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Direct connect is a peer-to-peer file-sharing protocol. Direct connect clients connect to a central hub and can download files directly from one user to another. A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively few servers. ...
File sharing is the activity of making files available to other users for download over the Internet, but also over smaller networks. ...
For other senses of this word, see protocol. ...
Node(Latin nodus ‘knot’) is critical element of any computer network. ...
Hubs feature a list of clients or users connected to them. Users can search for files and download them from other clients, as well as chat with other users. This article is about computer files and file systems in general terms. ...
This article is about the computer terms. ...
A chat room or chatroom is a term used primarily by mass media to describe any form of synchronous conferencing, occasionally even asynchronous conferencing. ...
History
NeoModus was started by Jonathan Hess in November, 1999 as a company funded by the adware "Direct Connect" while he was in high school [1]. The first third-party client was called "DClite", which never fully supported the file sharing aspects of the protocol. A new version of Direct Connect was introduced, requiring a simple encryption key to initiate a connection, in hopes that he would lock out third-party clients. The key was cracked, and the author of DClite released a new version of DClite compatible with the new software from NeoModus. Some time after, DClite was rewritten as Open Direct Connect with goals of having a MDI user interface and using plug-ins for file sharing protocols (similar to MLDonkey). Open Direct Connect also did not complete support for the full file sharing aspects of the protocol, but a port to Java did. Some time later, other clients such as DCTC (Direct Connect Text Client) and DC++ started popping up. For other uses, see November (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the year. ...
Protocol The Direct connect protocol is a text-based protocol, where commands and their information is sent in clear text, without encryption. As clients connect to a central source of distribution (the hub) of information, the hub is required to have a substantial amount of upload bandwidth available. [2] Encrypt redirects here. ...
There is no official specification of the protocol. This means that every client and hub besides the original Neo-modus client and hub have been forced to reverse engineer the information. As such, any protocol specification this article may reference is likely either inaccurate and/or incomplete. Reverse engineering (RE) is the process of taking something (a device, an electrical component, a software program, etc. ...
The client-server (as well in client-client, where one act as "server") aspect of the protocol stipulates that the server speak first when a connection has been made. For example, when a client connect to a hub's socket, the hub is first to talk to the client. An Internet socket (or commonly, a socket or network socket), is a communication end-point unique to a machine communicating on an Internet Protocol-based network, such as the Internet. ...
The protocol does not require a character encoding or font for clients or hubs. A character encoding or character set (sometimes referred to as code page) consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given set with something else, such as a sequence of natural numbers, octets or electrical pulses, in order to facilitate the storage of text in computers...
A font can mean: A member of a typeface family; or digital font - file format that encapsulates a typeface family in a database. ...
The port 411 is the default port for hubs and 412 for client to client connections. If any of these ports are already in use, the port + 1 is used. Eg, if 411, 412 and 413 is in use, the port 414 will be used.
Hub addresses are in the following form: dchub://example.com[:411], where 411 is an optional port.
There is no global identification scheme; users are identified with their nick name on a hub to hub basis.
An incoming request for a client-client connection cannot be linked with an actual connection.[3]
A search result cannot be linked with a particular search.[4]
Supported by the protocol is the ability to kick or move (redirect) a user to another hub. There is no restriction where a user might be redirected to. If a user is kicked, the hub isn't required to tell the specific reason as to why the user was kicked. However, if another client in power instructs the hub to kick, that client may send out a notification message before doing so. Redirecting a user must be accompanying with a reason. There is no HTML referrer equivalent. The referer, or HTTP referer, identifies, from the point of view of an internet webpage or resource, the address of the webpage (commonly the URL, the more generic URI or the i18n updated IRI) of the resource which links to it. ...
Hubs may send out user commands to clients. These commands are only raw protocol commands, and is mostly for making a particular task simpler. Eg, the hub cannot send a user command that will trigger the default browser to visit a website. It can however add the command "+rules" (where '+' indicate to the hub that it's a command - this may vary) to display the hub's rules.
The peer-to-peer part of the protocol is based around a concept of "slots" (similar to amount of open positions for a job). These slots denote the amount of people that are allowed to download from a user at any one time. These slots are controlled by the client.
In client to client connections, the parties negotiate a random number to see who should be allowed to download first. The client with the highest number win.
Downloads are transported using TCP. Active searches use UDP. The connection to the hub is with TCP. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ...
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ...
There are two kinds of modes a user can be in. Either in active or in passsive mode. Clients using active mode can download from anyone else on the network. Passive mode users can only download from active users. In NeoModus Direct Connect, passive mode users receive other passive mode users' search results, while the user will not be able to download anything. In DC++, users will not receive those search results. In NeoModus Direct Connect, all users will be sent five search results per query at most. If a user has searched and is in active mode, DC++ will respond with ten search results, and five when the user is in passive mode. Passive clients will be sent search results through the hub, while active clients will receive the results directly. NeoModus Direct Connect is a file-sharing client for Windows and Mac users that provides file-sharing capabilities for any type of file within a hub-centric, peer-to-peer network. ...
DC++ is an open-source, peer-to-peer file-sharing client that can be used to connect to the Direct Connect network or to the ADC protocol. ...
An active client have a listening port for TCP respectively UDP, though the ports don't depend on each other.
Protocol delimiters are '$', '|' and ' ' (space). There is no escape sequence, so these characters can't be sent without possibly compromising the integrity of the message. However, a workaround was devised in DC++: send the HTML equivalent if these characters are to be viewed by the user. Delimiters are marks which are used to seperate subfields of data. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
HTML, an initialism of Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. ...
Continued interest exists in features such as ratings and language packs. However, the authors of DC++ have been actively working on a complete replacement of the Direct connect protocol called ADC.
One example of an added feature to the protocol, in compared to the original protocol, is the broadcasting of Tiger-Tree Hashing of shared files (TTH). The advantages of this include verifying that a file is downloaded correctly, and the ability to find files independent of their names. In computer science, hash trees, also known as Merkle (hash) trees or Tiger tree hashes, are an extension of the simpler concept hash list, which in turn is an extension of the old concept of hashing, for instance, a file. ...
Hubs Direct connect hubs are central servers to which clients connect, thus the networks are not as de-centralised as Gnutella or FastTrack. Hubs provide information about the clients, as well as file searching and chat capabilities. File transfers are done directly between clients, in true peer-to-peer fashion. In information technology, a server is an application or device that performs services for connected clients as part of a client-server architecture. ...
Gnutella (pronounced: with a silent g, or alternatively ) is a file sharing network. ...
FastTrack is a peer-to-peer protocol, used by the Kazaa (and variants, Grokster and iMesh) file sharing programs. ...
Look up chat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
FTP or file transfer protocol is a commonly used protocol for exchanging files over any network that supports the TCP/IP protocol (such as the Internet or an intranet). ...
A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively few servers. ...
Hubs often have special areas of interest. Many have requirements on the total size of the files that their members share (share size), and restrictions on the content and quality of shares. A hub can have any arbitrary rule. Hubs can allow users to register and provide user authentication. It should be noted that the authentication is also in clear text. The hub may choose certain individiuals as operators (similar to IRC operators) to enforce said rules if the hub itself cannot. For other uses of the terms authentication, authentic and authenticity, see authenticity. ...
An IRC channel operator (commonly shortened to op) is a user that moderates an IRC channel on a given IRC network. ...
While not directly supported by the protocol, hub linking software exist. The software allow multiple hubs to be connected, allowing users to share and chat with people on the other linked hubs.
Direct connect hubs have difficulty scaling, due to the broadcast-centricity of the protocol. Scale in the computing field is used as a verb. ...
Hub software
Direct Connect Hub link DC-hublink is hub linking software.
Hexhub HeXHub is an IOCP-based hub, written in Assembly, for Windows. See the terminology section, below, regarding inconsistent use of the terms assembly and assembler. ...
1. ...
Open Direct Connect Hub Open Direct Connect Hub is open source hub software for Unix/Linux.
Ptokax Ptokax is hub software for Windows.
VerliHub Verlihub is open source hub software that runs on Linux.
YnHub YnHub (Yoshi and Nev Hub) is hub software for Windows. It is the successor to YHub (Yoshi Hub). 1. ...
Client software While not mandated by the protocol, most clients send a "tag". This is part of the client's description and display information ranging from client name and version to number of total available slots to if the user is using a proxy server. It was originally added to DC++, due to its ability to be in multiple hubs with the same instance. The information is arbitrary.
The original client's file list (a comprehensive list of the files a user share) was compressed using Huffman's compression algorithm. Newer clients (among them DC++) serve a XML based list, compressed with bzip2. In computer science and information theory, Huffman coding is an entropy encoding algorithm used for lossless data compression. ...
The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. ...
The correct title of this article is . ...
DC++ DC++ is an open source alternative to NMDC written in C++ mainly for Windows, but crossplatform forks exist like LinuxDC++. DC++ is an open-source, peer-to-peer file-sharing client that can be used to connect to the Direct Connect network or to the ADC protocol. ...
Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ...
C++ (pronounced see plus plus, IPA: ) is a general-purpose programming language with high-level and low-level capabilities. ...
MLDonkey MLDonkey is a multiprotocol open source peer to peer client for Linux, Unix and Windows. MLDonkey is an open source, free software multi-network peer-to-peer application. ...
NeoModus Direct connect NeoModus Direct Connect (abbreviated to NMDC) was the original Direct connect client. It was written by Jonathan Hess at the company NeoModus. The first version was written in Visual Basic and released in November 1999. It only ran on Windows. The second version was written in C++ and C#, and had Mac OS X support. NeoModus Direct Connect is a file-sharing client for Windows and Mac users that provides file-sharing capabilities for any type of file within a hub-centric, peer-to-peer network. ...
This article is about the Visual Basic language shipping with Microsoft Visual Studio 6. ...
This article is about the year. ...
1. ...
Mac OS X (pronounced ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ...
ShakesPeer ShakesPeer is a client specifically written for Mac OS X. Shakespeer is a Direct Connect client for Mac OS X. Shakespeer Categories: | | | ...
Valknut Valknut is a C++ and Qt written client that is designed to run on Linux, FreeBSD and Mac OS X. Valknut is a program the uses the Direct Connect protocol. ...
For other uses, see Qt. ...
This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ...
FreeBSD is a Unix-like free operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) branch through the 386BSD and 4. ...
DCTC Direct Connect Text Client (DCTC) [1] for Linux. They also provide a GUI (dc_gui) for the client and a hub program (dchub).
DC# DC# is a client primary for Linux that uses GTK+. It has as a goal to be as easy to use as possible. GTK+, or the GIMP Toolkit, is one of the two most popular widget toolkits for the X Window System for creating graphical user interfaces. ...
Direct connect used for DDoS attacks As the protocol allow hubs to redirect users to another hub, malicious hubs have redirected users to other places than real Direct connect hubs, effectively causing a Distributed Denial of Service attack. As well, the hubs may alter the IP in client to client connections, pointing to a potential victim. [5] [6] [7] A denial-of-service attack (also, DoS attack) is an attack on a computer system or network that causes a loss of service to users, typically the loss of network connectivity and services by consuming the bandwidth of the victim network or overloading the computational resources of the victim system. ...
An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique address that certain electronic devices use in order to identify and communicate with each other on a computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol standard (IP)—in simpler terms, a computer address. ...
See also i2hub was a peer-to-peer filesharing service and program designed and intended primarily for use by university and college students. ...
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a form of instant communication over the Internet. ...
References - ^ Annalee Newitz (July 2001). Sharing the Data. Metro, Silicon Valley's Weekly Newspaper. Metro Publishing Inc. Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
- ^ Fredrik Ullner (April 2007). Command and bandwidth estimations in NMDC. DC++: Just These Guys, Ya Know?. Retrieved on 2007-07-27.
- ^ cologic (August 2007). CTM tokens in ADC (or why the NMDC protocol is terrible, part 2). DC++: Just These Guys, Ya Know?. Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
- ^ Todd Pederzani (June 2006). Filtering Redux. DC++: Just These Guys, Ya Know?. Retrieved on 2007-08-31.
- ^ Paul Sop (May 2007). Prolexic Distributed Denial of Service Attack Alert. Prolexic Technologies Inc.. Prolexic Technologies Inc.. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ Robert Lemos (May 2007). Peer-to-peer networks co-opted for DOS attacks. SecurityFocus. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
- ^ Fredrik Ullner (May 2007). Denying distributed attacks. DC++: Just These Guys, Ya Know?. Retrieved on 2007-08-22.
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
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