Dmanisi is a site in eastern Georgia approximately 85 km southwest of Tbilisi in the Mashavera River Valley. It is located on the territory of the medieval town of Dmanisi, which was of great importance as the caravan routes to the Byzantine Empire, Armenia and Persia converged here. View of Tiflis from the Grounds of Saint David Church, ca. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople. ... Persia and Persian can refer to: the Western name for Iran. ...

The excavations of the ruins of Dmanisi were begun in 1936 and continued in the 1960s. Beneath the medieval cellars archeologists found animal bones, among which Georgian paleontologist Prof. A. Vekua identified the teeth of the extinct rhino Dicerorhinus etruscus etruscus in 1983. This species is typical of Villafranchian faunas, which shows Early Pleistocene epoch. In 1984 first stone tools also were discovered. Since that year Georgian scientists have been excavating the pleistocene deposits at Dmanisi and, in 1991 they were joined by German archeologists from Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum. Work in Dmanisi has now evolved into an international research project under the auspices of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, with participants of colleagues from Germany, the USA, France and Spain. 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The 1960s, or The Sixties, in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ... 1983 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale, usually dated as 1. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Georgian Academy of Sciences (GAS) unites the 63 scientific-research Institutes and Centers of the Republic of Georgia. ...

In 1999 and 2001, fossil hominid skulls and jaws later described as Homo georgicus were found at Dmanisi. 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey 2001 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Genera Subfamily Ponginae Pongo - Orangutans Gigantopithecus (extinct) Sivapithecus (extinct) Lufengpithecus (extinct) Ankarapithecus (extinct) Subfamily Homininae Gorilla - Gorillas Pan - Chimpanzees Homo - Humans Dryopithecus (extinct) Ouranopithecus (extinct) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Orrorin (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Pierolapithecus (extinct) (tentative) The hominids are the members of the biological family Hominidae... Binomial name Homo georgicus Homo georgicus is a species that was suggested to 2002 to describe fossil hominid skulls and jaws found in Dmanisi, Georgia in 1999 and 2001, which seem intermediate between Homo habilis and H. erectus. ...

See also

• Cradle of Humanity
• Subdivisions of Georgia

The 19th-century evangelical Protestants who invented the term Cradle of Humanity made generalized but undocumented claims that the term originated in Mesopotamia in the 2nd century, and that it was used by early Christians who were non-Arab, to refer to a geographic area that falls within a 1... Georgia is divided into 53 provinces, 11 cities and 2 autonomous republics. ...

External links

• Official Site
• Skull D2700