Hierarchy of objects in an example HTML DOM - Document Object Model

The Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform- and language-independent standard object model for representing HTML or XML and related formats. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (602 × 802 pixel, file size: 55 KB, MIME type: image/png) Made and uploaded by John Manuel - JMK. Hecho y subido por John Manuel - JMK. Réalisé et mis en ligne par John Manuel - JMK. File fatto... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (602 × 802 pixel, file size: 55 KB, MIME type: image/png) Made and uploaded by John Manuel - JMK. Hecho y subido por John Manuel - JMK. Réalisé et mis en ligne par John Manuel - JMK. File fatto... In the computing discipline object model has two related but distinct meanings: 1. ... HTML, short for Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. ... The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. ...

A web browser is not obliged to use DOM in order to render an HTML document. However, the DOM is required by JavaScript scripts that wish to inspect or modify a web page dynamically. In other words, the Document Object Model is the way JavaScript sees its containing HTML page and browser state. An example of a Web browser (Mozilla Firefox) A web browser is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, videos, music and other information typically located on a Web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network. ... It has been suggested that Client-side JavaScript be merged into this article or section. ...

Because the DOM supports navigation in any direction (e.g., parent and previous sibling) and allows for arbitrary modifications, an implementation must at least buffer the document that has been read so far (or some parsed form of it). Hence the DOM is likely to be best suited for applications where the document must be accessed repeatedly or out of sequence order. If the application is strictly sequential and one-pass, the SAX model is likely to be faster and use less memory. In addition, non-extractive XML parsing models, such as VTD-XML, provides a new memory-efficent option. In computing, a one-pass algorithm is one which reads its input exactly once, in order, without unbounded buffering. ... The Simple API for XML (SAX) is a serial access parser API for XML. SAX provides a mechanism for reading data from an XML document. ... Virtual Token Descriptor for eXtensible Markup Language (VTD-XML) refers to a collection of efficient XML processing technologies centered around a non-extractive XML parsing technique called Virtual Token Descriptor (VTD). ...

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The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) developed the W3C Document Object Model^[1] in response to the development of various proprietary models for HTML, particularly those used in Web browsers. The existing vendor-specific interfaces were dubbed intermediate DOMs. It has been suggested that W3C Markup Validation Service be merged into this article or section. ... An example of a Web browser (Mozilla Firefox) A web browser is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, videos, music and other information typically located on a Web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network. ...

W3C began development of the DOM in the mid-1990s. Although the W3C never produced a specification for DOM 0, it was nonetheless a partially documented model and was included in the specification of HTML 4. By October 1998, the first specification of DOM (DOM 1) was released. DOM 2 was issued in November 2000, with specifics on the style sheet object model and style information manipulation. DOM 3 was released in April 2004 and is the current release of the DOM specification.

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The W3C DOM specifications are divided into levels, each of which contains required and optional modules. To claim to support a level, an application must implement all the requirements of the claimed level and the levels below it. An application may also support vendor-specific extensions which don't conflict with the W3C standards. As of 2005, Level 1, Level 2, and some modules of Level 3 are W3C Recommendations which means they have reached their final form. 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Level 0 

The application supports an intermediate DOM, which existed before the creation of DOM Level 1. Examples include the DHTML Object Model or the Netscape intermediate DOM. Level 0 is not a formal specification published by the W3C but rather a shorthand that refers to what existed before the standardization process.

Level 1 

Navigation of DOM (HTML and XML) document (tree structure) and content manipulation (includes adding elements). HTML-specific elements are included as well.

Level 2 

XML namespace support, filtered views and events.

Level 3 

Consists of 6 different specifications:

1. DOM Level 3 Core;
2. DOM Level 3 Load and Save;
3. DOM Level 3 XPath;
4. DOM Level 3 Views and Formatting;
5. DOM Level 3 Requirements; and
6. DOM Level 3 Validation, which further enhances the DOM

Netscape Communications (formally known as Netscape Communications Corporation and commonly known as Netscape), is an American computer services company, best known for its web browser. ... An XML namespace is a W3C standard for providing uniquely named elements and attributes in an XML instance. ... DOM Events allow event-driven programming languages like JavaScript, JScript, ECMAScript, VBScript and Java to register various event handlers/listeners on the element nodes inside a DOM tree, e. ...

Specifications

• Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification
• Level 2 Recommendations:
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Views Specification
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Events Specification
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Style Specification
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Traversal and Range Specification
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 HTML Specification
• Level 3 Recommendations:
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Core Specification
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Load and Save Specification
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Validation Specification
• Level 3 Working Group Notes:
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 XPath Specification
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Views and Formatting Specification
  • Document Object Model (DOM) Requirements
• Working Draft
  • Window Object 1.0

Implementations

Web browsers

DOM Inspector inspecting Wikipedia's main page

Earlier, when each Web browser exclusively supported its own intermediate DOM, interoperability problems were numerous. In order to be cross-browser compatible, that is, support multiple browsers, large parts of Dynamic HTML code had to be rewritten for each browser to be supported. A common DOM promised substantial simplification of the development of complex Web applications. Download high resolution version (860x684, 50 KB)DOM Inspector of Mozilla Firefox, inspecting Wikipedias main page. ... Download high resolution version (860x684, 50 KB)DOM Inspector of Mozilla Firefox, inspecting Wikipedias main page. ... DOM Inspector inspecting Wikipedias main page DOM Inspector is one of the web developer tools included in Mozilla and Mozilla Firefox. ... Cross-browser refers to the ability for a website, web application, HTML construct or client-side script to support multiple web browsers. ... Dynamic HTML or DHTML is a collection of technologies used together to create interactive and animated web sites by using a combination of a static markup language (such as HTML), a client-side scripting language (such as JavaScript), a presentation definition language (Cascading Style Sheets, CSS), and the Document Object...

W3C DOM Level 1 has been a recommendation since 1 October 1998. The standardization effort did not bring forth an immediate change, because non-conformant browsers such as Internet Explorer 4.x and Netscape 4.x were still widely used in 2000. By 2005, large parts of W3C DOM were well-supported by common JavaScript-enabled Web browsers, including Microsoft Internet Explorer (version 5 (1999) and version 6 (2001)), Gecko-based browsers (like Mozilla and Firefox), Opera, Konqueror, and Safari. Web developers are starting to rely mostly or solely on W3C DOM, since it allows browser compatibility with a large audience ^{[citation needed]}. is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE), commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of proprietary graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems starting in 1995. ... Netscape Navigator, also known as Netscape, was a proprietary web browser that was popular during the 1990s. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Epiphany using Gecko to render the Wikipedia main page Gecko is the open source, free software web browser layout engine used in all Mozilla-branded software and its derivatives, including later Netscape releases. ... The Mozilla Application Suite (originally known as Mozilla, marketed as the Mozilla Suite, and code named Seamonkey) is a free, cross-platform internet suite, whose components include a web browser, an e-mail and news client, an HTML editor, and an IRC client. ... “Firefox” redirects here. ... Opera is an Internet suite which handles common internet-related tasks, including visiting web sites, sending and receiving e-mail messages, managing contacts, and online chat. ... Konqueror is a file manager, web browser and file viewer, which was developed as part of the K Desktop Environment (KDE) by volunteers and runs on most Unix-like operating systems. ... Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. ...

The article Comparison of layout engines (DOM) shows which methods and attributes may be used safely given certain browser requirements. This article or section is incomplete and may require expansion and/or cleanup. ...

Other

• JAXP (Java API for XML Processing)
• VTD-XML for building SOA intermediary applications
• libxml2
• MSXML
• Xerces

The Java API for XML Processing, or JAXP, is one of the Java XML programming APIs. ... Virtual Token Descriptor for eXtensible Markup Language (VTD-XML) refers to a collection of efficient XML processing technologies centered around a non-extractive XML parsing technique called Virtual Token Descriptor (VTD). ... The correct title of this article is . ... Microsoft XML Core Services (MSXML) is a set of services that allow applications written in JScript, VBScript, and Microsoft development tools to build Windows-native XML-based applications. ... Xerces is a family of software packages for parsing and manipulating XML, part of the Apache XML project. ...

See also

• DOM Events
• VTD-XML - A non-extractive XML processing model supporting random access and XPath
• SAX - A set of APIs for accessing and manipulating XML documents in a sequential manner.
• JDOM - A Java-based document object model for XML that integrates with DOM and SAX and uses parsers to build the document.
• Comparison of layout engines (DOM)
• Ajax - A methodology employing DOM in combination with techniques for retrieving data without reloading a page.
• ECMAScript
• TinyXml - efficient lightweight platform-independent XML library for C++

DOM Events allow event-driven programming languages like JavaScript, JScript, ECMAScript, VBScript and Java to register various event handlers/listeners on the element nodes inside a DOM tree, e. ... Virtual Token Descriptor for eXtensible Markup Language (VTD-XML) refers to a collection of efficient XML processing technologies centered around a non-extractive XML parsing technique called Virtual Token Descriptor (VTD). ... The Simple API for XML (SAX) is a serial access parser API for XML. SAX provides a mechanism for reading data from an XML document. ... JDOM is an open source Java-based document object model for XML that was designed specifically for the Java platform so that it can take advantage of its language features. ... This article or section is incomplete and may require expansion and/or cleanup. ... AJAX redirects here. ... ECMAScript is a scripting programming language, standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-262 specification. ... TinyXML is a very small and simple XML parser for the C++ language. ...

External links

• W3.org on DOM
• Technology Reports
• Tutorials
• What does your user agent claim to support?
• What does each DOM Level bring?
• About the W3C Document Object Model (MSDN)
• W3C DOM scripts and compatibility tables (Quirksmode)
• DevGuru XML DOM Quick Reference
• Gecko DOM Reference (Mozilla Developer Center)
• DOM Reference (Tellme)
• IB DOM Utilities: Mapping JavaScript Objects to DOM Elements
• Interfaces for ...
  • C++
  • Java - W3C Document Object Model Level 2
  • Lisp
  • Pascal (Kylix programming tool)
  • Perl
  • PHP
  • Python
  • Ruby
  • TCL
  • C

Kylix is a Linux version of the Borland Corporations Delphi and C++ Builder development environments for Microsoft Windows. ...

References