The state constitution, among other things, determines how the seats in the state government are assigned to political parties, with most states having a system of proportional respresentation based on the number of delegates in the Landtag in place.
However, Austrian federalism is usually considered largely notional, as the states are granted comparatively little actual legislative autonomy.
It is not unheard of for Austrians to consider themselves, for instance, Tyrolean first, Austrian second.