The Directorate of State Security, or Sigurimi (Full name:Drejtorija e Sigurimit të Shtetit) was Albania's secret police agency during the communist regime. Sigurimi was created on March 20, 1943. Enver Hoxha typically credited the Sigurimi as having been instrumental in his faction's gaining power in Albania over other partisan groups. The People's Defense Division, formed in 1945 from Hoxha's most reliable resistance fighters, was the precursor to the Sigurimi's 5,000 uniformed internal security force. In 1989 the division was organized into five regiments of mechanized infantry that could be ordered to quell domestic disturbances posing a threat to the party leadership. The Sigurimi had an estimated 10,000 officers, approximately 2,500 of whom were assigned to the People's Army. It was organized with both a national headquarters and district headquarters in each of Albania's twenty-six districts. A secret police (sometimes political police) force is a police organization that operates in secret to enforce state security. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ... Enver Hoxha (1908-1985) Enver Hoxha, (IPA , October 16, 1908–April 11, 1985) was the president of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Communist Albanian Party of Labour. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The mission of the Sigurimi and presumably its successor was to prevent revolution and to suppress opposition to the regime. Although groups of Albanian emigres sought Western support for their efforts to overthrow the communists in the late 1940s and early 1950s, they quickly ceased to be a credible threat to the communist regime because of the effectiveness of the Sigurimi. // Events and trends The 1940s were dominated by World War II, the most destructive armed conflict in history. ... // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the baby-boom from returning...

The activities of the Sigurimi were directed more toward political and ideological opposition than crimes against persons or property, unless the latter were sufficiently serious and widespread to threaten the regime. Its activities permeated Albanian society to the extent that every third citizen had either served time in labor camps or been interrogated by Sigurimi officers. Sigurimi personnel were generally career volunteers, recommended by loyal party members and subjected to careful political and psychological screening before they were selected to join the service. They had an elite status and enjoyed many privileges designed to maintain their reliability and dedication to the party.

The Sigurimi was organized into sections covering political control, censorship, public records, prison camps, internal security troops, physical security, counterespionage, and foreign intelligence. The political control section's primary function was monitoring the ideological correctness of party members and other citizens. It was responsible for purging the party, government, military, and its own apparatus of individuals closely associated with Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, or China after Albania broke from successive alliances with each of those countries. One estimate indicated that at least 170 communist party Politburo or Central Committee members were executed as a result of the Sigurimi's investigations. The political control section was also involved in an extensive program of monitoring private telephone conversations. The censorship section operated within the press, radio, newspapers, and other communications media as well as within cultural societies, schools, and other organizations. The public records section administered government documents and statistics, primarily social and economic statistics that were handled as state secrets. The prison camps section was charged with the political reeducation of inmates and the evaluation of the degree to which they posed a danger to society. Local police supplied guards for fourteen prison camps throughout the country. The physical security section provided guards for important party and government officials and installations. The counterespionage section was responsible for neutralizing foreign intelligence operations in Albania as well as domestic movements and parties opposed to the party. Finally, the foreign intelligence section maintained personnel abroad and at home to obtain intelligence about foreign capabilities and intentions that affected Albania's national security. Its officers occupied cover positions in Albania's foreign diplomatic missions, trade offices, and cultural centers. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from 1945 to 1992. ... Politburo is short for Political Bureau. ... Censorship is the use of governmental power to control speech and other forms of human expression. ...

The organization ceased to exist in name in July 1991 and was replaced by the NIS (National Intelligence Service). In early 1992, information on the organization, responsibilities, and functions of the NIS was not available in Western publications. Some Western observers believed, however, that many of the officers and leaders of the NIS had served in the Sigurimi and that the basic structures of the two organizations were similar. 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Intelligence Service (NIS or SHIK) is Albania’s secret police created by the Albanian parliament in 1992. ... 1992 was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

Reference

• Library of Congress Country Study of Albania -- Data as of April 1992

See also

• History of Albania