The Dnepr space launch vehicle (Ukrainian: Дніпро, Dnipro; Russian: Днепр, Dnepr, named after the Dnieper River), is a converted ICBM used for launching artificial satellites into orbit, operated by launch service provider ISC Kosmotras (established in 1997). The Dnepr is based on the R-36MUTTH ICBM designed by the Yuzhnoe Design Bureau in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. The Dnepr is three-stage launch vehicle that uses storable toxic liquid propellants. The launch vehicles used for satellite launches are withdrawn from service with the Russian Strategic Rocket Forces and stored for commercial use. A group of 150 ICBMs can be converted for use and are available until 2020. The Dnepr can be launched from Baikonur in Kazakhstan and a newly created Cosmodrome at the Yasny launch base (Dombarovsky), in the Orenburg region of Russia. The Dnieper River (also: Dnepr, Dniapro, or Dnipro) is a river (2,290 km length) which flows from Russia through Belarus and then Ukraine. ... A Minuteman III missile soars after a test launch. ... For other uses, please see Satellite (disambiguation) A satellite is an object that orbits another object (known as its primary). ... The R-36 is a family of intercontinental ballistic missile and space launch vehicle designs created by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. ... Yuzhnoe Design Bureau (Russian: Конструкторское бюро «Южное»), in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, is a manufacturer of satellites and rockets, formerly a Soviet manufacturer of ICBMs. ... Dnipropetrovsk (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) is Ukraines third largest city with 1. ... Rockets (including missiles) can be launched from the following: for a launch into an orbital spaceflight and beyond: a launch pad, including a floating platform (see San Marco platform, Sea Launch) for the launch into a suborbital flight also: a missile silo a mobile launcher vehicle a submarine air launch... Map showing Baikonurs location in Kazakhstan. ...

Performance

The Dnepr launch vehicle has only a small number of modifications compared to the R-36M ICBM in service. The main difference is the payload adapter located the space head module and modified flight-control unit. This baseline version can lift 3,600 kg into a 300-km low earth orbit at an inclination of 50.6°, or 2,300 kg to a 300-km sun-synchronous orbit at an inclination of 98.0°. On a typical mission the Dnepr deploys a larger main payload and a secondary payload of Miniaturized satellites and CubeSats. A number of Space Tugs are under development which will be placed inside the space head module, thereby sacrificing volume and payload but enabling orbits requiring more energy, including planetary escape orbits. By analogy with the geosynchronous orbit, a heliosynchronous orbit is a heliocentric orbit of radius 24. ... Miniaturized satellites are recent artificial satellites of unusually low weights and small sizes. ... Ncube-2, a Norwegian Cubesat A CubeSat is a type of space research picosatellite with dimensions of 10×10×10 centimetres (i. ...

Launch history

Before the Dnepr entered commercial service it was in service with the Strategic Rocket Forces which launched the ICBM version over 160 times with a reliability of 97%. The rocket has been used seven times for commercial purposes with a single failure. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with RVSN. (Discuss) The Strategic Rocket Forces are a major division of the Russian armed forces that controls Russias land-based ICBMs. ...

April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... September 26 is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 96 days remaining. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Demeter (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) is a CNES micro-satellite launched in 2004 with a 2-year planned lifetime, for developing earthquake prediction. ... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 172 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Genesis (Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin) is the first book of the Torah (five books of Moses) and hence the first book of the Tanakh, part of the Hebrew Bible; it is also the first book of the Christian Old Testament. ... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Belka Belka is a fictional country that was created in the PlayStation 2 video game Ace Combat 5 by Namco. ... Rincon 1 is a Cubesat build by the Student Satellite Program of the University of Arizona. ... In various religions, sacred (from Latin, sacrum, sacrifice) or holy, objects, places or concepts are believed by followers to be intimately connected with the supernatural, or divinity, and are thus greatly revered. ... The satellites nCube-1 and nCube-2 was two Norwegian student satellites, build by students at several Norwegian universities and university colleges. ...

Launch failure

The failed launch on July 26, 2006 is still under investigation. It is clear that the first stage engine shut down 74 seconds after lift off. The crash site was located 150 km from the launch pad in an unpopulated area of Kazakhstan. Toxic propellants did pollute the crash site. The rocket used for this launch was more than twenty years old. A multi-national group is investigating the crash until which time launches of the Dnepr and R-36 are suspended from Baikonur. July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Kosmotras launch service provider
• Users guide (PDF format)
• Astronautix entry - R-36M2