The religion of Islam has many divisions, sects, schools, traditions, and related faiths. For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... A sect is generally a small religious or political group that has branched off from a larger established group. ...

This page attempts to record and summarize these various beliefs.

Major branches

Distribution of Islam per country. Green represents a Sunni majority and blue represents a Shi`a majority.

Map showing distribution of Shi`a and Sunni muslims in Africa, Asia and Europe.

Image File history File links Islam-by-country-smooth. ... Image File history File links Islam-by-country-smooth. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2480x1302, 557 KB)This map is copied from lib. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2480x1302, 557 KB)This map is copied from lib. ...

Sunni

Main article: Sunni Islam

Unlike the Shi`a, Sunni believe that Muhammad died without appointing a successor to lead the Muslim community. After an initial period of confusion, a group of his most prominent companions gathered and elected Abu Bakr, the Prophet's close friend and father-in-law, as the first Caliph. Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... For main article see: Caliphate First of all, this system is invalid and is unlawful Islamicly. ...

Sunnis initially believed that the position of Caliph should be democratically chosen, but after the first four Rightly Guided Calliphs the position turned into a hereditary dynastic rule. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1923, there has never been another widely recognized Caliph. The Four Rightly Guided Caliphs (Urdu: خلفأے راشدین, khalifa-e-rashidoon) refers to the first four caliphs in the Sunni tradition of Islam who are seen as being model leaders. ... // For other uses, see Dynasty (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Shi`a

Main article: Shi`a Islam

Shi`a Islam is the second largest denomination of Islam. Shi`a Muslims believe that similar to the appointment of prophets (over 124,000 in total), Imams or Caliphs after Prophet Muhammad are also chosen by God and not humans. According to Shias, Ali was chosen by Allah and thus appointed by Muhammad to be the direct successor and leader of the Muslim community. They regard him as the first Imam, which continued as a hereditary position through Fatima and Ali's descendants. The largest group of Shi`a Muslims believe in a total of twelve Imams. The twelfth Imam is believed to be in occultation, and will appear again just before the end times. The Shi`a Hadiths include the sayings of the Imams. Shia Islam, also Shiite Islam, or Shiism (Arabic:شيعة, Persian:شیعه translit: ) is a denomination of the Islamic faith. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... The Shia Imam is considered by the Shia sect of Islam to be the rightful successor to Muhammad, and is similar to the Caliph in Sunni Islam only with regards to the aspect of political leadership. ... Twelvers ( Ithnāˤashariyyah) are those Shiˤa Muslims who believe there were twelve Imāms, as distinct from Ismaili & Zaidi Shiite Muslims, who believe in a different number of Imams or in a different path of succession. ... Yawm al-Qīyāmah (Arabic: literally: Day of the Resurrection) is the Last Judgement in Islam. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Kharijite

Main article: Kharijite

The smallest of the major branches of Islam, the Kharijite movement was extremely active during its early years. They accepted the caliphate of Abu Bakr, Umar, and supported the caliphate of Ali until he agreed with a peaceful arbitration with Muawiya over the rule of the Ummah. They created many kingdoms in history. The last living group associated with the Kharijite movement are the Ibadi, though they themselves reject this label totally. Kharijites were members of an Islamic sect in late 7th and early 8th century AD, concentrated in todays southern Iraq. ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ... Muawiya was the name of two Ummayad caliphs. ... Al-Ibāḍiyyah (Arabic الاباضية) is a form of Islam distinct from the Shiite and Sunni denominations. ...

Sufi

Main article: Sufism

Not strictly a denomination, Sufism is a mystical-ascetic form of Islam. By focusing on the more spiritual aspects of religion, Sufis strive to obtain direct experience of God by making use of "intuitive and emotional faculties" that one must be trained to use.^[1] Sufism is usually considered to be complementary, although Sufism has been criticized by many Muslims for being an unjustified religious innovation. The Sufi orders, or Tarīqas, are associated with Sunni Islam. One starts with Islamic law, the exoteric or mundane practice of Islam and then is initiated onto the mystical path of a Tarīqah. Most Sufi followers consider themselves as Sunni, while there are others who consider themselves as just 'Sufi'. Sufism is a mystic tradition within Islam and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ... Sufism is a mystic tradition within Islam and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ... In the Arabic language, Bidah means innovation. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Sharia (Arabic شريعة also Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is traditional Islamic law. ...

Sunnism

Schools of Fiqh

Main article: Madhhab

Madhhab is an Islamic term that refers to a school of thought or religious jurisprudence, or fiqh, within Sunni Islam. Each of the Ashaab had a unique school of jurisprudence, but these schools were gradually consolidated or discarded so that there are currently four recognized schools. The differences between these schools of thought manifest in minor practical differences, as most Sunni Muslims consider them all fundamentally the same. Madhhab (Arabic مذهب pl. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah (Arabic: ‎ ) were the companions of Muhammad. ...

Hanafi

Main article: Hanafi

Founded by Imam Abu Hanifa, Hanafi is considered to be the school most open to modern ideas. It is predominant among Sunni Muslims in northern Egypt, the Indian subcontinent, Iraq, Turkey, Balkans and in many western countries. The Hanafi (Arabic حنفي) school is the oldest of the four schools of thought (Madhhabs) or jurisprudence (Fiqh) within Sunni Islam. ... Imam Abu Hanifa Númān ibn Thābit(699 - 765) was an important Islamic scholar and jurist and is considered the founder of the Hanafi school of fiqh. ...

Deobandi

Main article: Deobandi

One of the two major divisions of the Hanafi school of thought on the Indian Subcontinent. Deobandi are Muslims of South Asia and Afghanistan, and have more recently spread to other countries such as South Africa and the United Kingdom. Deobandis follow the fiqh of Imam Abu Hanifa. The Taliban are reputed to follow the teachings of the Deoband school, although a strict and simplistic version of the school's teachings. The Deobandi (Urdu: دیو بندی devbandī) is an Islamic revivalist movement which started in South Asia and has more recently spread to other countries, such as Afghanistan, South Africa and the United Kingdom. ... Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ... Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Hanafi is one of the four schools (madhabs) of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam. ... The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are an extremist fundamentalist Sunni Muslim and ethnic Pashtun movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1995 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the United States and the Northern Alliance. ...

Barelwi

Main article: Barelwi

One of the two major divisions of the Hanafi school of thought on the Indian Subcontinent. The Barelwis are followers of a movement within Sunni Islam that started in India, who follow the fiqh of Imam Abu Hanifa. They perform several acts of invention such as visiting graves, limited veneration the Prophet or saints/walis, Milad, etc., all of which are held to be correct by Barelwis. The fiercest opponents of the Barelwis are Sunni reformationist movements such as Deobandism in India, and Wahabbism in Saudi Arabia. Generally Barelwis call themselves the Ahle Sunnah Wal Jamaah, or often, simply Sunnis. The Barelwis have been criticised by many Muslims for their attitudes and actions such as, in 2006, Mufti Abdul Mannan Karimi announced that they had annulled the marriages of 200 Barelwi adherents for attending prayers led by a Deobandi cleric. Barelwi (Hindi: बरैल्वि, Urdu: بریلوی) is a movement of Sunni Islam in South Asia that was founded by Ahmed Raza Khan of Bareilly, India (hence the term Barelwi). ... Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Hanafi is one of the four schools (madhabs) of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam. ... “Matrimony” redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Salat of Quran be merged into this article or section. ... A cleric is a member of the clergy of a religion, especially one that has trained or ordained priests, preachers, or other religious professionals. ...

Hanbali

Main article: Hanbali

Hanbali is considered to be the most conservative of the four schools and the one that relies on Hadeeth the most. The school was started by the students of Imam Ahmad, whose name was Ahmad bin Hanbal (d. 855). Hanbali jurisprudence is predominant among Muslims in the Arabian Peninsula To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Maliki

Main article: Maliki

The Maliki school derives from the work of Imam Malik. Maliki is practiced in North Africa and West Africa. It is the second-largest of the four schools, followed by approximately 25% of Muslims. This page deals with Islamic thought. ... Malik ibn Anas ibn Malik ibn Amr (714 - 796) was one of the most highly respected scholars of fiqh in the Sunni sect of Islam. ...

Shafi'i

Main article: Shafi'i

Shafi'i was founded by Imam Shafi'i, and has adherents among many high ranking Islamic scholars. It is practiced throughout the Ummah, but is most prevalent in Egypt, Somalia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines, and is the school of thought officially followed by the government of Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia. It is followed by approximately 15% of Muslims world-wide. The Šāfiˤī madhab (Arabic: شافعي) is one of the four schools of fiqh, or religious law, within Sunni Islam. ... Imam Shafi (767 - 820) was an Islamic scholar who is considered the founder of the Shafii school of jurisprudence (fiqh). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Schools of Kalam

Main article: Kalam

Kalam is one of the 'religious sciences' of Islam. In Arabic the word means "speech" or "discourse", and refers to the Islamic tradition of seeking theological principles through dialectic. The term is usually translated as 'theology'. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 387 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (544 × 843 pixel, file size: 40 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 387 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (544 × 843 pixel, file size: 40 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Kalam (علم الكلم)is one of the religious sciences of Islam. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ...

Ash'ari

Main article: Ash'ari

Ash'ari is a school of early Muslim philosophy founded in the tenth century. It was instrumental in drastically changing the direction of Islam and laid the groundwork to "shut the door of ijtihad" centuries later in the Ottoman Empire. The Asharite view was that comprehension of unique nature and characteristics of God were beyond human capability. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Early Muslim philosophy can be starkly divided into four clear sets of influences: First, the life of Muhammad or sira which generated both the Quran (revelation) and hadith (his daily utterances and discourses on social and legal matters), during which philosophy was defined by acceptance or rejection of his... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Ottoman (disambiguation). ...

Maturidi

Main article: Maturidi

A Maturidi is one who follows Abu Mansur Al Maturidi's theology, which is a close variant of the Ash'ari school. Points which differ are the nature of belief and the place of human reason. The Maturidis state that belief (iman) does not increase nor decrease but remains static; it is piety (taqwa) which increases and decreases. The Ash'aris say that belief does in fact increase and decrease. The Maturidis say that the unaided human mind is able to find out that some of the more major sins such as alcohol or murder are evil without the help of revelation. The Ash'aris say that the unaided human mind is unable to know if something is good or evil, lawful or unlawful, without divine revelation. In Islam, one who follows Abu Mansur Al Maturidis theology, which is a close variant of Ashari school of thought. ... Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Abu Mansur al-Samarqandi al-Maturidi al-Hanafi (d. ...

Murjite

Main article: Murji'ah

Murjiah (Arabic المرجئة) is an early Islamic school, whose followers are known in English language as Murjites or Murjiites(Arabic المرجئون). During the early centuries of Islam, Muslim thought encountered a multitude of infuences from various ethnic and philosophical groups that it absorbed. ...

Mu'tazili

Main article: Mu'tazili

Mu'tazili theology originated in the 8th century in al-Basrah when Wasil ibn Ata left the teaching lessons of al-Hasan al-Basri after a theological dispute. He and his followers expanded on the logic and rationalism of Greek philosophy, seeking to combine them with Islamic doctrines and show that the two were inherently compatible. The Mu'tazili debated philosophical questions such as whether the Qur'an was created or eternal, whether evil was created by God, the issue of predestination versus free will, whether God's attributes in the Qur'an were to be interpreted allegorically or literally, and whether sinning believers would have eternal punishment in hell. Mutazilah (Arabic المعتزلة al-mu`tazilah) is a theological school of thought within Islam. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... Location of Basra Basra (also known as Başrah or Basara; historically sometimes called Busra, Busrah, and early on Bassorah; Arabic: البصرة, Al-Basrah) is the second largest city of Iraq with an estimated population of about 1,377,000 in 2003. ... Wasil ibn Ata (700–748) (Arabic: ‎) was a Muslim theologian, and by some accounts is considered the founder of the Mutazilite school of Islamic thought. ... Hasan Ul-Basri [Abu Saud ul-Hasan ibn Abi-l-Hasan Vassar ul-Basri], (642 - 728 or 737), Arabian theologian, was born at Medina. ... Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inquiry. ... The Qur’ān [1] (Arabic: ;, literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Alcoran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... For other uses, see Evil (disambiguation). ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Predestination and foreordination are religious concepts, under which the relationship between the beginning of things and the destiny of things is discussed. ... Free-Will is a Japanese independent record label founded in 1986. ... For other uses, see Hell (disambiguation). ...

Shi`ism

Twelvers

Main article: Twelvers

Twelvers are members of the group of Shi'a Islam who believe in twelve Imams. They are the largest Shi'a school of thought (80%), predominant in Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Indian subcontinent, Kuwait, Eastern province of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. Twelvers ( Ithnāˤashariyyah) are those Shiˤa Muslims who believe there were twelve Imāms, as distinct from Ismaili & Zaidi Shiite Muslims, who believe in a different number of Imams or in a different path of succession. ... Shī‘a Islam, also Shi‘ite Islam, or Shi‘ism (Arabic ) is the second largest denomination of the Islamic faith. ... The Shia Imam is considered by the Shia sect of Islam to be the rightful successor to Muhammad, and is similar to the Caliph in Sunni Islam only with regards to the aspect of political leadership. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ... Eastern Province (Arabic: ) is the largest province of Saudi Arabia, located in the east of the country on the Persian Gulf coast, and has land borders with Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Yemen. ...

Usooli

Main article: Usooli

The largest group of Twelver Shi'a, they follow Ayatollahs on the subject of taqleed and fiqh. They are concentrated in Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Akhbari

Main article: Akhbari

Similar to Usoolis, however reject ijtihad in favor of hadith. Concentrated in Bahrain. Akhbaris are Twelver Shia Muslims who favor hadith over fatwas when trying to determine what the Sunnah says about any specific topic. ...

Shaykhi

Main article: Shaykhism

A school of thought that combined ideas of Akhbari scholarship with Sufi beliefs. Shaykhis, religious movement in Iran. ...

Alawi

Main article: Alawi

Twelvers in Syria who regard Ali as having Godhood, much like Christians believe with Jesus Christ. Alawis are also called Nusayris, Nusairis, Namiriya or Ansariyya. An offshoot of the Ismailis, Alawis claim to be Muslims, but they are not considered so by many Muslims, as their religion contains elements of other faiths, such as Christianity. Alawis do not have a central religious or temporal authority. They do not set aside a particular building for worship and only men take part in worship. Because many of the tenets of the faith are secret, Alawis have refused to discuss their faith with outsiders. Slightly over one million of them live in Syria and Lebanon.^[2] Alawite is a Middle Eastern Syria. ...

Alevi

Main article: Alevi

Alevis are sometimes categorized as part of Twelver Shi'a Islam, and sometimes as its own religious tradition. They have many Sufi characteristics and express belief in the Qur'an and the Shi'a Imams, but reject polygamy and accept religious traditions predating Islam, like Turkish Shamanism. They are significant in East-Central Turkey. Sometimes considered a Sufi sect, and have an untraditional form of religious leadership that is not scholarship oriented like other Sunni and Shiah groups. They number around 25 million worldwide, of which 22 million are in Turkey, rest in Balkan, Albania, Bosnia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Syria. Alevis or Alevi-Bektashis (Kurdish: Alevi, Turkish: Aleviler or Alevilik) are a religious community in Turkey, and they make up some 20% of the population of the country. ... The Shia Imam is considered by the Shia sect of Islam to be the rightful successor to Muhammad, and is similar to the Caliph in Sunni Islam only with regards to the aspect of political leadership. ... A shaman doctor of Kyzyl. ...

Ismailiyah

Main article: Ismaili

The Ismailis and Twelvers both accept the same initial Imams from the descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and therefore share much of their early history. However, a dispute arose on the succession of the Sixth Imam, Ja'far as-Sadiq. The Ismailis became those who accepted Ja'far's eldest son Ismail as the next Imam, whereas the Twelvers accepted a younger son, Musa al-Kazim. The IsmāʿīlÄ« (Urdu: اسماعیلی IsmāʿīlÄ«, Arabic: الإسماعيليون al-IsmāʿīliyyÅ«n; Persian: اسماعیلیان Esmāʿīliyān) branch of Islam is the second largest part of the ShÄ«a community, after the Twelvers (Ithnāʿashariyya). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... This article is about Muhammads daughter. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Imam Jafar As-Sadiq (April 20, 702 – December 4, 765), in full Jafar ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn, was the sixth Shia imam, and a theologian and jurist. ... Imam Jafar As-Sadiq (April 20, 702 – December 4, 765), in full Jafar ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn, was the sixth Shia imam, and a theologian and jurist. ... Ismail bin Jafar (Arabic: إسماعيل بن جعفر) was the eldest son of the sixth Shia Imam, Jafar as-Sadiq. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Imam Musa al Kazim (November 10, 745 - September 4, 799) was the seventh Shia Imam (he is not accepted by the Ismailis as the seventh Imam). ...

Nizari

Main article: Nizari

The largest branch (90%) of Ismaili, they are the only Shiah group to be have their absolute temporal leader in the rank of Imamate, which is currently invested in Aga Khan IV; present (Zuhur) in front of the society at large. The present living Imam is Mawlana Shah Karim Al-Husayni who is the 49th Imam. The Nizārī (Arabic النزاريون Al-Nizarin) is the largest branch of Ismāīlī (in Persian: اسماعیلیه) Shīˤa Islām and make up over two thirds of Ismaili Muslims. ... Karīm al-Hussaynī, Āgā Khān IV KBE CC GCC (Arabic: سمو الأمیر شاہ کریم الحسیني آغا خان الرابع) -- (born December 13, 1936) is the current (49th) Imām of the Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims. ...

Druze

Main article: Druze

The Druze are a small distinct community, with aspects of Greek philosophy. Many Muslims view Druzes as heretical. The religion developed in the 11th century around the figure of Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the third Fatimid caliph of Egypt who claimed to be God. The Druze keep the tenets of their Faith secret, and very few details are known. They neither accept converts nor recognize conversion from their religion to another. They are located primarily in the Levant. Religions Druzism Scriptures Rasail al-hikmah (Epistles of Wisdom) Languages Arabic, Hebrew The Druze (Arabic: درزي, derzī or durzī, plural دروز, durūz; ‎, Druzim; also transliterated Druz or Druse) are a Middle Eastern religious community whose traditional religion began as an offshoot of the Ismaili sect of Islam, but is unique... Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inquiry. ... Tāriqu l-Ḥakīm, called bi Amr al-Lāh (Arabic الحاكم بأمر الله Ruler by Gods Command), was the sixth Fatimid Caliph in Egypt, ruling from 996 to 1021. ... For main article see: Caliphate First of all, this system is invalid and is unlawful Islamicly. ... The Levant The Levant (IPA: /ləvænt/) is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern Arabian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia to the east. ...

Bohras

Main article: Bohra

In contrast to the Nizaris, they accept the younger brother Al-Musta'li over Nizar as their Imam. The Bohras believe that the 21st Imam, Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim (a direct descendant of Muhammad via his daughter Fatimah Zahra) went into seclusion and established the offices of the Da'i al-Mutlaq (داعي المطلفق), Ma'zoon (مأذون) and Mukasir (مكاسر) Dawoodi Bohras are the main branch of the Bohras (a Mustali subsect of Ismaili Shia Muslims) based primarily in India and Pakistan. ... Ahmad al-Mustali (d 1101) was the ninth Fatimid Caliph. ... Abu Mansur al-Nizar, (who was surnamed al-Mustapha al-dinillah, meaning the chosen for Gods religion) is a Nizari Ismaili Imam. ... The 21st Fatimid Imam and son of the 20th Fatimid Imam Mansur al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... For other persons of the same name, see Fatima (name). ... The term Dāˤī al-Mutlaq (Arabic: الداعي المطلق) literally means the absolute or unrestricted missionary. In IsmāīlÄ« Islām, the term dāˤī has been used to refer to important religious leaders other than the hereditary Imāms and the Daˤwa or Mission is a clerical-style organisation. ...

Dawoodi Bohras

Mohammed and Ali, written in a single word - in its 180 degree inverted form, shows both the words.

Main article: Dawoodi Bohra

Dawoodi Bohras are the main branch of the Bohras (a Musta'li subsect of Ismaili Shi'a Muslims) based in Pakistan and India. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Dawoodi Bohras (Arabic: داؤدی بوہرہ, Gujarati: દાઉદી બોહરા ) are the main branch of the Bohras, a Mustaˤlī subsect of Ismāīlī Shīˤa Islām, and are based in India. ...

Sulamaini Bohras

Main article: Sulaimani Bohra

Split from the Dawoodi Bohra over would would be the correct dai of the community. Concentrated mainly in Yemen. Sulaimani Bohra are a subsect of Ismaili Mustaali. ... Dai or DAI can mean: DAI, the IATA airport code of Darjeeling airport in India Dai people, one of the 56 recognized ethnic minorities of China Dai (midwife), a traditional midwife in India, belonging to a lower caste Da`i (داعي or داع) in Arabic is a missionary or caller to Islam...

Alavi Bohras

Main article: Alavi Bohra

Split from the Dawoodi Bohra over who would be the correct dai of the community. The smallest branch of the Bohras. Alavi Bohra (Arabic: علوی بوہرہ) are a subsect of Ismaili Mustaali. ... Dai or DAI can mean: DAI, the IATA airport code of Darjeeling airport in India Dai people, one of the 56 recognized ethnic minorities of China Dai (midwife), a traditional midwife in India, belonging to a lower caste Da`i (داعي or داع) in Arabic is a missionary or caller to Islam...

Zaiddiyah

Main article: Zaiddiyah

Zaiddiyahs separated from the Twelver and Ismaili sects of Shi'a Islam over a disagreement as to who the fifth Imam was. Twelvers and Ismailis believe it was Muhammad al-Baqir, while Zaidis hold that it was his half-brother, Zayd ibn Ali. Zaidiyah (Arabic:الزيدية Transliteration: Az-Zaydiyyah, Zaydi, or sometimes, Zaidi. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Muhammad al-Baqir Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (676 - January 31, 743) was the fifth Shia Imam. ... Zayd ibn Ali (d. ...

Kharijite Sects

Main article: Kharijite

Kharijite (lit. "those who seceded") is a general term embracing a variety of Islamic sects which, while originally supporting the Caliphate of Ali, eventually rejected his legitimacy, after he negotiated with Mu'awiya during the 7th Century Islamic civil war.^[3] Their complaint was that the Imam must be spiritually pure, and that Ali's compromise with Mu'awiya was a compromise of his spiritual purity, and therefore of his legitimacy as Imam or Caliph. While there are few remaining Kharijite groups, the term is sometimes used to denote Muslims who refuse to compromise with those with whom they disagree. Kharijites were members of an Islamic sect in late 7th and early 8th century AD, concentrated in todays southern Iraq. ... A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfah), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... Muawiyah I (602 - May 6, 680) was founder of the Umayyad Dynasty of Islamic caliphs. ... The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For main article see: Caliphate First of all, this system is invalid and is unlawful Islamicly. ...

Ibadi

Main article: Ibadi

The only surviving Kharijite sect -at least by name- is the Ibadi, which is concentrated principally in Oman, being formed there less than 50 years after the death of Muhammad. They believe that non-Ibadi Muslims are unbelievers, and follow a line of caliphs that goes from Abu Bakr, to Umar, to Uthman, to Ali, then to Abdullah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi. Specific beliefs include: friendship and unity with the practicing true believers, dis-association and hostility towards unbelievers and sinners, and reservation towards those whose status is unclear. While Ibadi Muslims maintain the beliefs of the original Kharijites, they have rejected the more aggressive methods. Al-Ibāḍiyyah (Arabic الاباضية) is a form of Islam distinct from the Shiite and Sunni denominations. ...

Sufri

Main article: Sufri

The Sufris (Arabic: سفريين) were a sect of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, and a part of the Kharijites. They believe Sura 12 of the Qur'an is not a real Sura. This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... A sect is generally a small religious or political group that has branched off from a larger established group. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... Kharijites (Arabic خوارج, literally Those who Go Out [1]) is a general term embracing a variety of Islamic sects which, while initially accepting the caliphate of Ali, later rejected him. ... Sura Yusuf (Arabic: سورة يوسف ) (Joseph) is the 12th sura of the Quran. ... Sura (sometimes spelt Surah , plural Suwar ) is an Arabic term literally meaning something enclosed or surrounded by a fence or wall. ...

Sufi Orders

Main article: Tariqah

Tariqah ( transliteration: ; pl. ...

Bektashi

Main article: Bektashi

The Bektashi Order was founded in the 13th century by the Islamic saint Hajji Bektash Wali, and greatly influenced during its fomulative period by the Hurufi Ali al-'Ala in the 15th century and reorganized by Balim Sultan in the 16th century. Bektashi are concentrated in Turkey and Albania. The Bektashi order (Turkish: Bektaşi) is a syncretic religious order related to Shia Alevi faith, and is generally considered to be a Shia Sufi sect (Tarika). ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Hajji Bektash Wali (Arabic/Persian: ‎ Ḥājī Baktāš Wālī; Turkish: Hacı Bektaş Veli) was a Muslim mystic, humanist and philosopher from Khorasan, who lived approximately from 1209-1271 in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). ... Hurufism (Arabic حروفية hurufiyya, adjective form hurufi) is a mystical esoteric quasi-Sufi sect that was active in areas of western Persia, Anatolia and Azerbaijan in later 14th - early 15th century. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...

Chishti

Main article: Chishti

The Chishti Order (Persian: چشتیہ ) (tarika) was founded by (Khawaja) Abu Ishaq Shami ("the Syrian") (d. 941) who brought Sufism to the town of Chisht, some 95 miles east of Herat in present-day Afghanistan. Before returning to the Levant, Shami initiated, trained and deputized the son of the local Amir, (Khwaja) Abu Ahmad Abdal (d. 966). Under the leadership of Abu Ahmad’s descendants, the Chishtiyya as they are also known, flourished as a regional mystical order. The Chishti Order was founded by Khwaja Abu Ishaq Shami (the Syrian) (d. ... It has been suggested that Scripts used for Persian be merged into this article or section. ... Tariqah ( transliteration: ; pl. ... Khawaja or Khwaja (Arabic: خواجہ ) is a Muslim title used in Middle East and South Asia. ... // Abu Ishaq Shami is one of the first among the sufi order, namely Chishti Order to call himself Chisti. ... Events Oda the Severe becomes Archbishop of Canterbury Births Charles dOutremer son of Louis IV of France Deaths Categories: 941 ... Sufism is a mystic tradition within Islam and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ... Chisht is a town near Herat in Afghanistan. ... Herāt (Persian: ‎ ) is a city in western Afghanistan, in the province also known as Herāt. ... Emir (also sometimes rendered as Amir or Ameer, Arabic commander) is a title of nobility historically used in Islamic nations of the Middle East and North Africa. ... Abu Ahmad Abdal was son of Sultan Farsanafah. ... Events April 14 or April 30 - Mieszko I, first duke of Poland, baptised a Christian Births Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese regent Deaths King Dubh I of Scotland Categories: 966 ...

Naqshbandi

Main article: Naqshbandi

The Naqshbandi order is one of the major Sufi orders (tariqa) of Islam. Formed in 1380, the order is considered by some to be a "sober" order known for its silent dhikr (remembrance of God) rather than the vocalized forms of dhikr common in other orders. The word Naqshbandi نقشبندی is Persian, taken from the name of the founder of the order, Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari. Some have said that the translation means "related to the image-maker," some also consider it to mean "Pattern Maker" rather than "image maker," and interpret "Naqshbandi" to mean "Reformer of Patterns", and others consider it to mean "Way of the Chain" or "Golden Chain." Naqshbandi (Naqshbandiyya) is one of the major Sufi orders (tariqa) of Islam. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... This article is in need of attention. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Dhikr , ذکر (Zikr in Urdu and Zekr in Persian) (Arabic pronouncement, invocation or remembrance) is an Islamic practice that focuses on the remembrance of God. ... It has been suggested that Scripts used for Persian be merged into this article or section. ... Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari (1318 - 1389) was the founder of what would become one of the largest and most influential Sufi Muslim orders, the Naqshbandi. ...

Oveyssi

Main article: Oveyssi

The Oveyssi Order was founded 1,400 years ago by Oveys Gharani from Yemen. Oveys received the teachings of Islam inwardly through his heart and lived by the principles taught by him, although he had never physically met the Holy Prophet. At times Mohammad would say of him, "I feel the breath of the Merciful, coming to me from Yemen.” Shortly before the Mohammad passed away, he directed Omar (second Caliph) and Ali (the first Imam of the Shi'a) to take his cloak to Uwais. According to Hujwiri, Farid al-Din Attar of Nishapur and Sheikh Mohammad Ghader Bagheri, the first recipient of Mohammad’s Cloak was Oveys. The Oveyssi order is still in existence today with over 500,000 students and numerous centers worldwide. The present Pir, Molana Salaheddin Ali Nader Shah Angha, was officially appointed as the forty-second Sufi master in the unbroken chain of transmission on September 4, 1970, when the cloak of the prophet Mohammad was bestowed upon him by his father Shah Maghsoud Sadegh Angha. The Holy Quran, 2:148 Whoever knows the true self, knows God. ... Uwais al-Qarni or Oveys Gharani (Arabic: أويس القرني) (died 657 A.D.) was a Muslim resident of Qaran in Yemen who lived during the lifetime of Muhammad. ... Look up Omar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... Data Durbar, Hujwiris shrine in Lahore, Pakistan Syed Abul Hassan Bin Usman Bin Ali Al-Hajweri (Arabic: سید علی بن عثمان الہجوہری ) (sometimes spelled Hujwiri), also known as Shaikh Ali Hajweri, Data Ganj Bakhsh (Urdu: داتا گنج بخش ), or Data Sahib, was a scholar of Islam and a Sufi saint, and writer of the 11th century. ... Farid al-Din Attar (b. ... Nishapur (or Neyshâbûr; نیشابور in Persian) is a town in the province of Khorasan in northeastern Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains, near the regional capital of Mashhad. ... Salaheddin Ali Nader Shah Angha (Persian: صلاح الدین علی نادر شاه عنقا) is presently the 42nd official and exclusive master of Maktab Tarighat Oveyssi Shahmaghsoudi (School of Islamic Sufism) in a continuous succession of Sufi masters dating back 1,400 years ago to the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Official Emblem of the Oveyssi-Shahmaghsoudi School of Islamic Sufism®, All Rights Reserved. ...

Qadiri

Main article: Qadiriyyah

The Qadiri Order is one of the oldest Sufi tariqahs, derives its name from Abdul Qadir Jilani (1077-1166), a native of the Iranian province of Gilan. In 1134 he was made principal of a Hanbalite school in Baghdad. Qadiriyyah (Arabic: القادريه) (also transliterated Qadiri), is one of the oldest Sufi tariqas, derives its name from Abdul Qadir Jilani (also transliterated as Gilani) (1077-1166), a native of the Iranian province of Gilan. ... Tariqah ( transliteration: ; pl. ... Sheikh Muhyiddeen Abdul Qadir Gilani , Abdul Qadir al-Gilani , Abdul Qadir el-Gilani or Moulay Abdelkader Jilali (in Maghreb countries (Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلانى ); (1077 – 1166 CE) was a mystic scholar and saint of Islam. ... Guilan (گیلان in Persian) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran, during antique time known as part of Hyrcania, with a population of approximately 2 million and an area of 14,700 sq. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ...

The order is one of the most widespread of the Sufi orders in the Islamic world and can be found in India, Pakistan, Turkey and the Balkans and much of East and West Africa. The Qadiriyyah has not developed any distinctive doctrines or teachings outside of mainstream Islam. They believe in the fundamental principles of Islam, but interpreted through mystical experience. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...  Eastern Africa (UN subregion)  East African Community  Central African Federation (defunct)  geographic, including above East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easternmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ...

Suhrawardiyya

Main article: Suhrawardiyya

The Suhrawardiyya order (Arabic: سهروردية ) is the name of a Sufi order founded by Diya al-din Abu 'n-Najib as-Suhrawardi (1097 – 1168). Suhrawardiyya is the name of a Sufi order founded by Shihabuddin Yahya as-Suhrawardi. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... Abu al-Najib al-Suhrawardi (1097 – 1168) was an Iranian Sufi. ... Events Edgar I deposes Donald III to become king of Scotland. ... // Events December 22 - Afraid that Old Cairo would be captured by the Crusaders, its Caliph orders the city set afire. ...

Movements within sects

Salafism

Main article: Salafi

Salafis preach Islamic monotheism, or tawhid, and gained significant teachings from Ibn Taymiya, a 14th century Syrian scholar. Salafism is in general opposed to Sufism and Shi'a Islam, which they regard as heresies. Salafi theology advocates a puritanical and legalistic stance in matters of faith and religious practice. They see their role as a movement to restore Islam from what they perceive to be innovations, superstitions, deviances, heresies and idolatries. This article is on the beliefs of the followers of the Salaf. ... For the Celtic Frost album, see Monotheist (album) In theology, monotheism (from Greek one and god) is the belief in the existence of one deity or God, or in the oneness of God. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Taqi Ad-din Abu Al-abbas Ahmad Ibn abd As-salam Ibn abd Allah Ibn Muhammad Ibn Taymiya (Arabic: أبو عباس تقي الدين أحمد بن عبد السلام بن عبد الله ابن تيمية الحراني) (January 22, 1263 - 1328), was an Islamic scholar born in Harran, located in what is now Turkey, close to the Syrian border. ... Sufism is a mystic tradition within Islam and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ... Shī‘a Islam, also Shi‘ite Islam, or Shi‘ism (Arabic ) is the second largest denomination of the Islamic faith. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ...

Wahhabism

Main article: Wahhabism

Wahhabism was revived by the 18th-century teacher Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab in the Arabian peninsula, and was instrumental in the rise of the House of Saud to power. Wahhabism is a puritanical and legalistic Islamic movement under the Sunni umbrella, and is the dominant form of Islam in Saudi Arabia. In addition to the Qur'an and hadith, it also accepts various commentaries including Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's Kitab al-Tawhid ("Book of Monotheism"), and the works of the earlier scholar Ibn Taymiyya. They are often associated with the Hanbali maddhab. Wahhabism (Arabic: Al-WahhābÄ«yya الوهابية, Wahabism) is a branch of Sunni Islam practised by those who follow the teachings of Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, after whom the movement is named. ... Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab al-Tamimi (1703 C.E. – 1792 C.E.) (Arabic:محمد بن عبد الوهاب التميمى) was an Arab theologian born in the Najd, in present-day Saudi Arabia and the most famous scholar of the movement within Islam known as the Wahhabi movement. ... The House of Saud ( transliteration: ) is the royal family of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ... The Qur’ān [1] (Arabic: ;, literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Alcoran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Abu al-Abbas Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Abd al-Salaam ibn Abdullah ibn Taymiya al-Harrani, was a jurist, reformer, preacher, scholar, exegete of Islam. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Madhhab(مذهب) (Madhahib, pl) is an Islamic term that refers to a school of thought or religious jurisprudence (fiqh) within Sunni Islam. ...

Liberal

Main article: Liberal movements within Islam

Liberal and progressive movements have in common a religious outlook which depends mainly on ijtihad or re-interpretations of scriptures. Liberal Muslims believe in greater autonomy of the individual in interpretation of scripture, a critical examination of religious texts, gender equality, and a modern view of culture, tradition, and other ritualistic practices in Islam. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Islamism

Main article: Islamism

Islamism is a term that refers to a set of political ideologies derived from various fundamentalist views, which hold that Islam is not only a religion, but a political system governing the legal, economic and social imperatives of the state. The religious views of Islamist organizations vary. The most prominent group is probably Al-Qaeda, to which the hijackers of the September 11, 2001 attacks were affiliated. Other groups include the Muslim Brotherhood, the largest opposition party in Egypt, and Hezbollah in Lebanon. Although violence is often employed by some organizations as a means to an end, not all Islamist movements are violent. Islamist is sometimes also used for a scholar who studies Islam and Muslim societies. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... The Muslim Brothers (Arabic: الإخوان المسلمون al-ikhwān al-muslimÅ«n, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply الإخوان al-ikhwān, the Brotherhood or MB) is a world-wide Sunni Islamist movement and the worlds largest, most influential Islamist group[1]. The MB is the largest political... For other uses, see Hezbollah (disambiguation). ...

Tablighi Jama'at

Main article: Tablighi Jamaat

Originating in India in 1838 in the Mewat province, Tablighi Jama'at aims to bring spiritual awakening to the world Muslims. It was Mawlana Muhammad Ilyas who laid the spiritual foundation of the Movement. Tablighi Jamaat (Conveying[1] Group) (Arabic: تبليغ جماعة, also Tabliq) is a Muslim missionary and revival movement. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Mawlana Muhammad Ilyas is the founder of the Tablighi Jamaat of South Asian subcontinent. ...

Other sects

The followers of these sects consider themselves to be Muslim, but may not be recognized as such by the mainstream. Ghulat (Arabic: غلاة extremists) is the adjectival form of Ghuluww (Arabic: غلو extremism). ...

Zikri

Main article: Zikri

Zikri is claimed to be based around the teachings of Syed Mohammad Jaunpuri, a 15th century Mahdi claimant. In religious practice, the Zikris differ greatly from mainstream Muslims. Zikris perform five times daily prayers called Zikr in which sacred verses are recited, as compared to the orthodox practice of Salah. Most Zikris live in Balochistan, but a large number also live in Karachi, interior Sindh, Oman and Iran. Zikri is a small Islamic sect that is concentrated in Balochistan. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... Arabic. ... It has been suggested that Salat of Quran be merged into this article or section. ... Balochistan, or Ballsforchinstan, Balochi, Pashto, Urdu: بلوچستان) is a province in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area. ...   (Urdu: , Sindhi: ) is the capital of the province of Sindh, and the largest city in Pakistan. ... Sindh (SindhÄ«: سنڌ, UrdÅ«: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. ...

Ahmadiyya

Main article: Ahmadiyya

Members of the Ahmadiyya (also called Qadiani and Mirzai) movement are followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who claimed to be the promised Messiah, and Mahdi at end of the nineteenth century. The followers are divided into two groups, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, the former believing that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was a non-law bearing Prophet, and the latter believing that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was only a revivalist. Followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmed consider themselves Muslim but they are considered non-Muslim by the other Muslims because of the issue of prophethood of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. Ahmadi Muslims are followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. ... Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (مرزا غلام احمد) (February 13, 1835; May 26, 1908), a controversial religious figure from Qadian, India, was the founder of the Ahmadiyya religious movement. ... In Judaism, the Messiah (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian  ; Arabic: ,  ; Aramaic:  ; the Anointed One) at first meant any person who was anointed with oil on rising to a certain position among the ancient Israelites, at first that of High priest, later that of King and also that of a prophet. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (Arabic: الجماعة الأحمدية; transliterated: ) is one of two communities arising from the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat founded in 1889 by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian (1835-1908). ... The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-i-Islam (not to be confused with the Ahmadiyya Muslim Association), formed as a result of an ideological differences[1] between the Ahmadiyya Community (also known among some Muslim groups as Qadianism), after the demise Maulawi Nur ud-Din in 1914, the first... Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (مرزا غلام احمد) (February 13, 1835; May 26, 1908), a controversial religious figure from Qadian, India, was the founder of the Ahmadiyya religious movement. ...

Nation of Islam

Main article: Nation of Islam

The Nation of Islam was founded by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930 with a declared aim of "resurrecting" the spiritual, mental, social and economic condition of the black man and woman of America and the world. The expressed teachings of the Nation of Islam have been subject to many changes, with at one point believing Fard to be God incarnate, being re-named the Muslim American Society, having a major division, and then a reconciliation. It is viewed by almost all Muslims as a heretical cult. Warith Deen Muhammad, a former leader of the Nation of Islam, and now a Sunni Muslim, as well as many other former members and others have been calling the Nation of Islam to merge into mainstream Sunni Islam. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Wallace Fard Muhammad (1877-1893? – ?) was a preacher and founder of the Black-nationalist movement the Nation of Islam (NOI), establishing its first mosque in Detroit, Michigan. ... Warith Deen Muhammad The Honorable and Eminent, al-Imam Warith Deen Mohammad (born Wallace D. Muhammad on October 30, 1933) is an influential American Muslim leader. ...

Moorish Science

Main article: Moorish Science Temple of America

This faith was founded by Timothy Drew in 1913 in the United States. Its main tenet is that African Americans were descended from the Moors and thus were originally Islamic. Its followers claim it to be a sect of Islam but it also has almost equal influences in Buddhism, Christianity, Freemasonry, Gnosticism and Taoism. They have their own book that they call "Circle Seven Koran". The Moorish Science Temple of America is a religious organization founded in 1913 by Noble Drew Ali, is a sect of Islam, Gnosticism and Taoism. ... The Moorish Science Temple of America is a religion founded in the early 20th century claiming to be a sect of Islam, but having equal influences in Buddhism, Christianity, Freemasonry, Gnosticism and Taoism. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... The Moors are the Muslim African and Arab inhabitants of the western Mediterranean and western Sahara, including the Maghreb (the coastal and mountain lands of present day Morocco and Algeria, and Tunisia although Tunisia often is separately called Ifriqiya after the former Roman province of Africa); al-Andalus (the former... A silhouette of Buddha at Ayutthaya, Thailand. ... Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch... “Freemasons” redirects here. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... The Circle Seven Koran comprises the holy scriptures of the Moorish Science Temple of America, authored by their prophet the Noble Drew Ali. ...

Submitters

Main article: United Submitters International

The United Submitters International (USI) is a religious group, founded by Dr. Rashad Khalifa. Submitters considers themselves to be adhering to true Islam, but prefer not to use the terms "Muslim" or "Islam," instead using the English equivalents: "Submitter" or "Submission." Submitters consider Khalifa to be a Messenger of God. Specific beliefs of the USI include: the dedication of all worship practices to God alone, upholding the Quran alone (with the exception of two rejected Quranic verses,^[4] and rejecting the Islamic traditions of hadith and sunnah attributed to Muhammad. The main group attends "Masjid Tucson" [2] in Arizona, USA. The United Submitters International (USI) is a religious group, founded by Rashad Khalifa. ... Rashad Khalifa, 1989 Rashad Khalifa (November 19, 1935 – January 31, 1990) was an Egyptian biochemist who became a US citizen and took residence in Tucson, Arizona. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( ▶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ...

Qur'an Alone

Main article: Qur'an Alone

"Qur'an-Aloners", or "Qur'anists" are those who follow the Quran alone without additional details. They are further divided into groups. Quran alone Muslims, Quranic Muslims or sometimes, anti-hadith Muslims are those Muslims who reject hadith, or preserved traditions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and follow the Quran, a sacred text of Islam, exclusively. ...

Related faiths

The followers of these religions do not consider themselves to be Muslim, but have a strong connection to the religion of Islam.

Yazidi

Main article: Yazidi

The Yazidi are adherents of a small Middle Eastern religion. They are primarily ethnic Kurds, and most live near Mosul, Iraq. Yazidi theology is complex and are closely guarded secrets. They venerate a supreme creator God, and another entity called "Melek Taus", variably translated as "King Peacock" or "The Peacock Angel". They celebrate Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir, a 12th century leader who reformed the religion. Like the Druze and the Mandaeans, they have suffered persecution from the dominant Muslims. Languages Kurmanji, Arabic Religions Yazdânism (Yazidism) Related ethnic groups other Kurds The Yazidi (also Yezidi, Kurdish: Êzidîtî or Êzidî, Arabic: يزيدي or ايزيدي) are adherents of the smallest of the three branches of Yazdânism, a Middle Eastern religion with roots in Zoroastrianism. ... Languages Kurmanji, Arabic Religions Yazdânism (Yazidism) Related ethnic groups other Kurds The Yazidi (also Yezidi, Kurdish: Êzidîtî or Êzidî, Arabic: يزيدي or ايزيدي) are adherents of the smallest of the three branches of Yazdânism, a Middle Eastern religion with roots in Zoroastrianism. ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ... MosÅ«l (36°22′ N 43°07′ E Arabic: al-Mawsil), Kurdish: Mûsil, or Nineveh (Syriac: ܢܝܢܘܐ) is a city in northern Iraq/Central Assyria. ... Melek Taus (The Peacock Angel, Arabic ملاك طاووس) is the Yazidis name for the central figure of their faith. ... Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir al Umawi (Arabic: عدي بن مسافر الاموي) reformed the Yezidi faith of the Kurdish people in 1162. ... Mandaeism or Mandaeanism (Mandaic: mandaiuta) is a blanket term for the religion of the Mandaeans (Classical Mandaic mandaiia, Neo-Mandaic Mandeyānā) who are the followers of Mendā d-Heyyi (Mandaic manda Knowledge of Life). Mandaeism is a monotheistic religion practiced primarily in southern Iraq and the Iranian province of...

Bábism

Main article: Bábism

In 1844 a young man from Shiraz, Iran proclaimed to be the Mahdi and took on the title of "The Báb". The religion he began officially broke away from Islam, and gained a significant following in Iran. His followers were called heretics by the state, and in 1850 the Báb was publicly executed. Most Babis accepted the claims of Bahá'u'lláh, henceforth considering themselves Bahá'ís.^[5] The room where The Báb declared His mission on May 23, 1844 in His house in Shiraz. ... Eram Garden, Shiraz most popular garden. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... Shrine of the Báb at night from above in Haifa, Israel. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Shrine of Baháulláh Baháulláh (ba-haa-ol-laa Arabic: Glory of God) (November 12, 1817 - May 29, 1892), born Mírzá usayn-`Alí (Persian: ), was the founder of the Baháí Faith. ...

Bahá'í Faith

Main article: Bahá'í Faith

Following the death of the Báb the majority of Bábís turned to Bahá'u'lláh, a respected leader of that community, eventually calling themselves Bahá'ís. Bahá'ís believe that the Bábí and Islamic prophecies of the end times and the return of the Mahdi and Jesus were fulfilled. As does the Shaykhi school of Islamic interpretation, to which this group is historically connected, Bahá'ís interpret Islamic (and other) eschatology symbolically and metaphorically. Bahá'ís believe Bahá'u'lláh to be a Manifestation of God, a messenger on par with Muhammad. Due to its background and history, it is sometimes categorized as a sect of Islam, which is denied by its adherents and the Muslim mainstream. Bahá'ís are persecuted as apostates in some Islamic countries, especially Iran. Seat of the Universal House of Justice, governing body of the Baháís, in Haifa, Israel The Baháí Faith is the religion founded by Baháulláh in 19th-century Persia (Iran). ... Shrine of Baháulláh Baháulláh (ba-haa-ol-laa Arabic: Glory of God) (November 12, 1817 - May 29, 1892), born Mírzá usayn-`Alí (Persian: ), was the founder of the Baháí Faith. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Shaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsai (1753 - 1826), better known as Shaykh Ahmad, was the founder of a 19th century Shia religious movement in the Persian and Ottoman empires, whose followers were known as Shaykhis. ... For the book by Pope Benedict XVI, see Eschatology (book). ... The Baháí Faith refers to what are commonly called prophets as Manifestations of God, or simply Manifestations (mazhar) who are directly linked with the concept of Progressive revelation. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Apostasy (Greek απο, apo, away, apart, στασις, stasis, standing) is the formal renunciation of ones religion. ...

Sikhism

Main article: Sikhism

Sikhism has had strong influence from both Islam and Hinduism but more from the latter. Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is a religion that began in fifteenth century Northern India with the teachings of Nanak and nine successive human gurus. ...

Five Percenters

Main article: The Nation of Gods and Earths

An offshoot of the Nation of Islam, this group was formed in Harlem, New York in the late 1960s by Clarence 13X, who proclaimed himself to be Allah (God). The group believes God is black and focuses on bringing justice to African-American youth. They have little relation to mainstream Islam, except that they use the expression "Allahu Akbar". This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the Harlem neighborhood in New York City. ... Languages Predominantly American English Religions Protestantism (chiefly Baptist and Methodist); Roman Catholicism; Islam Related ethnic groups Sub-Saharan Africans and other African groups, some with Native American groups. ... This article is about Islamic religious phrase God is most great. For other usages, see Allahu Akbar (disambiguation). ...

Nuwaubu

Main article: Nuwaubianism

At various times known as the "Ansaaru Allah Community", "Nubian Islamic Hebrews" and Nuwaubians, this group no longer pretends to be Muslim. Its founder and leader, Dwight York, was known as "As Sayyid Al Imaam Issa Al Haadi Al Mahdi" (which means 'The Chief The Leader Jesus The Guide The Messiah' in Arabic) and other similar names when he was claiming to be a Muslim and the successor to Elijah Mohammed. The religion is now based on ancient Sumerian and Egyptian religions with extraterrestrial revelations from the alien spirit inhabiting York. Nuwaubian flag as designed by Malachi Z. York The various doctrines and practices of the followers of Malachi Z. York are sometimes referred to as “Nuwaubu”/“Nuwaupu”, “Wu-Nuwaubu”, “Right Knowledge”, “Sound Right Reasoning”, “Overstanding”, and “Factology” but have had many other names through the years. ... Nuwaubian flag as designed by Malachi Z. York The various doctrines and practices of the followers of Malachi Z. York are sometimes referred to as “Nuwaubu”/“Nuwaupu”, “Wu-Nuwaubu”, “Right Knowledge”, “Sound Right Reasoning”, “Overstanding”, and “Factology” but have had many other names through the years. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...

References

See also

• Pan-Islamism
• Succession to Muhammad
• Sunni-Shia relations
• List of religions

Pan-Islam is a religious movement calling for the Muslims of the world to unite. ... The Succession to Muhammad concerns the different viewpoints and beliefs that are held in relation to the succession to the leadership of the Muslim community, or ummah, after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... The following is a list of religions. ...

External links

• Schisms and Heterodoxy Among Muslims
• Statement issued by the International Islamic Conference held in Amman, Jordan, July 4-6, 2005