In the scholastic system of education of the middle ages, disputations (in Latin: disputationes, singular: disputatio) offered a formalized method of debate designed to uncover and establish "truths" in theology and in other sciences. Fixed rules governed the process: they demanded dependence on traditional written authorities and the thorough understanding of each argument on each side. Scholasticism comes from the Latin word scholasticus, which means that [which] belongs to the school, and is the school of philosophy taught by the academics (or schoolmen) of medieval universities circa 1100–1500. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It can also refer to the study of other religious topics. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Science For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ... An appeal to authority is a type of argument in logic also known as argument from authority, argumentum ad verecundiam (Latin: argument to respect) or ipse dixit (Latin: he himself said it, where an unsupported assertion depends on the asserters credibility). ...

Medieval disputations

Inter-faith disputations

A significant category of disputations took place between Christian and Jewish theologians in order to convince Jews to convert. Christians believed that only the refusal of the Jews to accept Christ stood in the way of the Second Coming. Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life, teachings, and actions of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as Jesus Christ, as recounted in the New Testament. ... Jews (Hebrew: יהודים, Yehudim) are followers of Judaism or, more generally, members of the Jewish people (also known as the Jewish nation, or the Children of Israel), an ethno-religious group descended from the ancient Israelites and converts who joined their religion. ... Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It can also refer to the study of other religious topics. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... This page is about the title. ... The prophecies of a Second Coming are various and span across many religions and cultures. ...

1239. In the course of a disputation, Pope Gregory IX ordered the Talmud burned (note a non-heretical book floating above the fire). A 15th century painting by Pedro Berruguete

• 1240 - the Disputation of Paris during the reign of Louis IX of France (St. Louis) involved interrogation of the Talmud, followed by confiscations and burnings of scores of Talmuds in the streets of Paris.
• 1263 - the Disputation of Barcelona before King James I of Aragon: between the monk Pablo Christiani and Rabbi Nachmanides.
• 1413 - the Disputation of Tortosa, Spain, staged by the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII.

Image File history File links 1239, Pope Gregory orders the Talmud to be put on trial and burned. ... Image File history File links 1239, Pope Gregory orders the Talmud to be put on trial and burned. ... Papal Arms of Pope Gregory IX. Gregory IX, né Ugolino di Conti (Anagni, ca. ... The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish tradition considers authoritative. ... Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the Catholic or Orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. ... Pedro Berruguete Sapnish painter Pedro Berruguete (1450-1504) was born in Paredes de Nava. ... Events Batu Khan and the Golden Horde sack the Ruthenian city of Kyiv Births Pope Benedict XI Deaths April 11 - Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, also known as Llywelyn The Great Prince of Gwynedd Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world Paris is Frances capital and largest city, straddling the river Seine in the north central part of the country. ... Only representation of Saint Louis known to be true to life - Early 14th century statue from the church of Mainneville, Eure, France King Louis IX of France or Saint Louis (April 25, 1214/1215 – August 25, 1270) was King of France from 1226 until his death. ... The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish tradition considers authoritative. ... Events Detmold, Germany was founded. ... Barcelona is the capital city of Catalonia (Spain). ... James I of Aragon (Catalan: Jaume I, Spanish: Jaime I) (Montpellier February 2, 1208 – July 27, 1276), surnamed the Conqueror, was the king of Aragon, count of Barcelona and Lord of Montpellier from 1219 to 1276. ... A Roman Catholic monk A monk is a person who practices monasticism, adopting a strict religious and ascetic lifestyle, usually in community with others following the same path. ... Rabbi (Classical Hebrew רִבִּי ribbÄ«;; modern Ashkenazi and Israeli רַבִּי rabbÄ«) in Judaism, means teacher, or more literally great one. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root-word RaV, which in biblical Hebrew means great or distinguished, (in knowledge). In the ancient Judean schools the sages were addressed as רִבִּי (Ribbi... Nahmanides is the common name for Moshe ben Nahman Gerondi; the name is a Greek translation of the Hebrew Ben Nahman, meaning Son of Nahman. He is also commomly known as Ramban, being an acronym of his Hebrew name and title, Rabbi Moshe ben Nahman, and by his Catalan name... // Events March 20 - Henry V becomes King of England Project of Annals of Joseon Dynasty began. ... Tortosa (Latin Dertusa) is the capital of the comarca of Baix Ebre, in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain, located at 12 metres above the sea, by the Ebre river. ... Antipope Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna, (b. ...

Disputation in the Bible

The word disputation occurs only once in the King James Version of the Bible. Until the translation of the King James Version (KJV), an English translation of the Bible, commissioned for the benefit of the Church of England at the behest of King James I of England, translation of the Holy Scriptures into the English language had been a crime punishable by death. ...

• "When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this question." (Acts 15:2)

Contemporary disputations

Today some universities practice scientific disputations.

External links

• Chalmers University, doctors disputations plan

• University of Chicago, public disputation announcement
• Jewish Encyclopedia article on Disputations