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The DNS provides a vital service on the Internet, because while computers and network hardware work with IP addresses to perform tasks such as addressing and routing, humans generally find it easier to work with host names and domain names, for example in URLs and e-mail addresses.
Paul Mockapetris invented the DNS in 1983; the original specifications appear in RFC 882.
The DNS uses TCP and UDP on port 53 to serve requests.
This file is now used primarily for troubleshooting DNS errors or mapping local addresses to more organic names (the Hosts file can also be used for ad blocking, or it can be used by spyware to hijack a computer).
Since this can introduce a bootstrapping problem when the name of the nameserver is in the domain about which nothing is yet known, it is occasionally necessary for the nameserver providing the delegation to also provide the IP address of the next nameserver.
And, any DNS changes on your domain other than the NS records and authoritative DNS server names can be nearly instantaneous, if you choose for them to be (by lowering the TTL once or twice ahead of time, and waiting until the old TTL expires before making the change).
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