for a 15 gram tin of average, popular brand smokeless tobacco are normally around $6-7, in Canadian funds.^{[citation needed]} Though prices tend to vary more from one state to the next in the US, it is quite common to find the same brands of smokeless tobacco products in containers twice the size as Canadian ones, for around half the price with currency differences taken into account.^{[citation needed]} Canadian users wait longer for new products to be released and spend, depending on province, up to 40% more.^[24] Many flavours are not released in Canadian markets until much later due to tobacco denormalization laws.^[25] Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countriesAtlas  Politics Portal      Canada is a federation which consists of ten provinces that, with three territories, make up the worlds second largest country in total area. ...

Legality

Given the potential risk of unsightly mouth cancer and a fairly low usage outside of North America and the Nordic countries, several countries have banned the sale (and in some cases the import) of dipping tobacco. Sale of dipping tobacco was banned in Australia and New Zealand in 1986 ^[26] and in most of the EU nations in 1992 ^[27]. Both Sweden and Norway were exempted from this ban because of the traditionally high usage of dipping tobacco in both countries.

Alternative products

A tin of jerky chew.

Tobacco-free smokeless products are available on the market such as Mint Snuff, Smokey Mountain Snuff, and Hooch Snuff utilize an herbal based composition with ingredients such as mint leaves, corn silk or pueraria. KIKIT is a completely edible chewing tobacco alternative made from coconut. Also, some food companies produce jerky chew, shredded beef jerky in smokeless tobacco sized tins. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... An herbal is a book, often illustrated, that describes the appearance, medical properties, and other characteristics of plants used in herbal medicine. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mint. ... Corn, or maize, has a number of uses. ... Binomial name Pueraria lobata Kudzu is also the name of a hardware detection program used in the Red Hat Linux and Fedora Linux operating systems. ... The name Jerky comes from the Quechua term charki, meaning dried meat. ...

References

Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Science Daily is an online news source. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Medline is a comprehensive literature database of life sciences and biomedical information. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... JAMA, published continuously since in 1883, is an international peer-reviewed general medical journal published 48 times per year. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gross weight. ... The ounce (abbreviation: oz) is the name of a unit of mass in a number of different systems, including various systems of mass that form part of English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... For other meanings of gram, see gram (disambiguation). ...

External links

• Smokeout: Not as easy as ABC - Commentary - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper
• Effect of smokeless tobacco (snus) on smoking and public health in Sweden
• No Smoke, No Problem?
• Tobacco harm reduction: an alternative cessation strategy for inveterate smokers. By Brad Rodu and William T. Godshall, published in December 2006 in Harm Reduction Journal.
• Dissolvable Tobacco