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District heating (less commonly called teleheating) is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location for residential and commercial heating requirements. The heat is often obtained from a cogeneration plant, although dedicated facilities called heat-only boiler stations are also used. A district heating plant can provide higher efficiencies and better pollution control than localized boilers. Cogeneration (also combined heat and power or CHP) is the use of a heat engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. ...
A heat-only boiler station generates thermal energy in the form of hot water for use in district heating applications. ...
National variation
In most Russian cities, district-level combined heat and power plants (Russian: ТЭЦ, Тепло-электро централь) produce more than 50% of the nation's electricity and simultaneously provide hot water for neighboring city blocks. They mostly use coal and oil-powered steam turbines for cogeneration of heat. Now, gas turbines and combined cycle designs are beginning to be widely used as well. A Soviet-era approach of using very large central stations to heat large districts of a big city or entire small cities is fading away as due to inefficiency, much heat is lost in the piping network because of leakages and lack of proper thermal insulation [verification needed]. Cogeneration (also combined heat and power or CHP) is the use of a power station to simultaneously generate both heat and electricity. ...
Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (surface mining). ...
Natural olive oil Synthetic motor oil Oil, in a general sense, is a chemical compound that is not miscible with water, and is in a liquid state at ambient temperatures. ...
Rituraj-rituraj 07:07, 7 January 2007 (UTC) A rotor of a modern steam turbine, used in a power plant A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into useful mechanical work. ...
This machine has a single-stage centrifugal compressor and turbine, a recuperator, and foil bearings. ...
In a combined cycle power plant, or combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant, a gas turbine generator generates electricity and the waste heat from the gas turbine is used to make steam to generate additional electricity via a steam turbine, this last step enhances the efficiency of electricity generation. ...
Soviet redirects here. ...
The term leakage has numerous definitions: In normal usage, leakage is the diffusion of energy or matter out of a container. ...
The term thermal insulation can refer to materials used to reduce the rate of heat transfer, or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer. ...
Scandinavian homes also use district heating for their hot water and heating needs. Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centered on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. ...
In Denmark district heating covers more than 60% of space heating including hot water demand. Most major cities in Denmark have big district heating networks including transmission networks operation with up to 125 °C and 25 bar (2.5 MPa) pressure and distribution networks operating with up to 95 °C and between 6 and 10 bar (600 to 1000 kPa) pressure. The heat comes mainly from waste incineration and combined heat and power plants. The efficiency of the powerplants can be raised to nearly 100% if supplying heat along with electricity compared to 30% when producing electricity only. The largest system in Denmark is in the metropolitan area operated by CTR I/S and VEKS I/S Image File history File links Download high resolution version (504x640, 177 KB) Summary District heating accumulator tower, Churchill Gardens Estate, Pimlico, London. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (504x640, 177 KB) Summary District heating accumulator tower, Churchill Gardens Estate, Pimlico, London. ...
Pimlico is a district in London, England and part of the City of Westminster. ...
This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
Battersea Power Station viewed from the north bank of the River Thames at Pimlico. ...
The Thames (pronounced //) is a river flowing through southern England, in its lower reaches flowing through London into the sea. ...
The megapascal, symbol MPa is an SI unit of pressure. ...
The pascal (symbol Pa) is the SI unit of pressure. ...
In the United Kingdom, district heating also became popular after World War II, but on a restricted scale, to heat the large residential estates that replaced areas devastated by the Blitz. The photo (right) shows the accumulator for one such plant at Pimlico, just north of the River Thames. This once relied on hot waste water from the now-disused Battersea Power Station on the far shore of the river. It is still in operation, the water now being heated locally. Many other such heating plants still operate on estates across Britain. Though they are said to be efficient, a frequent complaint of residents is that the heating levels are often set too high - the original designs did not allow for individual users to have their own thermostats. Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33...
Heinkel He 111 German bomber over the Surrey Docks, Southwark, London (German propaganda photomontage) The Blitz was the sustained bombing of the United Kingdom by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 16 May 1941. ...
Pimlico is a district in London, England and part of the City of Westminster. ...
The Thames (pronounced //) is a river flowing through southern England, in its lower reaches flowing through London into the sea. ...
Battersea Power Station viewed from the north bank of the River Thames at Pimlico. ...
Bi-metallic thermostat for buildings A thermostat is a device for regulating the temperature of a system so that the systems temperature is maintained near a desired setpoint temperature. ...
In Italy, district heating is used in some towns (Bergamo, Brescia, Reggio Emilia, Torino ). Bergamo is a town in Lombardy, Italy, about 40km northeast of Milan. ...
Country Italy Region Lombardy Province Brescia (BS) Mayor Paolo Corsini (since June 10, 2003) Elevation 150 m Area 90 km² Population - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 192,165 - Density 2,087/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Bresciani Dialing code 030 Postal code 25100 Frazioni Fornaci, Sant...
Country Italy Region Emilia-Romagna Province Reggio Emilia (RE) Mayor Graziano Delrio (from July 1, 2004) Elevation 58 m Area 231 km² Population - Total 141,383 - Density 612/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Reggiani Dialing code 0522 Postal code 42100 Frazioni see list Patron San Prospero - Day...
Torino or Turin is a major industrial city in north-western Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the west bank of the Po River. ...
In North America, district heating systems fall into two general categories. Those that are owned by and serve the buildings of a single entity are considered institutional systems. All others fall into the commercial category. Consolidated Edison of New York (Con Ed) operates the largest commercial district heating system in US. [1] The system has operated continuously since March 1882 and serves Manhattan Island from the Battery through 96th Street. In addition to providing space and water heating, steam from the system is used in numerous restaurants for food preparation, process heat in laundries and dry cleaners, as well as to power absorption chillers for air conditioning. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...
Con Edison logo Consolidated Edison, Inc. ...
NY redirects here. ...
United States may refer to: Places: United States of America SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. ...
For other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation). ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it easier to understand, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Note: in the broadest sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning. ...
District heating substations Energy plants produce and sell district heat to end clients. House owners need district heating substation to distribute heat in the building. Factory made substations are best way to connect buildings to district heating network. On of the main manufactorer for these substations is Oy GST Group Ltd from Finland.
History District heating traces its roots to the hot water-heated baths and greenhouses of the ancient Roman Empire. District systems gained prominence in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, with one system in France in continuous operation since the 14th century. Across the Atlantic, the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis began steam district heating service in 1853. The Roman Empire is the name given to the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. ...
World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ...
The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...
Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. ...
This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...
Teamwork: Fourth Class Midshipmen lock arms and use ropes made from uniform items as they brace themselves climbing the Herndon Monument The United States Naval Academy, or USNA, is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. ...
City nickname: Americas Sailing Capital Location in the state of Maryland Founded 1649 Mayor Ellen O. Moyer (Dem) Area - Total - Water 19. ...
In physical chemistry, and in engineering, steam refers to vaporized water. ...
1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
Although these and numerous other systems have operated over the centuries, the first commercially successful district heating system was launched in Lockport, New York, in 1877 by American hydraulic engineer Birdsill Holly, considered the founder of modern district heating. Lockport is the name of several places In Canada: Town of Lockport, Manitoba. ...
NY redirects here. ...
1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
Birdsill Holly (November 8, 1820 _ 27 April 1894) was an inventor. ...
The future of many of these systems are in doubt; the same kind of problems many district heating operations in former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have today, many North American steam district heating systems began to experience in the 1960s and 1970s. In North America, the owners, in many cases power utilities, completely lost interest in the district heating business and did not provide sufficient funding for maintenance of the systems. The systems and the service to the customer started to deteriorate. The result was that, after some years, the systems started to lose customers; the reliability for heat supply went down and finally the whole system closed down. For example, in Minnesota in the 1950s there were about 40 district steam systems; today only a few remain.[2]
Paris has been using groundwater from 1-2 kilometre's depth at 55º-70ºC since the 1970's for domestic heating.[3] In the 1980s Southampton began utilising combined heat and power district heating, taking advantage of geothermal heat "trapped" in the area. The geothermal heat provided bythe well works in conjunction with the Combined Heat and Power scheme. Geothermal energy provides between 15-20% of the total heat-input into this scheme and the combined heat and power generators use conventional fuels to make electricity. "Waste heat" from this process is recovered for distribution through the 11km mains network.[4][5]. City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ...
Southampton is a city and major port situated on the south coast of England. ...
Diffusion of district heating Penetration of district heating (DH) into the heat market is very different by country. Penetration in influenced by different factors, including environmental conditions, availability heat sources and economic and legal framework.
In the year 2000 the percentage of houses supplied by heat from district heating in some European countries was as follows:
- Iceland 95%, Estonia 52%, Poland 52%, Denmark 51%, Sweden 50%, Slovakia 40%,
- Finland 49%, Hungary 16%, Austria 12.5%, Germany 12%, Netherlands, 3%, UK 1%
Source: Sabine Froning (Euroheat & Power): DHC/CHP/RES a smile for the environment, Kiev 2003
On Iceland the prevailing positive influence on DH is availability of easily captured geothermal heat. In most East European countries energy planning included development of cogeneration and district heating. Negative influence in The Netherlands and UK can be attributed partially to milder climate and also to stiff competition from natural gas supply. Geothermal heating is a method of heating and cooling a building. ...
Cogeneration (also combined heat and power or CHP) is the use of a heat engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat. ...
Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ...
District cooling The opposite of district heating is district cooling. Working on broadly similar principles to district heating, district cooling delivers chilled water to buildings like offices and factories that need to be cooled. In winter-time, the source for the cooling can often be sea water so is a cheaper resource than using electricity to run compressors to generate the cooling effect. Helsinki has a district cooling system based on these principles and the idea is now being adopted in other Finnish cities.
In August 2004, Enwave Energy Corporation, a district energy company based in Toronto, Canada, started operation of an innovative system that uses water from Lake Ontario to cool a variety of downtown buildings, including office towers, the Metro Toronto Convention Centre, a small brewery and a telecommunications centre. The process has become known as Deep Lake Water Cooling (DLWC). It will provide for over 40,000 tons (refrigeration) (140 megawatts) of cooling—a significantly larger system than has been installed elsewhere. Another unique feature of the Enwave system is that it is integrated with the city of Toronto’s system for local drinking water supply, bringing benefits to the city in terms of improved drinking water supply. Lake Ontario (French: lac Ontario), bounded on the north by Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ...
Deep lake water cooling uses cold water pumped from the bottom of a lake as a heat sink for climate control systems. ...
The word ton or tonne is derived from the Old English tunne, and ultimately from the Old French tonne, and referred originally to a large cask with a capacity of 252 wine gallons, which holds approximately 2100 pounds of water. ...
The megawatt (symbol: MW) is a unit for measuring power corresponding to one million (106) watts. ...
See also A seasonal thermal store (also known as a seasonal heat store or inter-seasonal thermal store) is a store designed to retain heat deposited during the hot summer months for use during colder winter weather. ...
A public utility is a company that maintains the infrastructure for a public service. ...
These are lists of public utilities. ...
Central solar heating is the provision of central heating and hot water from solar energy by a system in which the water is heated centrally by arrays of solar thermal collectors (central solar heating plants - CSHPs) and distributed through district heating pipe networks (or block heating systems in the case...
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