Disproportionation is a concept in chemistry and is a redox reaction where a reactant is both oxidised and reduced in the same chemical reaction. Chemistry (derived from the Arabic word kimia, alchemy, where al is Arabic for the) is the science that deals with the properties of organic and inorganic substances and their interactions with other organic and inorganic substances. ... Redox reactions include all chemical processes in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed. ... A reactant or reagent is any substance initially present in a chemical reaction. ...

Examples:

• Chlorine (Cl₂) reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride, sodium chlorate and water.

The ionic equation for this reaction is as follows: General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... Flash point non flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Flash point Non-flammable R/S statement R: none S: none RTECS number VZ4725000 Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... R-phrases R9, R22, R51/53 S-phrases S2, S13, S17, S46, S61 Flash point none Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Water (from the Old English word wæter; c. ...

Cl₂ + 6OH^- -> Cl^- + ClO₃^- + 3H₂O

In the above equation, the initial oxidation number of Chlorine is 0.

In the products, Cl^- has an oxidation number of -1, having been reduced, whereas the oxidation number of Chlorine in the Chlorate ion is +5, indicating that it has been oxidised.

• In the Cannizzaro reaction an aldehyde is converted into an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. In the related Tishchenko reaction the organic redox reaction product is the corresponding ester

Disproportionation is the opposite of synproportionation. The Cannizzaro reaction named after Stanislao Cannizzaro is a chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of any aldehyde lacking a hydrogen atom in the alpha position, in the presence of a strong base. ... An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. ... For other uses, see Alcohol (disambiguation). ... Structure of a carboxylic acid Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)-OH, usually written as COOH. In general, the salts and anions of carboxylic acids are called carboxylates. ... The Tishchenko reaction is a chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde lacking a hydrogen atom in the alpha position in the presence of an alkoxide. ... Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds. ... General formula of an ester of a carboxylic acid. ... Synproportionation is a concept in chemistry and is a redox reaction where two reactants that share an atom but differ in oxidation number react to a single reaction product. ...