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Encyclopedia > Doctrine of the Mean


The Doctrine of the Mean (Chinese: 中庸; Pinyin: Zhōngyōng) is one of the Four Books, part of the Confucian canonical scriptures. Pinyin (拼音, pÄ«nyÄ«n) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard Mandarin. ... The Four Books, or the Four Classics, are the Chinese classic texts selected by Zhu Xi in the Song dynasty to serve as an introduction to Chinese philosophy and Confucianism. ... Confucianism (儒家 Pinyin: rújiā The School of the Scholars), sometimes translated as the School of Literati, is an East Asian ethical, religious and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of Confucius. ...


Like the Great Learning, it is now part of the Records of Rites. It is said to be a composition by Confucius' grandson Kong Ji (孔伋), called Zisi (子思). The Great Learning (大學, Dà Xué) is the first of the Four books which were selected by Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty as a foundational introduction to Confucianism. ... [edit] Confucius (traditionally September 8? 551 BC–479 BC) was a famous thinker and social philosopher of China, whose teachings have deeply influenced East Asia for centuries. ...


The purpose of this small, 23-chapter book is to demonstrate the usefulness of a golden way to gain perfect virtue. It focuses on the "way" (dào, 道) that is prescribed by a heavenly mandate not only to the ruler but to everyone. To follow these heavenly instructions by learning and teaching will automatically result in a Confucian virtue. Because Heaven has laid down what is the way to perfect virtue, it is not that difficult to follow the steps of the holy rulers of old if one only knows what is the right way. For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ...


中庸, Zhong yong, is also translated as:

James Legge (December 20, 1815 - November 29, 1897) was a noted Scottish sinologist, a Scottish Congregationalist, representative of the London Missionary Society in Malacca and Hong Kong (1840-1873), and first professor of Chinese at Oxford University (1876-1897). ... Pierre Ryckmans (born 28 September 1935, in Brussels, Belgium), who also writes as Simon Leys, is a writer, sinologist, essayist and literary critic. ... Arthur David Waley (August 19, 1889 – June 27, 1966) was a noted English Orientalist and Sinologist. ... Tu Wei-ming (杜維明 Pinyin: Dù Wéimíng) is an ethicist and a Boston Confucian. ... Ezra Pound in 1913. ...

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
中庸
  • English translation, by Charles Muller
  • excerpts of the Doctrine of the Mean at Chinaknowledge
  • full text at Nothingistic.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Aristotle's Doctrine of the Mean (5545 words)
Aristotle's doctrine of the mean is sometimes dismissed as an unhelpful and unfortunate mistake in what would otherwise be -- or perhaps, in spite of this lapse, still is -- a worthwhile enterprise.
By the mean of a thing I mean what is equally distant from either extreme, which is one and the same for everyone; by the mean relative to us what is neither too much nor too little, and this is not the same for everyone.
I have argued that Aristotle's doctrine of the mean is not the simple (and false) platitude that we should seek everything "in moderation." Nor is it "an unhelpful analytical model" of the sort suggested by the continuum model discussed in sections II and III.
Under discussion: Doctrine (3825 words)
For doctrine to be "true", or to describe dialectics as a doctrine, doctrine must be considered a body of teachings or principles, and in this sense, a foundation of the science of society.
Doctrine comprises the "fundamental principles by which military forces guide their actions in support of national objectives." It is the core statement of an army's view of war and serves as a common guide for the conduct of operations.
This doctrine was appropriate in the period of maturing imperialism with all its military and social consequences.
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