In some cases it is only reduced to a state with oxidation number -1. Its configuration then resembles that of chlorine and, like it, has the tendency to form a bond with another S- ion to form a disulfide (S2)-2. Oxygen can also do this e.g. in peroxides such as H2O2.
The tendency is a bit more elaborate in the case of sulfur, which can form polysulfides.
Disulfide bonds play an important protective role for bacteria as a reversible switch that turns a protein on or off when bacterial cells are exposed to oxidation reactions.
In eukaryotic cells, disulfide bonds are formed in the lumen of the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) but not in the cytosol.
It is breaking and remaking of the disulfide bonds which is the basis for the permanent wave.
In chemistry, a disulfideion is an anion (negatively-charged ion) formed by two sulfur atoms having an overall -2 charge.
In many cases, each of the two sulfur atoms in a disulfide group is covalently bonded to a carbon atom in an organic compound, forming a disulfide bond, sometimes called a disulfide linkage or a disulfide bridge.
The compound carbon disulfide (CS) has a covalently bonded molecule similar to carbon dioxide except both oxygen atoms are replaced by sulfur atoms.
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