Don Voisko Province (or Don Voisko Oblast, Russian: Область Войска Донского, Oblast’ Voyska Donskogo) of Imperial Russia was the official name of the territory of Don Cossacks, roughly coniciding with today's Rostov Oblast of Russia. Its center was Cherkassk, later Novocherkassk. Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: о́бласт) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Don Cossacks refers to cossacks that settled along the Don River, Russia it its lower and middle parts. ... Rostov Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in Southern Federal District. ... Starocherkasskaya. ... Roads leading to Novocherkassk are graced by triumphal arches, erected to commemorate the Cossack victory over Napoleon. ...

The province was the areas where the Don Cossack Voisko settled in Imperial Russia. Since 1786 the territory was officially called the Don Voisko Lands (zemlya Voyska Donskogo), renamed Don Voisko Province in 1870. Don Cossack Voisko (Don Cossack Host) (Всевеликое Войско Донское)is the name of a frontier military organisation of Don Cossacks (cossack host) in Imperial Russia since the end of the 16th century. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start...

In 1913, the oblast, with an area of about 165,000 km², had about 3.8 million inhabitants. Of these, 55% (2.1 million) were Cossacks in possession of all the land, the remaining 45% of the population being townsfolk and agricultural guest labourers from other parts of Russia.

This subdivision was abolished in 1920; from the major part of it the Don Oblast was created, which was included into the North Caucasus Krai in 1924.