The Dnepr rocket (Ukrainian: Дніпро, Dnipro; Russian: Днепр, Dnepr) is a space launch vehicle named after the Dnieper River. It is a converted ICBM used for launching artificial satellites into orbit, operated by launch service provider ISC Kosmotras. The first launch, on April 21, 1999, successfully place UoSAT-12, a 350 kg demonstration mini-satellite, into a 650 km circular LEO.^[1][2] A Saturn V launch vehicle sends Apollo 15 on its way to the moon. ... The A.M. Makarov Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant, or PA Yuzhmash ( Ukrainian: ; Russian: ; literally Production Association Southern Machine-Building Plant named after A.M. Makarov) is a Ukrainian manufacturer of agricultural equipment, buses, trolley buses and trams, wind turbines, space rockets, and satellites. ... The metre or meter is a measure of length. ... This article is about a foot as a unit of length. ... The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et... The pound (abbreviations: lb or, sometimes in the United States, #) is a unit of mass (called weight in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... In cargo transport, the payload is the valuable contents of the vehicle. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... International Space Station insignia ISS Statistics Crew: 3 As of June 20, 2007 Perigee: 319. ... Trans Lunar Injection (TLI) is a term describing the propulsion maneuver used to set a spacecraft on a trajectory which will intersect the Moon. ... Map showing the location of Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakh: Байқоңыр ғарыш айлағы, Bayqoñır ÄŸarış aylağı; Russian: Космодром Байконур, Kosmodrom Baykonur), also called Tyuratam, is the worlds oldest and largest operational space launch facility. ... Dombarovskiy is an ICBM-base at 51°0 N. and 58°0 E. in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newtons Second and Third Laws. ... This article is about the SI unit of force. ... A pound-force (abbreviations: lbf or lbf) is a unit of force. ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... Nitrogen tetroxide (or Dinitrogen tetroxide) (N2O4) is a hypergolic propellant often used in combination with a hydrazine-based rocket fuel. ... Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine) is a hypergolic rocket fuel ingredient, often used in combination with the oxidiser nitrogen tetroxide. ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... Nitrogen tetroxide (or Dinitrogen tetroxide) (N2O4) is a hypergolic propellant often used in combination with a hydrazine-based rocket fuel. ... Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine) is a hypergolic rocket fuel ingredient, often used in combination with the oxidiser nitrogen tetroxide. ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... Nitrogen tetroxide (or Dinitrogen tetroxide) (N2O4) is a hypergolic propellant often used in combination with a hydrazine-based rocket fuel. ... Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine) is a hypergolic rocket fuel ingredient, often used in combination with the oxidiser nitrogen tetroxide. ... The Space Shuttle is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A Solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... The Space Shuttle is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A Solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... Nitrogen tetroxide (or Dinitrogen tetroxide) (N2O4) is a hypergolic propellant often used in combination with a hydrazine-based rocket fuel. ... Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine) is a hypergolic rocket fuel ingredient, often used in combination with the oxidiser nitrogen tetroxide. ... A Saturn V launch vehicle sends Apollo 15 on its way to the moon. ... The Dnieper River (also known as: Dnepr, Dniapro, or Dnipro) is a river which flows from Russia, through Belarus and Ukraine, ending its flow in the Black Sea. ... A Minuteman III missile soars after a test launch. ... For other uses, please see Satellite (disambiguation) A satellite is an object that orbits another object (known as its primary). ... The International Space Company Kosmotras or ISC Kosmotras is a joint project, established in 1997, of Russia, Ukraine, and the Republic of Kazakhstan. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... UoSAT-12, the twelfth satellite in the University of Surrey series, was designed and built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL). ... Look up leo, Leo, LEO in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Converted missile

The Dnepr is based on the R-36MUTTH ICBM -- called the SS-18 Satan by NATO -- designed by the Yuzhnoe Design Bureau in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. The Dnepr is three-stage rocket using storable toxic liquid propellants. The launch vehicles used for satellite launches are withdrawn from service with the Russian Strategic Rocket Forces and stored for commercial use. A group of 150 ICBMs can be converted for use and are available until 2020. The Dnepr can be launched from Baikonur in Kazakhstan and a newly created Cosmodrome at the Yasny launch base (Dombarovsky), in the Orenburg region of Russia. The R-36 is a family of intercontinental ballistic missile and space launch vehicle designs created by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. ... Yuzhnoe Design Bureau (Russian: Конструкторское бюро «Южное»), in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, is a manufacturer of satellites and rockets, formerly a Soviet manufacturer of ICBMs. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Dnipropetrovsk highlighted. ... The second stage of a Minuteman III rocket A multistage (or multi-stage) rocket is, like any rocket, propelled by the recoil pressure of the burning gases it emits as it burns fuel. ... 2020 (MMXX) will be a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map showing Baikonurs location in Kazakhstan. ...

Performance

The Dnepr launch vehicle has only a small number of modifications compared to the R-36M ICBM in service. The main difference is the payload adapter located the space head module and modified flight-control unit. This baseline version can lift 3,600 kg into a 300-km low earth orbit at an inclination of 50.6°, or 2,300 kg to a 300-km sun-synchronous orbit at an inclination of 98.0°. On a typical mission the Dnepr deploys a larger main payload and a secondary payload of Miniaturized satellites and CubeSats. A number of Space Tugs are under development which will be placed inside the space head module, thereby sacrificing volume and payload but enabling orbits requiring more energy, including planetary escape orbits. A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... Inclination in general is the angle between a reference plane and another plane or axis of direction. ... By analogy with the geosynchronous orbit, a heliosynchronous orbit is a heliocentric orbit of radius 24. ... Miniaturized satellites are recent artificial satellites of unusually low weights and small sizes. ... CP-1, CalPoly Cubesat Ncube-2, a Norwegian Cubesat A CubeSat is a type of space research picosatellite with dimensions of 10×10×10 centimetres (i. ...

Launch history

Before the Dnepr entered commercial service it was in service with the Strategic Rocket Forces which launched the ICBM version over 160 times with a reliability of 97%. The rocket has been used ten times for commercial purposes with a single failure. The Strategic Rocket Forces of Russia (Russian: Ракетные войска стратегического назначения (РВСН), transliteration: Raketnye voyska strategicheskogo naznacheniya) are a major division of the Russian armed forces that controls Russias land-based ICBMs. ...

is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... UoSAT-12, the twelfth satellite in the University of Surrey series, was designed and built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL). ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Demeter (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) is a CNES micro-satellite launched in 2004 with a 2-year planned lifetime, for developing earthquake prediction. ... is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... OICETS (other name Kirari) is an experimental satellite by JAXA to demonstrate interorbital communication between satellites through optical (laser) means. ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Genesis I, is the first experimental space habitat designed and built by the private American firm Bigelow Aerospace as the first of six to ten test spacecraft. ... Dombarovskiy is an ICBM-base at 51°0 N. and 58°0 E. in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. ... July 26 is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Nations and Organizations of Ace Combat. ... Rincon 1 is a Cubesat build by the Student Satellite Program of the University of Arizona. ... In various religions, sacred (from Latin, sacrum, sacrifice) or holy, objects, places or concepts are believed by followers to be intimately connected with the supernatural, or divinity, and are thus greatly revered. ... The satellites nCube-1 and nCube-2 was two Norwegian student satellites, build by students at several Norwegian universities and university colleges. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... EgyptSat-1 is Egypts first Earth remote sounding Satellite. ... AKS 1 is a solar sail experimental satellite. ... Libertad 1 (English: Freedom 1) is a single CubeSat built by the Space Program of the Sergio Arboleda University. ... The Multi-Application Survivable Tether (MAST) experiment is a picosatellite-based investigation of spacecraft connected by tethers. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... TerraSAR-X is an Earth observation satellite, built and operated by the German Aerospace Center and EADS Astrium. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... For the 1973 TV movie, see Genesis II. An artists conception by Bigelow Aerospace of Genesis II. The experimental space habitat Genesis II is planned to be the second subscale pathfinder mission by Bigelow Aerospace to test and confirm systems to be used in the private companys future... Dombarovskiy is an ICBM-base at 51°0 N. and 58°0 E. in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... RapidEye is a commercial multispectral remote sensing satellite mission being designed and implemented by MDA for RapidEye AG. The RapidEye sensor images five optical bands in the 400-850nm range and provides 6. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... KiwiSat is to be New Zealands first satellite. ... Information in this article or section has not been verified against sources and may not be reliable. ... Transorbital® is the only private company to be authorized by the US State Department and NOAA for commercial flights to the Moon. ... BLUEsat is currently a Student Project managed and run entirely by students at http://www. ...

Launch failure

The committee investigating the failed launch on July 26, 2006 concluded that the failure was caused by a malfunctioning of the pumping hydraulic drive of combustion chamber #4. The control malfunctioning brought about the disturbances, which led to the roll instability, excessive dispersions of the yaw and pitch angles. Thrust termination occurred at 74 seconds after lift off. The crash site was located 150 km from the launch pad in an unpopulated area of Kazakhstan. Toxic propellants did pollute the crash site, forcing Russia to pay US$1.1m in compensation^[9]. The rocket used for this launch was more than twenty years old. Procedures for launch have been changed to prevent future malfunctions of this kind. July 26 is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

References

1. ^ The Dnepr launcher. RussianSpaceWeb.com.
2. ^ UoSAT-12 Integrates with Dnepr for Launch on 21 April. Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.
3. ^ EgyptSat 1/Saudisat-3 launch details (Russian). Roskosmos.
4. ^ TerraSAR-X launch details (Russian). Roskosmos.
5. ^ JAESat Master.
6. ^ Picard. CNES.
7. ^ Prisma Satellit.
8. ^ KiwiSAT - Launch to Orbit.
9. ^ Russia to pay Kazakhstan over US$1 million in compensation for damage from rocket crash. International Herald Tribune (2006-10-03).

Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, or SSTL, is a spin-off company of the University of Surrey that builds and operates small satellites. ... The Russian Federal Space Agency (Russian: Федеральное космическое агентство России, commonly known as Roskosmos), formerly the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Russian: Российское авиационно-космическое агентство, commonly known as Rosaviakosmos) or RKA, is the government agency responsible for Russias space science programme and general aerospace research. ... The Russian Federal Space Agency (Russian: Федеральное космическое агентство России, commonly known as Roskosmos), formerly the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Russian: Российское авиационно-космическое агентство, commonly known as Rosaviakosmos) or RKA, is the government agency responsible for Russias space science programme and general aerospace research. ... The Centre National dÉtudes Spatiales is the French government space agency (administratively, a public establishment of industrial and commercial character). Its headquarters are located in central Paris. ... The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international newspaper. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Kosmotras launch service provider.
• DNEPR User's guide. MIT (November 2001).
• Astronautix entry - R-36M2.
• Space Calendar (JPL). NASA.