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Encyclopedia > Dome car
Former California Zephyr dome car in excursion train service with the Inland Lakes Railway -- Plymouth, Florida.
Former California Zephyr dome car in excursion train service with the Inland Lakes Railway -- Plymouth, Florida.

A dome car is a type of railway passenger car that has a a glass dome on the top of the car where passengers can ride and see in all directions around the train while receiving dome. It also can include features of a coach, lounge car, dining car or observation. Seats in the dome were considered "non-revenue" like lounge car seats. When dome cars operate today in excursion trains, the dome seats often command a premium fare. Dome cars were manufactured by the Budd Company, Pullman Standard and American Car & Foundry. Southern Pacific Railroad built its own dome cars in their Sacramento, CA shops. In the 1990s Colorado Railcar began producing dome cars. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 350 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 700 pixels, file size: 322 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 350 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 700 pixels, file size: 322 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Two California Zephyr express trains meet at a railroad siding (Grizzly) in Garfield County, Colorado beside the Colorado River on March 21, 1949. ... Plymouth is a part of Apopka in Orange County, Florida, northwest of downtown along US 441 (SR 500) (Orange Blossom Trail), at the intersection with Plymouth-Sorrento Road. ... Restored passenger cars on display at the Mid-Continent Railway Museum in North Freedom, WI. A passenger car is a piece of railroad rolling stock that is designed to carry passengers. ... For other uses, see Dome (disambiguation). ... An interior view of a modern Finnish bilevel intercity coach. ... A lounge car is a type of passenger car where riders can purchase food and drinks. ... Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad lightweight dining car Silver Grill passes through Denver, Colorado on October 24, 1936. ... When passenger trains were still the preferred mode of intercity transportation in America, observations often were used by those campaigning for public office, especially for the Presidency of the United States. ... Budd logo A rear view of Santa Fes El Capitan and its Budd-built observation car as it approaches the Raton Tunnel (Colorado side) on June 26, 1938. ... The Pullman Palace Car Company, owned by George Pullman, manufactured railroad cars in the mid to late 1800s through the early decades of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States. ... American Car and Foundry (often abbreviated as ACF) is a manufacturer of railroad rolling stock. ... The Southern Pacific Railroad (AAR reporting marks SP) was an American railroad. ... Colorado Railcar is a manufacturer of railroad rolling stock. ...

Contents

Configuration

A plan view diagram of the Challenger dome car, built in 1958 by Pullman-Standard as Union Pacific Dome Coach #7015, the last such car built.
A plan view diagram of the Challenger dome car, built in 1958 by Pullman-Standard as Union Pacific Dome Coach #7015, the last such car built.

A portion of the car, usually in the center of the car offset towards one end, is split between two levels. This resulted in the floorplan having a "long end" and a "short end" on the main level. Stairs would go up to the dome and down to the lower level. The lower level of the dome usually contained the car's restrooms or a small lounge area, while the upper portion was usually coach or lounge seating within a "bubble" of glass on the car's roof. Passengers in the upper portion of the dome were able to see in all directions from a vantage point above the train's roofline. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 769 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (802 × 625 pixel, file size: 135 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)A plan view diagram of Union Pacific Railroad dome coach #7015, the img url: http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 769 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (802 × 625 pixel, file size: 135 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)A plan view diagram of Union Pacific Railroad dome coach #7015, the img url: http://www. ... The streamlined Pullman observation-lounge car Coconino, coupled to a heavyweight sleeper painted in two-tone Pullman grey, brings up the rear of the Santa Fe Railways Chief at La Junta, Colorado on February 27, 1938. ... The Union Pacific Railroad (AAR reporting marks UP) (NYSE: UNP), headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, is the largest railroad network in the United States. ...


Union Pacific Railroad operated dome dinning cars. These cars had a kitchen in the "short end", with a pantry in half the space under the dome. The other half of the space under the dome was a private dining room for small groups. Between the pantry and kitchen there was a dumbwaiter to transfer items between the kitchen and the dining area in the dome portion of the car (see photo below). The "long end" was the main dining area. The Union Pacific Railroad (AAR reporting marks UP) (NYSE: UNP), headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, is the largest railroad network in the United States. ... For other uses, see Elevator (disambiguation). ...


Northern Pacific Railway operated dome sleeping cars. The cars had 4 bedrooms in the "long end", 4 roomettes in the "short end" and 4 duplex single rooms under the dome. The Northern Pacific Railway (AAR reporting marks NP) was a railway that operated in the north-central region of the United States. ...


The Wabash Railroad and Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad operated dome palour cars for first class day service. System timetable, 1887 1886 system map The Wabash Railroad (AAR reporting marks WAB) was a Class I railroad that operated in the mid-central United States. ... The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (AAR reporting mark CBQ) was a railroad that operated in the Midwestern United States. ...


History

The upper level interior of a dome car that has been configured as a dining area, on display at the National Railroad Museum in Green Bay, Wisconsin.
The upper level interior of a dome car that has been configured as a dining area, on display at the National Railroad Museum in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

Although the design of a dome car can be likened to a cupola caboose, the dome car's development is not directly related. The earliest documented predecessor of the dome car was first developed in the 1880s; known at the time as the "birdcage car", it was used on an 1882 sightseeing tour on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. In 1891, T. J. McBride received a patent for a car design called an "observation-sleeper"; illustrations of the design in Scientific American at the time showed a car with three observation domes.[1] Canadian Pacific Railway used "tourist cars" with raised, glass-sided viewing cupolas on their trains through the Canadian Rocky Mountains in the 1920s. The upper level interior of a dome car, this one configured as a dining area on display at the National Railroad Museum in Green Bay, WI Photo by Sean Lamb (User:Slambo), April, 2004. ... The upper level interior of a dome car, this one configured as a dining area on display at the National Railroad Museum in Green Bay, WI Photo by Sean Lamb (User:Slambo), April, 2004. ... Chinese-built 2-8-0 on display at the National Railroad Museum on April 26, 2004. ... Green Bay is the county seat of Brown County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. ... For other uses, see Caboose (disambiguation). ... The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (AAR reporting mark CBQ) was a railroad that operated in the Midwestern United States. ... An eastbound CPR freight at Stoney Creek Bridge in Rogers Pass. ... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ...


These dome car designs did not prove successful, and further refinements to the idea didn't come for a few decades. The first successful dome cars were conceived by Cyrus Osborn of General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD). In 1944, while traveling in an EMD-built Rio Grande locomotive through Glenwood Canyon in Colorado, it was Mr. Osborn that recognized the wonderful views the passengers could enjoy from a panoramic dome. His idea was to provide a full 360-degree view from above the train in newly built "Vista-Dome" cars.[1] Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. ... View down Glenwood Canyon at Hanging Lake Rest Area. ...


Mr. Osborn took the idea to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q). The CB&Q took a stainless steel Budd-built coach and rebuilt it at their shops in Aurora, Illinois, with the Vista Dome imagined and sketched by Cyrus Osborn. The dome area featured seats that were positioned lengthwise in the cabin facing double-pane windows which were designed to improve insulation. This first Vista Dome was called appropriately, Silver Dome. On July 23, 1945, the car was tested in the consist of the Twin Cities Zephyr.[1] Vista Domes quickly found their way into many Burlington Zephyr consists, culminating in 1949 with the inauguration of the California Zephyr. Budd logo A rear view of Santa Fes El Capitan and its Budd-built observation car as it approaches the Raton Tunnel (Colorado side) on June 26, 1938. ... The Paramount Theatre under renovation, downtown Aurora. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Twin Cities Zephyr was a passenger train service of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q). ... Two California Zephyr express trains meet at a railroad siding (Grizzly) in Garfield County, Colorado beside the Colorado River on March 21, 1949. ...

The monument from Glenwood Canyon in its current location at the Colorado Railroad Museum.
The monument from Glenwood Canyon in its current location at the Colorado Railroad Museum.

Soon after Silver Dome entered service, railroad managers and passenger train executives met to discuss the merits of the dome car design. In the United States, domes could only be readily used on railroads west of the Mississippi, due to lower clearances in tunnels in the eastern USA. (In Canada, Canadian Pacific would run its domes from coast to coast.) The managers also noted that the passenger carrying space was regarded as non-revenue space because the managers believed that passengers would not want to spend their entire trip in the domes. These factors and the added costs of car construction in adding stairs, two levels of car floors and air conditioning increased the costs to railroads that chose to operate dome cars.[2] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 689 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (762 × 663 pixel, file size: 164 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Dome car Metadata... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 689 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (762 × 663 pixel, file size: 164 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Dome car Metadata... The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR; AAR reporting marks CP, CPAA, CPI), known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a Canadian Class I railway that is operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited. ...


Despite the costs involved, Pullman completed the first four production dome cars for GM's Train of Tomorrow in 1947. The four cars were closely modeled after Silver Dome and were displayed to the press on numerous private charters and to the public at the Chicago Railroad Fairs in 1948 and 1949 before they were sold to Union Pacific Railroad for use between Portland, Oregon and Seattle, Washington.[2] Other passenger car manufacturers soon built their own dome car models to compete with Pullman; Budd's first domes, completed in Fall 1947, were the first to feature curved glass and full streamlining effects on the domes and entered service on the Burlington's Twin Zephyrs between Chicago and Minneapolis-St. Paul.[2] Pere Marquette Railroad was the first to operate dome cars east of Chicago in 1948, and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad became the first railroad to operate dome cars on the east coast when it added domes to the Baltimore-Chicago Columbian.[3] B&O also went so far as to add floodlights on the roofs of its dome cars to illuminate the scenery during nighttime travel.[4] The streamlined Pullman observation-lounge car Coconino, coupled to a heavyweight sleeper painted in two-tone Pullman grey, brings up the rear of the Santa Fe Railways Chief at La Junta, Colorado on February 27, 1938. ... The cover for the Chicago Railroad Fairs 1949 official program The Chicago Railroad Fair was an event organized to celebrate and commemorate 100 years of railroad history west of Chicago, Illinois. ... The Union Pacific Railroad (AAR reporting marks UP) (NYSE: UNP), headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, is the largest railroad network in the United States. ... Nickname: Location of Portland in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government  - Mayor Tom Potter[1]  - Commissioners Sam Adams Randy Leonard Dan Saltzman Erik Sten  - Auditor Gary Blackmer Area  - City 376. ... Seattle redirects here. ... Budd logo A rear view of Santa Fes El Capitan and its Budd-built observation car as it approaches the Raton Tunnel (Colorado side) on June 26, 1938. ... The Twin Cities Zephyr was a passenger train service of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q). ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... A map of the Twin Cities metropolitan area. ... The Pere Marquette Railroad (AAR reporting mark: PM) was a railroad that operated in the Great Lakes region of the United States. ... The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) was one of the oldest railroads in the United States, with an original line from the port of Baltimore, Maryland, west to the Ohio River at Wheeling and Parkersburg, West Virginia. ... Baltimore redirects here. ... The Columbian was a named passenger train operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. ...


On September 21, 1950, a monument was established at Glenwood Canyon. Called "Monument to an Idea", this monument celebrates the Vista Dome at the place where it was first inspired. In the late 1980s, the monument was moved to the Colorado Railroad Museum in Golden, Colorado, to make way for expansion of Interstate 70. is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Colorado Railroad Museum is a non-profit heritage railway established in 1959 to preserve for future generations a tangible record of Colorados flamboyant railroad era, particularly the states pioneering narrow gauge mountain railroads. ... Downtown Golden, Colorado Golden, Colorado lies at the mouth of Clear Creek at the edge of the foothills of the Front Range. ... Interstate 70 (abbreviated I-70) is a long interstate highway in the United States that runs from Interstate 15 about a mile from Cove Fort, Utah to a Park and Ride in Baltimore, Maryland. ...


As dome cars became more common on North American passenger trains, some western railroads purchased or built "superdomes." These were dome cars where the upper level of the car extended for nearly the entire length of the car. The cars' dimensions were all larger than standard dome cars of the time, all except the overall height; a superdome's height was only 15 ft 6 in (4.72 m), rather than the 16 ft 2 in (4.92 m) of standard domes. The first ten of these cars were built by Pullman for the Milwaukee Road's Chicago-Seattle Olympian Hiawatha. The Milwaukee Road paid $320,000 each for these cars and operated them on that route until 1961, after which four cars remained in service between Chicago and the Twin Cities; these last four were sold to Amtrak upon its formation in 1971. The Santa Fe and Great Northern also purchased superdomes from Budd in 1954 and 1955. All but one of Santa Fe's cars were sold to Auto-Train in 1971.[5] The Milwaukee Road, officially the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. ... The westbound Olympian Hiawatha at Butte, Montana, June 24, 1949. ... The high-speed Acela Express in West Windsor, New Jersey. ... The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (AAR reporting marks ATSF), often abbreviated as Santa Fe, was one of the largest railroads in the United States. ... A Great Northern train pauses for the photographer four miles west of Minot, North Dakota in 1914. ... Auto Train is a scheduled public rail transportation service for both passengers and their personal transportation vehicles operated by Amtrak between Lorton, Virginia (near Washington, D.C.) and Sanford, Florida, near Orlando. ...


Starting in the 1980s, the use of the dome car has become rarer as Amtrak has introduced new Superliner bi-level passenger cars that reach the maximum possible height over the length of the car; however, the Superliner lounge car can be considered as a dome car. Dome cars are very popular on tourist railways and private charter rail services. While the dome car is a mostly North American feature, a few also operate in the scenic areas of Europe. This converted Auto Train lounge shows the typical exterior of Superliner cars. ...


Downfall and preservation

As railroad passenger ridership declined in the late 1950s, some railroads retired dome cars due to the extra maintenance costs. Other railroads that had not purchased dome cars new bought them second hand. Illinois Central purchased several cars from Missouri Pacific and Canadian National bought several cars from Milwaukee Road for example. Because of their enormous usage of sealed glass, the cooling of the cars required massive air conditioning capacity. Both maintenance and repair to these cars ran high. Breakdown of the air conditioning system on the road, even in winter, could render a car unusable.


Some railroad museums have preserved several dome cars. These cars are very popular with visitors who often remember the spectacular rides they had in these cars.


The Western Pacific Railroad Museum at Portola, California, rosters several Budd-built Vista-Dome cars from the original California Zephyr train. These are being restored as part of the museum's Zephyr Project, a program to recreate the CZ experience. Logos of the Western Pacific Railroad and the Feather River Rail Society, operators of the Western Pacific Railroad Museum. ... Portola is a city located in Plumas County, California. ... Two California Zephyr express trains meet at a railroad siding (Grizzly) in Garfield County, Colorado beside the Colorado River on March 21, 1949. ...


Current Usage

Via Rail Canada operates the largest fleet (28) of true dome cars in the classic sense in that they offer a 360° view of scenery. All were built by Budd for the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1950s, and transferred to Via service in the 1970s, where they continue in service as of 2007. VIA Rail Canada (also referred to as VIA Rail and VIA; pronounced vee-ah) is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail services in Canada. ... An eastbound CPR freight at Stoney Creek Bridge in Rogers Pass. ...


Amtrak currently operates one dome car #10031. It is a Budd full length dome car, former Great Northern Railway 1391 "Ocean View". It is used on special services such as the Oakland, CA to Reno, NV "Reno Fun Train" or the Seattle, WA to Leavenworth, WA "Snow Train". Most recently (November 2007) it operated on the Adirondack in fall folliage service. The high-speed Acela Express in West Windsor, New Jersey. ...


The Conway Scenic Railroad operates a dome car on the Crawford Notch train. The Conway Scenic Railroad (CSRR) is a heritage railway in North Conway, New Hampshire. ...


The Grand Canyon Railway operates three dome cars between Willams, AZ and the south rim of the Grand Canyon. The Grand Canyon Railway (AAR reporting mark GCRX), is a passenger railroad and heritage railway which operates between Williams, Arizona and the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park. ...


Manufacturing companies such as Colorado Railcar have built modern dome cars with updated versions of original dome design, used by American Orient Express, Holland America, Princess Tours, Alaska Railroad, Royal Caribbean and Rocky Mountaineer Railtours. Colorado Railcar is a manufacturer of railroad rolling stock. ... Holland America Line, headquartered in Seattle, Washington, is a cruise ship line, originally an operator of passenger and cargo ships. ... The Alaska Railroad (AAR reporting marks ARR) is a Class II railroad that extends from Seward, in the south of the state of Alaska, in the United States, to Fairbanks, in the interior of that state. ... Royal Caribbean cruise ships Ultra-Voyager class, includes Freedom of the Seas, currently in construction with a scheduled delivery of May 2006. ...


Several of the private railroad cars available for charter listed on the American Association of Private Railroad Car Owners' website have domes.


Documentary

Dome rail travel was highlighted in the PBS-aired program Dome Car Magic. Produced by award-winning Richard Luckin, it is narrated by Michael Gross and chronicles the history of the railroad sightseeing cars, from Burlington's 1945 "Silver Dome" to the full length models operating today in Alaska and Canada. Not to be confused with Public Broadcasting Services in Malta. ... Dome Car Magic: A History of Railroad Dome Cars is a 2006 American television production that chronicles the history of the railroad sightseeing cars, from Burlingtons 1945 Silver Dome to the full-length models operating today in Canada and Alaska. ... Michael Gross (born June 21, 1947, in Chicago, Illinois) is a television and movie actor who plays both comedic and dramatic roles. ... Official language(s) None[1] Spoken language(s) English 85. ...


See also

Restored passenger cars on display at the Mid-Continent Railway Museum in North Freedom, WI. A passenger car is a piece of railroad rolling stock that is designed to carry passengers. ... This converted Auto Train lounge shows the typical exterior of Superliner cars. ... Double-deck rail car operated by GO Transit, Ontario, Canada Bilevel car is a clever design to solve the problem of increasing passenger capacity on railcars, without squeezing more (smaller) seats into the same space and/or decreasing the pitch (distance between seats). ...

References

  • White, John H., Jr. (1978). The American Railroad Passenger Car. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-2743-4 (pbk.: set); ISBN 0-8018-2722-1 (pbk.: v.1); ISBN 0-8018-2747-7 (pbk.: v.2); ISBN 0-8018-1965-2 (hc.). 
  1. ^ a b c White, p 197
  2. ^ a b c White, p 198
  3. ^ White, p 199
  4. ^ White, p 306
  5. ^ White, p 200

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Dome car - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (727 words)
The lower level of the dome usually consisted of a small lounge area, while the upper portion was usually coach or lounge seating within a "bubble" of glass on the car's roof.
On some dome cars, the lower portion was outfitted with a galley, where car attendants used dumbwaiters to transfer items between the galley and a dining area in the dome portion of the car.
As dome cars became more common on North American passenger trains, some western railroads purchased or built "superdomes." These were dome cars where the upper level of the car extended for nearly the entire length of the car.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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