NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Donald Bradman

Sir Donald George Bradman AC (27 August 1908—25 February 2001), often called The Don, was an Australian cricketer, administrator and writer on the game, and generally acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time.^[1] He is one of Australia's most popular sporting heroes, and one of the most respected past players in other cricketing nations.^[2] His career Test batting average of 99.94 is by many measures the greatest statistical performance in any major sport.^[3]^[4] Insignia of a Companion of the Order of Australia. ... is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the sport. ... Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell A batsman in the sport of cricket is, depending on context: Any player in the act of batting. ... For the womens version of the game, see Womens Test cricket. ... Batting average is a statistic in both cricket and baseball measuring the performance of cricket batsmen and baseball hitters, respectively. ...

The story of the young Don practising alone with a cricket stump and a golf ball is part of Australian folklore.^[5] Bradman’s meteoric rise from bush cricket to the Australian Test team took just over two years. Before his 22nd birthday, he set myriad records for high scoring (many of which stand even today) and became Australia's sporting idol at the height of the Great Depression. A controversial set of tactics, known as Bodyline, were devised by the England team to curb his batting brilliance. Australian folklore refers to the folklore and urban legends of Australia. ... For other uses, see Bush. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... Bill Woodfull evades a Bodyline ball. ... The logo of the England Cricket Team which shows the three Lions of England below a five-pointed crown The England cricket team is the national cricket team which represents England and Wales. ...

During a twenty-year career, Bradman consistently scored at a level that made him "worth three batsmen to Australia".^[6] Committed to attacking, entertaining cricket, Bradman drew spectators in record numbers. He found the constant adulation an anathema, however, and it affected how he dealt with others. The focus of attention on his individual performances strained relationships with some team-mates, administrators and journalists, who thought him aloof and wary.^[7] After World War II, he made a dramatic comeback and in his final season captained an Australian team known as "The Invincibles". RC Robertson-Glasgow wrote of the English reaction to Bradman's retirement that, "... a miracle has been removed from among us. So must ancient Italy have felt when she heard of the death of Hannibal."^[8] Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The Australian cricket team on board the R.M.S. Strathaird en-route to England in 1948. ... Raymond Charles Crusoe Robertson-Glasgow (born July 15, 1901 at Murrayfield, Edinburgh, Scotland; died March 4, 1965 at Buckhold, Berkshire, England) was a British cricketer and cricket writer. ... For other uses, see Hannibal (disambiguation). ...

A complex, highly-driven man, not given to close personal relationships,^[9] Bradman maintained his pre-eminence by acting as an administrator, selector and writer for three decades following his retirement. His opinion was highly sought, but, in his declining years, he became very reclusive. Paradoxically, however, his status as a national icon increased to the point where the Prime Minister of Australia called him the "greatest living Australian".^[10] His image has appeared on postage stamps and coins, and he became the first living Australian to have a museum dedicated to his life. The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. ...

Youth and early career

Donald Bradman was the youngest child of George Bradman and his wife Emily (nee Whatman) when he was born at Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW).^[11] He had a brother, Victor, and three sisters – Islet, Lilian and Elizabeth May. The family lived in nearby Yeo Yeo. When Bradman was about 2½ years old, his parents moved to Bowral in the NSW Southern Highlands for the cooler climate. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 Ã— 2112 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 Ã— 2112 pixel, file size: 2. ... Cootamundra is a town and Local Government Area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. ... NSW redirects here. ... Bowral Station Bowral is a town located in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. ... The Southern Highlands is a geographical area in New South Wales, Australia, southwest of Sydney. ...

Bradman practised batting incessantly during his youth. He invented his own solo cricket game, using a stump and a golf ball. A water tank mounted on a curved brick stand stood on a paved area behind the family home. When hit into this stand, the ball rebounded at high speed and varying angles as he attempted to hit it. This form of practice developed his timing and reactions. He hit his first century at the age of 12, playing for the Bowral Public School against Mittagong High School.^[12] For other uses, see Stump (disambiguation). ... In the sport of cricket, a batsman reaches his century when he scores 100 or more runs in the innings. ... Mittagong (postcode: 2575) is a town with a population of approximately 6,000 in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. ...

Bush cricketer

In 1920–21, he acted as scorer for the local Bowral team captained by his uncle George Whatman and once filled in when the team was short of players, scoring 37 not out. During the season, Bradman’s father took him to the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) to watch the fifth Ashes Test match. On that day, Bradman formed an ambition to one day play on the same ground. In 1922, he left school to work for a local real estate agent who encouraged Bradman’s sporting pursuits by giving him time off when necessary. For two years, Bradman gave cricket away in favour of playing tennis.^[13] The score of a cricket team whose innings is in progress is given as the number of runs they have scored for the number of wickets their opponents have taken. ... The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) (, ) is a cricket stadium in Sydney. ... For other uses, see The Ashes (disambiguation). ... For the womens version of the game, see Womens Test cricket. ... In the United States and parts of the Commonwealth (including Canada and Australia) as well as in many other countries, a real estate agent is a person who advises and represents others in transactions involving real estate. ...

Bradman resumed playing cricket in 1925–26, when several outstanding performances earned him the attention of the Sydney daily press. Competing on matting over concrete pitches, Bowral played other rural towns as part of the Berrima District competition. Against Wingello, a team that included the future Test bowler Bill O'Reilly, Bradman made 234.^[6] In the competition final against Moss Vale that extended over five consecutive Saturdays, Bradman scored 300.^[12] Cricket pitch (not to scale) A wicket consists of three stumps that are placed into the ground, and topped with two bails. ... Berrima is a village in the Southern Highlands district on the old Hume Highway between Canberra and Sydney, Australia, and is now popular with visitors from both cities, especially on weekends. ... Wingello is a village in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia. ... For the womens version of the game, see Womens Test cricket. ... One of the worlds leading off-spin bowlers Muttiah Muralitharan sends down another delivery A bowler in the sport of cricket is usually a player whose speciality is bowling, analogous to a pitcher in baseball. ... William Joseph OReilly or Tiger OReilley (20 December 1905 - 6 October 1992), was an outstanding Australian cricketer, and, in retirement, a well-respected cricket writer and broadcaster. ... Moss Vale is a town in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. ...

During the following winter, an ageing Australian team lost the Ashes in England and a number of Test players retired.^[14] The New South Wales Cricket Association began a hunt for new talent. Mindful of Bradman’s big scores for Bowral, the association wrote to him requesting his attendance at a practice session in Sydney. Subsequently, Bradman was chosen for the "Country Week" tournaments at both cricket and tennis, to be played during separate weeks. His boss presented him with a fateful ultimatum: he could only have one week away from work, so he had to choose between the two sports.^[13] For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The New South Wales Cricket Association (NSWCA) is a sporting club who administer cricket in New South Wales and particularly the Sydney Cricket Ground. ...

Bradman’s performances during Country Week elicited an invitation to play grade cricket in Sydney for St George, where he scored 110 on debut, his first century on a turf wicket.^[15] At New Year 1927, he turned out for the NSW second team. For the remainder of the season, Bradman travelled the 130 km from Bowral to Sydney every Saturday to play for St George. Making a last appearance for his home town in the final against Moss Vale, he hit 320 not out.^[16] Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Sydney Grade Cricket is a cricket competition played in Sydney, Australia. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ...

First-class debut

The next season continued the rapid rise of the "Boy from Bowral".^[12] Selected to replace the unfit Archie Jackson in the NSW team, Bradman made his first-class debut at the Adelaide Oval, aged 19. His innings of 118 featured what became his trademarks: fast footwork, calm confidence and rapid scoring.^[17] In the final match of the season, he made his first century at the SCG, against the Sheffield Shield champions Victoria. Despite his potential, Bradman was not chosen for the Australian second team to tour New Zealand.^[18] Archie Jackson Archibald (Archie) Jackson (September 5, 1909, Scotland - February 16, 1933, Brisbane, Queensland) was an Australian Test cricketer. ... The New South Wales Blues are an Australian first class cricket team based in Sydney, New South Wales. ... First-class cricket matches are those between international teams or the highest standard of domestic teams in which teams have two innings each. ... The Adelaide Oval is a sports stadium in Adelaide, South Australia. ... The Pura Cup (formerly known as the Sheffield Shield) is the domestic first class cricket competition in Australia. ... The Victorian Bushrangers are an Australian cricket team based in Melbourne, Victoria. ...

Bradman decided that his chances for Test selection would be improved by moving to Sydney for the 1928–29 season, when England toured in defence of the Ashes. Initially, he continued working in real estate, but later took a promotions job with the sporting goods retailer Mick Simmons Ltd. In the first match of the Sheffield Shield season, he scored a century in each innings against Queensland, then made 87 and 132 not out against England. This earned him selection for the first Test at Brisbane.^[13] The logo of the England Cricket Team which shows the three Lions of England below a five-pointed crown The England cricket team is the national cricket team which represents England and Wales. ... England won the 1928-29 Ashes series, winning the first four tests and losing the final test: 1st Test (Brisbane) â€” England won by 675 runs - [1] 2nd Test (Sydney) â€” England won by 8 wickets - [2] 3rd Test (Melbourne) â€” England won by 3 wickets - [3] 4th Test (Adelaide) â€” England won by... For other uses, see The Ashes (disambiguation). ... The Queensland Bulls are the Brisbane-based Queensland representative cricket team in Australias domestic cricket tournaments: Pura Cup (formerly Sheffield Shield), 4-day matches with first-class status, since the 1926/27 season Ford Ranger One Day Cup, 1-day (50 over per side) tournament with List-A status... The Brisbane Cricket Ground is a major sports stadium in the Queensland capital of Brisbane. ...

Test career

Playing in only his tenth first-class match, Bradman found his initial Test a harsh learning experience. Caught on a sticky wicket, Australia was all out for 66 in the second innings and lost by 675 runs.^[19] The selectors dropped Bradman to twelfth man for the second Test. An injury to Bill Ponsford early in the match required Bradman to field as substitute while England amassed 636, following their 863 runs in the first Test. RS Whitington wrote, “... he had scored only nineteen himself and these experiences appear to have provided him with food for thought”.^[20] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Sticky Wicket was episode twenty-one of the first season of the TV series M*A*S*H. It originally aired on March 4, 1973. ... Cricket is a team sport played between two teams of eleven. ... William Harold Ponsford (born 19 October 1900, North Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) was an Australian cricketer. ...

Recalled for the next Test at Melbourne, Bradman scored 79 and 112 to become the youngest player to make a Test century,^[21] but it was in a losing team. Another loss followed in the fourth Test. Bradman reached 58 in the second innings and appeared set to guide the team to victory when he was run out.^[22] It was the only run out of his Test career and the losing margin was just 12 runs.^[23] â€œMCGâ€ redirects here. ... Run out is a method of dismissal in the sport of cricket. ...

The improving Australians broke through to win the final Test. Bradman top-scored with 123 in the first innings, and was at the wicket in the second innings when his captain Jack Ryder hit the winning runs. He completed the season with 1,690 first-class runs (at 93.88 average),^[8] and his first multiple century, 340 not out against Victoria in a Sheffield Shield match, set a new ground record for the SCG.^[24] Jack Ryder may refer to: Jack Ryder (actor) - British EastEnders actor Jack Ryder (cricket) - Australian cricketer Frederick Bushnell Jack Ryder - American sportswriter and football coach Jack Ryder (character) - Character in the Canadian animation Odd Job Jack The real identity of the DC Comics character, the Creeper (comics). ... Batting average is a statistic in both cricket and baseball measuring the performance of cricket batsmen and baseball hitters, respectively. ...

Bradman averaged 113.28 in 1929–30.^[8] In a trial match to select the team to tour England, he was last man out in the first innings for 124. As his team followed on, the skipper Bill Woodfull asked Bradman to keep the pads on and open the second innings. By stumps, he was 205 not out, on his way to 225. Against Queensland at the SCG, Bradman set a world first-class record by scoring 452 not out, in only 415 minutes.^[13] Follow-on is a term (noun and verb) used in the sport of cricket. ... Bill Woodfull William Bill Woodfull (22 August 1897, Maldon, Victoria, Australia - 11 August 1965, Tweed Heads South, New South Wales) was an Australian cricket player. ... In cricket a wide range of equipment is required. ... A stump is the remains of an object that has been cut or broken, for example, when a tree has been felled. ...

Although he was an obvious selection to tour England, Bradman's unorthodox style raised doubt that he could succeed on the slower English pitches. Percy Fender wrote: Percy George Herbert Fender (born 22 August 1892 in Balham, London, died 15 June 1985 in Exeter, Devon) was an English all-round cricketer who played 13 Tests for England. ...

1930 tour of England

England was favoured to win the 1930 Ashes series. Much Australian hope rested with the potential of Bradman and Archie Jackson. With his elegant batting technique, Jackson appeared the brighter prospect of the pair.^[26] However, Bradman started with 236 at Worcester in his first innings on English soil. He scored 1,000 first-class runs by the end of May, the fifth player (and first Australian) to achieve this rare feat.^[27] In his first Test appearance in England Bradman hit 131 in the second innings but England won the game. New Road, Worcester, England has been the home of Worcestershire County Cricket Club since 1899. ...

His batting reached a new level in the second Test at Lord's where he scored 254 as Australia won and levelled the series. Bradman rated this his best innings as, “practically without exception every ball went where it was intended to go”.^[28] Wisden noted his fast footwork in “hitting all round the wicket with power and accuracy” and his faultless concentration in keeping the ball along the ground.^[29] The Pavilion The Grand Stand Match in progress The Media Centre at Lords Cricket Ground This memorial stone to Lord Harris is in the Harris Garden at Lords Lords Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in St Johns Wood in London, at grid reference TQ268827. ... Wisden is the main publisher of information on cricket in the United Kingdom. ...

This performance was surpassed at Leeds: Bradman scored a century before lunch on the first day of the Test match to equal the performances of Victor Trumper and Charlie Macartney.^[30] In the afternoon, Bradman added another century between lunch and tea, finishing the day on 309 not out. He remains the only Test player to pass 300 in one day’s play.^[31] His eventual score of 334 (46 boundaries) dominated the innings as the second highest score was 77 by Alan Kippax. Businessman Arthur Whitelaw later presented Bradman with a cheque for £1000 in appreciation of his (then) world record score.^[32] The match ended in anti-climax as poor weather prevented a result, as it did in the fourth Test. Headingley Stadium is a sporting complex in the Leeds suburb of Headingley. ... Victor Thomas Trumper (born November 2, 1877 in Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, died June 28, 1915, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales) was a famous Australian batsman in the sport of cricket. ... Charles Macartney (1886-1958)was an Australian cricketer who played in 35 Tests between 1907 and 1926. ... Alan Falconer Kippax (Born 25 May 1897 in Paddington, New South Wales, died 5 September 1972 in Bellevue Hill, New South Wales) was a cricketer for New South Wales and Australia. ...

The dynamic nature of Bradman’s batting contrasted sharply with his quiet, solitary off-field demeanour. He was described as aloof from his teammates and he did not offer to buy them a round of drinks, let alone share the money given to him by Whitelaw.^[9] A lot of the quiet time Bradman spent writing, as he had sold the rights to a book. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

In the deciding Test at The Oval England made 405. During an innings stretching over three days due to intermittent rain, Bradman scored 232, which helped give Australia a big lead of 290 runs. In a crucial partnership with Archie Jackson, Bradman battled through a difficult session when England fast bowler Harold Larwood bowled short on a pitch enlivened by the rain. Wisden gave this period of play only a passing mention: The famous gasometers, which are now listed buildings. ... Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the sport of cricket. ... Harold Larwood (November 14, 1904 - July 22, 1995) was an English cricket player, an extremely quick and accurate fast bowler best known for his key role as the implementer of fast leg theory in the infamous Bodyline Ashes Test series of 1932-33. ...

However, a number of English players and commentators noted Bradman’s discomfort in playing the short, rising delivery.^[6] The revelation came too late for this particular match as Australia won by an innings to regain the Ashes. The impact of the victory in Australia was immense. With the economy sliding toward depression and unemployment rapidly rising, the country found solace in sporting triumph. The story of a self-taught 22 year-old from the bush who set a series of records against the old rival made Bradman a national hero.^[34] In the sport of cricket, a bouncer (or bumper) is a type of delivery, usually bowled by a fast bowler. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... CIA figures for world unemployment rates, 2006 Unemployment is the state in which a worker wants, but is unable, to work. ...

In all, Bradman batted for 24½ hours during the Test series, scoring 974 runs at an average of 139.14 with a strike-rate of 61.65.^[35] His first-class tally for the tour, 2,960 runs (at 98.66 with ten centuries), was another record. Both his total of 974 runs and his three double centuries in one Test series still stand as records today.

Bradman was unprepared for the intensity of his reception in Australia; he became a "reluctant hero".^[9] Mick Simmons wanted to cash in on their employee’s newly won fame. They asked Bradman to leave his teammates behind in Fremantle and organised official receptions in Adelaide, Melbourne, Goulburn, his hometown Bowral and Sydney, where he received a brand new custom-built Chevrolet. At each stop, Bradman received a level of adulation that "embarrassed" him. This focus on an individual in a team game, "... permanently damaged relationships with his contemporaries".^[9] Commenting Australia's victory, the team's vice-captain Vic Richardson said, “... we could have played any team without Bradman, but we could not have played the blind school without Clarrie Grimmett”.^[36] â€œFremantleâ€ redirects here. ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... Location of Goulburn in New South Wales (red) Court house opened 1887 Goulburn is a provincial cathedral city in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in Goulburn Mulwaree Council. ... Chevrolet (IPA: - French origin) (colloquially Chevy) is a brand of automobile, produced by General Motors (GM). ... Clarence Victor Clarrie Grimmett (1891-Australian cricket player, thought by many to be one of the finest early spin bowlers, and usually credited as the developer of the flipper. ...

Reluctant hero

In 1930–31, against the first West Indian side to visit Australia, Bradman’s scoring was more sedate than in England, although he did make 223 in 297 minutes in the third Test at Brisbane and 152 in 154 minutes in the following Test at Melbourne.^[37] The South Africans didn’t get off so lightly in the summer of 1931–32. For NSW against the tourists, he made 30, 135 and 219. In the Test matches, he scored 226 (277 minutes), 112 (155 minutes), 2 and 167 (183 minutes), and a new Australian Test record of 299 not out at Adelaide.^[38] Australia won nine of the ten Tests. Learie Constantine, was one of the first great West Indian players. ...

In fifteen Test matches since the beginning of 1930, Bradman had scored 2,227 runs at 131 average. Ten of his 18 innings were centuries, six of them beyond 200. His scoring rate was almost 44 runs per hour, with 856 (or 38.5%) scored in boundaries. Significantly, he had not hit a six, which typified the Bradman attitude: if he hit the ball along the ground, then it couldn’t be caught. During this phase of his career, his youth and natural fitness allowed him to adopt a “machine-like” approach to batting. The South African fast bowler Sandy Bell described bowling to him as, “heart-breaking ... with his sort of cynical grin, which rather reminds one of the Sphinx ... he never seems to perspire”.^[39] Alexander John Sandy Bell (born April 15, 1906, East London, Cape Province, died August 1, 1985, Cape Town, Cape Province) was a South African cricketer who played in 16 Tests from 1929 to 1935. ...

Between these two seasons, Bradman seriously contemplated playing professional cricket in England with the Lancashire League club Accrington, a move that would end his Test career. A consortium of three Sydney businesses offered an alternative. They devised a two-year contract whereby Bradman wrote for Associated Newspapers, broadcast on Radio 2UE and promoted the menswear retailing chain FJ Palmer and Son.^[13] However, the contract increased Bradman’s dependence on his public profile, making it more difficult to lead the private life that he ardently desired.^[39] The Lancashire League is a competitive league of local cricket clubs drawn from the small to middle-sized mill towns, mainly but not exclusively, of East Lancashire. ... Accrington Cricket Club, based at Thorneyholme Road in Accrington, Lancashire, are a cricket club in the Lancashire League, who will play in the senior league in the 2006 season. ... 2UE is a commercial radio station in Sydney, Australia. ...

Bradman’s wedding to Jessie Menzies in April 1932 was chaotic and epitomised how difficult his desire for privacy was to attain. The church “was under siege all throughout the day ... uninvited guests stood on chairs and pews to get a better view”, police erected barriers that were broken down and many of those invited could not get a seat.^[39] Just weeks later, Bradman joined a private team organised by Arthur Mailey to tour the United States and Canada. He travelled with his wife, and the couple treated the trip as a honeymoon. Playing 51 games in 75 days, Bradman scored 3,779 runs at 102.1, with 18 centuries. Although the standard of play was not high, the amount of cricket Bradman had played in the previous three years, and the strains of his celebrity status, began to show on his return home.^[40] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Arthur Mailey (1886 - 1967) was an Australian cricketer who played in 21 Tests between 1920 and 1926. ...

Bodyline

Plum Warner was an influential voice within the MCC, the club that administered English cricket at the time. He wrote of Bradman that, “England must evolve a new type of bowler and develop fresh ideas and strange tactics to curb his almost uncanny skill". Warner orchestrated the appointment of Douglas Jardine as England captain in 1931, as a prelude to Jardine leading the 1932–33 tour to Australia, with Warner as team manager.^[42] Sir Pelham Francis Warner, affectionately and better known as Plum Warner, or the Grand Old Man of English cricket was born on 2 October 1873 in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and died on 30 January 1963 at West Lavington, Sussex. ... Lords 2005 The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), founded in 1787, is a private members club and was the original governing body of cricket in England and across the world. ... One of the worlds leading off-spin bowlers Muttiah Muralitharan sends down another delivery A bowler in the sport of cricket is usually a player whose speciality is bowling, analogous to a pitcher in baseball. ... Douglas Robert Jardine (23 October 1900, Bombay - 18 June 1958, Montreux) was a British cricketer and captain of the controversial 1932-33 Bodyline tour of Australia. ...

Perceiving that Bradman struggled against bouncers during his 232 at The Oval, Jardine decided to combine traditional leg theory with short-pitched bowling to combat Bradman. He settled on the Notts fast bowlers Harold Larwood and Bill Voce as the spearheads for his tactics. In support, the England selectors chose another three pacemen for the squad. The unusually high number of fast bowlers caused a lot of comment in both countries and Bradman himself suspected a virulent intent.^[12] In the sport of cricket, a bouncer (or bumper) is a type of delivery, usually bowled by a fast bowler. ... The famous gasometers, which are now listed buildings. ... Leg theory is a bowling tactic in the sport of cricket. ... Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club is one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English domestic cricket structure, representing the historic county of Nottinghamshire. ... Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the sport of cricket. ... Harold Larwood (November 14, 1904 - July 22, 1995) was an English cricket player, an extremely quick and accurate fast bowler best known for his key role as the implementer of fast leg theory in the infamous Bodyline Ashes Test series of 1932-33. ... Bill Voce (8 August 1909, Annesley Woodhouse, Nottinghamshire, England - 6 June 1984, Lenton, Nottinghamshire) was an English cricket player. ... Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the sport of cricket. ...

Bradman had several other problems to deal with at this time. During the tour of North America, he began suffering random bouts of illness from an undiagnosed malaise. The Australian Board of Control initially refused permission for him to write for the press. The dispute was eventually resolved after Bradman threatened to quit the game. In three first-class games against England before the Tests, Bradman averaged just 17.16 in six innings.^[43] Jardine decided to trial the new tactics in only one game, a fixture against an Australian XI at Melbourne. In this match, Bradman faced the leg theory and later warned local administrators that trouble was brewing if it continued. He withdrew from the first Test at Sydney amid rumours that he had suffered a nervous breakdown. Despite his absence, England bowled Bodyline (as it was now dubbed) and won an ill-tempered match in which Stan McCabe scored a famous century.^[13] North America North America is a continent [1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... Cricket Australia logo Cricket Australia, formerly (and still often referred to as) the Australian Cricket Board, is the governing body for professional and amateur cricket in Australia. ... Reading the newspaper: Brookgreen Gardens in Pawleys Island, South Carolina, United States. ... First-class cricket matches are those between international teams or the highest standard of domestic teams in which teams have two innings each. ... For the womens version of the game, see Womens Test cricket. ... â€œMCGâ€ redirects here. ... The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) (, ) is a cricket stadium in Sydney. ... For the EP by Black Flag, a punk rock band, see Nervous Breakdown. ... Bill Woodfull evades a Bodyline ball. ... Stanley Joseph McCabe (16 July 1910, Grenfell, New South Wales, Australia - 25 August 1968) was an Australian cricketer. ...

The public clamoured for the return of Bradman to defeat Bodyline: "he was the batsman who could conquer this cankerous bowling..."Bradmania", amounting almost to religious fervour, demanded his return".^[44] Included as a replacement for Alan Kippax, Bradman walked to the crease on the first day of the second Test at the MCG with the score at 2/67. A world record crowd of 63,993 provided a standing ovation that delayed play for several minutes.^[45] Anticipating the bouncer first ball, Bradman moved across to play the hook shot. The ball failed to rise and he dragged it onto his stumps, thus making a first-ball duck in a Test for the first time. The crowd fell into stunned silence as he walked off. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Alan Falconer Kippax (Born 25 May 1897 in Paddington, New South Wales, died 5 September 1972 in Bellevue Hill, New South Wales) was a cricketer for New South Wales and Australia. ... â€œMCGâ€ redirects here. ... Andrew Strauss batting for England during the 2005 NatWest Series In the sport of cricket, batting is the act or skill of hitting the cricket ball with a cricket bat in order to score runs without getting out. ... In the sport of cricket, the term stump has three different meanings: part of the wicket, a manner of dismissing a batsman, and the end of the days play (stumps). // The stumps are three vertical posts which support two bails. ... In cricket, a duck denotes a batsman getting out for a score of zero and usually used in the saying Out for a duck. Originally called a ducks egg because of the 0 shape in the scorebook. ...

Australia took a first innings lead in the match, and another record crowd on 2 January 1933 watched Bradman hit a counterattacking second innings century. His unbeaten 103 (from 146 balls) in a team total of 191 helped set England a target of 251 to win. Bill O’Reilly and Bert Ironmonger bowled Australia to a series-levelling victory amid hopes that Bodyline was beaten.^[46] William Joseph OReilly or Tiger OReilley (20 December 1905 - 6 October 1992), was an outstanding Australian cricketer, and, in retirement, a well-respected cricket writer and broadcaster. ... Herbert Ironmonger (April 7, 1882, Pine Mountain, Queensland - May 31, 1971, St Kilda, Victoria, Australia) was a Victorian and Australian cricketer. ...

The third Test at Adelaide Oval proved pivotal. Angry crowd scenes occurred after the Australian skipper Bill Woodfull and wicketkeeper Bert Oldfield were hit by bouncers. An apologetic Plum Warner entered the Australian dressing room and was rebuked by Woodfull. The Board of Control, in a cable to the MCC, repeated the allegation of poor sportsmanship directed at Warner by Woodfull.^[47] England continued with Bodyline despite Australian protests, and with the support of the MCC. The tourists won the last three Tests convincingly and regained the Ashes. Bradman caused controversy with his own tactics. Always seeking to score, he often backed away and hit the ball into the vacant half of the outfield with unorthodox shots reminiscent of tennis or golf.^[48] This brought him 396 runs (at 56.57) for the series and plaudits for attempting to find a solution to Bodyline. However, others thought it proved the theory that he didn’t handle the short ball very well. Jack Fingleton was in no doubt that Bradman's game altered irrevocably as a consequence, writing: The Adelaide Oval is a sports stadium in Adelaide, South Australia. ... Bill Woodfull William Bill Woodfull (22 August 1897, Maldon, Victoria, Australia - 11 August 1965, Tweed Heads South, New South Wales) was an Australian cricket player. ... A wicket keeper in characteristic position, ready to face a delivery. ... William Albert Stanley Bert Oldfield (9 September 1894, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia - 10 August 1976, Sydney, New South Wales) was an Australian cricket player. ... It is sporting to shake the hand of ones opponent after the end of a game. ... For other uses, see Tennis (disambiguation). ... This article is about the sport. ... For other uses, see Bouncer (disambiguation). ...

The constant glare of celebrity and the tribulations of the season forced Bradman to reappraise his life outside the game and seek a career not linked to his cricketing fame.^[50] Harry Hodgetts, a South Australian delegate to the Board of Control, offered Bradman work as a stockbroker if he would relocate to Adelaide and captain South Australia (SA). Unknown to the public, the SA Cricket Association (SACA) instigated Hodgett’s approach and subsidised Bradman’s wage.^[51] Although his wife was hesitant about moving, Bradman eventually agreed to the deal in February 1934.^[52] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For the song, see South Australia (song). ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... The Southern Redbacks are an Australian first class cricket team based in Adelaide, South Australia. ...

Near death

In his farewell season for NSW, Bradman averaged 132.44, his best yet.^[8] He was appointed vice-captain for the 1934 tour of England. However, his health continued to be variable.^[53] Although he again started with a double century at Worcester, his famed concentration soon deserted him. Wisden wrote:

At one stage, Bradman went 13 innings without a century, the longest such spell of his career, prompting suggestions that Bodyline had eroded his confidence and altered his technique. After three Tests, the series was one-all and Bradman had scored 133 runs in five innings. The Australians travelled to Sheffield and played a warm up game before the fourth Test. Bradman started slowly and then, "... the old Bradman [was] back with us, in the twinkling of an eye, almost".^[55] He went on to make 140, with the last 90 runs coming in just 45 minutes. On the opening day of the Test at Leeds, England were out for 200, but Australia slumped to 3/39, losing the third wicket from the last ball of the day.^[56] Listed to bat at number five, Bradman would start his innings the next day. Bramall Lane Stadium is the home of Sheffield United Football Club in Sheffield, England and is the oldest major stadium in the world still to be hosting professional football matches. ...

That evening, Bradman declined an invitation to dinner from Neville Cardus, telling the journalist that he wanted an early night because the team needed him to make a double century the next day. Cardus pointed out that his previous innings on the ground was 334, and the law of averages was against another such score. Bradman told Cardus, "I don’t believe in the law of averages".^[57] Sir Neville Cardus (2 April 1889 - 27 February 1975) was a celebrated British journalist. ...

Bradman batted all day and into the next. His record partnership of 388 with Bill Ponsford decimated the English attack. When he was finally out for 304 (473 balls, 43 fours and two sixes), Australia had a lead of 350 runs. However, rain prevented Australia winning. The effort stretched Bradman’s reserves of energy, and he didn’t play again until the fifth Test at The Oval, the match that would decide the Ashes.^[58]

In the first innings at The Oval, Bradman and Ponsford recorded another massive partnership, this time 451 runs. Bradman’s share was 244 from 271 balls, and the Australian total of 701 set up victory by 562 runs. For the fourth time in five series, the Ashes changed hands.^[59] England would not recover them again until after Bradman's retirement.

Seemingly restored to full health, Bradman blazed two centuries in the last two games of the tour. However, when he returned to London to prepare for the trip home, he experienced severe abdominal pain. It took a doctor more than 24 hours to diagnose acute appendicitis and a surgeon operated immediately. Bradman lost a lot of blood during the four-hour procedure and peritonitis set in. With penicillin and sulphonamides still experimental treatments at this time, this was usually a fatal condition.^[60] On 25 September, the hospital issued a statement that Bradman was struggling for his life and that blood donors were needed urgently.^[61] Appendicitis (or epityphlitis) is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix[1]. While mild cases may resolve without treatment, most require removal of the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomy or laparoscopy. ... For the Japanese rock band, see Penicillin (band). ... Sulfonamides, also known as sulfa drugs, are synthetic antimicrobial agents derived from sulfonic acid. ...

"The effect of the announcement was little short of spectacular."^[60] The hospital could not deal with the number of donors, or with the volume of telephone calls the news generated, so the switchboard closed. Journalists were asked by their editors to prepare obituaries. Teammate Bill O’Reilly took a call from King George’s secretary, asking that the King be kept informed of the situation.^[61] King George V King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Emperor of India His Majesty King George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert) (3 June 1865–20 January 1936) was the last British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, changing the name to the...

Jessie Bradman started the month-long journey to London as soon as she received the news. En route she heard a rumour that her husband had died.^[60] A telephone call clarified the situation and by the time she reached London, Bradman had begun a slow recovery. He followed medical advice to convalesce, taking several months to return to Australia and he missed the 1934–35 season.^[13] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (305x743, 127 KB) Summary Don Bradman walks out to bat at the Melbourne Cricket Ground during his innings of 270 in the third test of the 1936/37 series against England. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (305x743, 127 KB) Summary Don Bradman walks out to bat at the Melbourne Cricket Ground during his innings of 270 in the third test of the 1936/37 series against England. ... â€œMCGâ€ redirects here. ...

Internal politics and the Test captaincy

There was off-field intrigue in Australian cricket during the winter of 1935. Australia, scheduled to make a tour of South Africa the following summer, needed to replace the retired Bill Woodfull as captain. The Board of Control wanted Bradman to lead the team. On 8 August, the Board announced Bradman's withdrawal from the team due to a lack of fitness, yet he led the SA team in a full programme of matches in the absence of the Test players.^[62] Vic Richardson, whom Bradman replaced as SA captain, was made Test captain, even though his record didn’t warrant a place in the Australian team.^[63] The Southern Redbacks are an Australian first class cricket team based in Adelaide, South Australia. ... For the womens version of the game, see Womens Test cricket. ...

Chris Harte's analysis of the situation is that a prior (unspecified) commercial agreement forced Bradman to remain in Australia.^[64] Moreover, Harte attributes an ulterior motive to his relocation. The off-field behaviour of Richardson and other SA players had displeased the SACA, which was looking for new leadership. To help improve discipline, Bradman became a committeeman of the SACA, and a selector of the SA and Australian teams.^[65] He took his adopted state to the Sheffield Shield title for the first time in ten years, scoring 233 against Queensland, followed immediately by 357 against Victoria. He finished the season with an SA record of 369 (in 233 minutes) against Tasmania.^[62] The Pura Cup (formerly known as the Sheffield Shield) is the domestic first class cricket competition in Australia. ... The Tasmanian Tigers are the official first-class cricket team of Tasmania, Australia. ...

Australia defeated South Africa 4–0 and senior players such as Bill O’Reilly were pointed in their comments about the enjoyment of playing under Richardson's captaincy.^[66] A clique of players who were openly hostile toward Bradman formed during the tour. For some, the prospect of playing under Bradman was daunting, as was the knowledge that he would be sitting in judgment of their abilities in his role as a selector.^[67] William Joseph OReilly or Tiger OReilley (20 December 1905 - 6 October 1992), was an outstanding Australian cricketer, and, in retirement, a well-respected cricket writer and broadcaster. ...

To start the new season, the Test side played a rest of Australia team captained by Bradman at Sydney in early October 1936. The Test XI suffered a big defeat, due to Bradman’s 212 and a bag of twelve wickets by leg-spinner Frank Ward.^[68] Bradman let the members of the Test team know that despite their recent success, the team still required improvement.^[67] Shortly after, Bradman's first child was born on 28 October, but died the next day. He stood out of cricket for two weeks, then made 192 in three hours against Victoria in the last match before the beginning of the Ashes series. The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) (, ) is a cricket stadium in Sydney. ... Spin bowling, sometimes known as slow bowling, is a technique used for bowling in the sport of cricket. ... Francis Anthony Ward (born February 23, 1906, Sydney, New South Wales, died March 25, 1974, Brooklyn, New South Wales) was an Australian cricketer who played in 4 Tests from 1936 to 1938. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Test selectors made five changes to the team from the previous match at Durban. Australia’s most successful bowler Clarrie Grimmett was replaced by Ward, one of four players making their debut. The controversy over Grimmett’s continuing omission from the team dogged Bradman for the next two years – he was regarded as having finished the veteran’s Test career.^[69] Cricket ground in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. ... Clarence Victor Clarrie Grimmett (1891-Australian cricket player, thought by many to be one of the finest early spin bowlers, and usually credited as the developer of the flipper. ...

Australia suffered the worst of the weather conditions in the opening two Tests and crashed to successive losses. Bradman made two ducks in his four innings, and it seemed the captaincy was affecting his form.^[50] The selectors made another four changes to the team for the third Test at Melbourne. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Sir George Oswald Browning Allen (known as Gubby Allen) (born 31 July 1902, Sydney, Australia; died 29 November 1989, London) was an Australian-born English cricketer, renowned as both a bowler and batsman, who played 25 tests for England and was captain in 11 of them. ... In cricket, a duck denotes a batsman getting out for a score of zero and usually used in the saying Out for a duck. Originally called a ducks egg because of the 0 shape in the scorebook. ... â€œMCGâ€ redirects here. ...

On New Year's day 1937, Bradman won the toss, but again failed with the bat. The Australians could not take advantage of an easy wicket and finished the day at 6/181. Rain dramatically altered the course of the game on the second day. Bradman declared to get England in on the sticky wicket; England conceded a lead of 124 and declared to get Australia back in; Bradman countered by reversing his batting order to protect his run-makers until the wicket improved. The ploy worked and Bradman went in at number seven. In an epic performance spread over three days, he battled a dose of influenza and scored 270 off 375 balls, sharing a record partnership of 346 with Jack Fingleton^[70] and Australia went on to victory. In 2001, Wisden rated this performance as the best Test match innings of all time.^[71] Cricket pitch (not to scale) A wicket consists of three stumps that are placed into the ground, and topped with two bails. ... In the sport of cricket a declaration occurs when a captain declares his teams innings closed and a forfeiture is when a captain chooses to forfeit an innings. ... Cricket pitch (not to scale) A wicket consists of three stumps that are placed into the ground, and topped with two bails. ... Influenza, commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). ... An innings, or inning, is a fixed-length segment of a game in any of a variety of sports â€“ most notably baseball and cricket â€“ during which one team attempts to score while the other team attempts to prevent the first from scoring. ... John Henry Webb Fingleton, better known as Jack Fingleton, was an Australian cricketer and cricket commentator. ...

At Adelaide, England had the upper hand in the next Test when Bradman played another patient second innings, making 212 from 395 balls. Australia levelled the series when the erratic left-arm spinner “Chuck” Fleetwood-Smith bowled Australia to victory. In the series-deciding fifth Test, Bradman returned to a more aggressive style in top-scoring with 169 (off 191 balls) in Australia’s 604. The weight of runs demoralised the opposition and an innings victory ensued.^[72] Australia's achievement of winning a series after going 0–2 down has yet to be equalled in Test cricket. The Adelaide Oval is a sports stadium in Adelaide, South Australia. ... Spin bowling, sometimes known as slow bowling, is a technique used for bowling in the sport of cricket. ... Leslie OBrien Chuck Fleetwood-Smith (born March 30, 1908, Stawell, Victoria, died March 16, 1971, Fitzroy, Victoria) was an Australian cricketer who played in 10 Tests from 1935 to 1938. ...

End of an era

During the 1938 tour of England, Bradman played the most consistent cricket of his career. He needed to score heavily as England had a strengthened batting line-up, while the Australian bowling was over-reliant on O’Reilly. Grimmett was overlooked, but Jack Fingleton made the team, so the clique of anti-Bradman players remained.^[9] Playing 26 innings on tour, Bradman recorded 13 centuries (a new Australian record) and again made a thousand first-class runs before the end of May, the only player to do so twice. In scoring 2,429 runs, Bradman achieved the highest average ever recorded in an English season: 115.66.^[73] Darren Gough bowling In the sport of cricket, bowling is the action of propelling the ball toward the wicket defended by a batsman. ... John Henry Webb Fingleton, better known as Jack Fingleton, was an Australian cricketer and cricket commentator. ... This article is about social groups, for other uses see Clique (disambiguation). ... An innings, or inning, is a fixed-length segment of a game in any of a variety of sports â€“ most notably baseball and cricket â€“ during which one team attempts to score while the other team attempts to prevent the first from scoring. ... First-class cricket matches are those between international teams or the highest standard of domestic teams in which teams have two innings each. ...

In the first Test, Australia conceded a big first innings score and looked likely to lose when Stan McCabe played his classic knock of 232, a performance Bradman rated as the best he had ever seen. With Australia forced to follow-on, Bradman fought hard to ensure McCabe’s effort was not in vain, and he secured the draw with 144 not out.^[74] It was the slowest Test hundred of his career and he played a similar innings of 102 not out in the next Test as Australia struggled to another draw. Rain completely washed out the third Test at Manchester. Image File history File links Don_Bradman_and_Stan_McCabe. ... Image File history File links Don_Bradman_and_Stan_McCabe. ... Stanley Joseph McCabe (16 July 1910, Grenfell, New South Wales, Australia - 25 August 1968) was an Australian cricketer. ... An innings, or inning, is a fixed-length segment of a game in any of a variety of sports â€“ most notably baseball and cricket â€“ during which one team attempts to score while the other team attempts to prevent the first from scoring. ... Follow-on is a term (noun and verb) used in the sport of cricket. ... Lancashire CCC - main entrance Old Trafford Cricket Ground in Manchester, England has been the home of Manchester Cricket Club since 1856 and of the Lancashire County Cricket Club since it was founded in 1864. ...

Australia’s opportunity came at Headingley, a Test described by Bradman as the best he ever played.^[75] England batted first and made 223. During the Australian innings, Bradman backed himself by opting to bat on in poor light when he had the option to go off, and he scored 103 out of a total of 242. The gamble paid off, as an England collapse left a target of only 107, but Australia slumped to 4/61, with Bradman out for 16. As an approaching storm threatened to wash the game out, Lindsay Hassett hit Australia to a victory that retained the Ashes.^[76] For the only time in his life, the tension of the occasion got to Bradman and he couldn’t watch the closing stages of play. This response reflected the pressure that he felt all tour: he described the captaincy as “exhausting” and that he “found it difficult to keep going”.^[75] Headingley Stadium is a sporting complex in the Leeds suburb of Headingley. ... Arthur Lindsay Hassett (born August 28, 1913, Geelong, Victoria, died June 16, 1993, Batehaven, New South Wales) was an Australian cricketer who played in 43 Tests from 1938 to 1953. ... For other uses, see The Ashes (disambiguation). ...

Ironically, the euphoria of Leeds preceded Australia's heaviest defeat. At The Oval, England amassed a world record of 7/903 and their opening batsman Len Hutton scored 364 to break Bradman’s Ashes record. In an attempt to relieve the burden on his bowlers, Bradman took a rare turn at the bowling crease. During his third over, he fractured his ankle, and teammates carried him from the ground.^[77] With Bradman and Fingleton unable to bat, Australia was thrashed by an innings and 579 runs, which remains the largest margin in Test cricket history.^[78] Unfit to complete the tour, Bradman left the team in the hands of vice-captain Stan McCabe. At this point, Bradman felt that the burden of captaincy would prevent him from touring England again, although he didn’t make this decision public.^[75] Headingley Stadium is a sporting complex in the Leeds suburb of Headingley. ... The famous gasometers, which are now listed buildings. ... For more coverage of cricket, go to the Cricket portal. ... In the sport of cricket, an over is a set of six consecutive balls bowled in succession. ...

Despite the pressure of captaincy, Bradman’s batting form remained supreme. An experienced, mature player now more commonly called “The Don” had replaced the blitzing style of his early days as the “Boy from Bowral”.^[79] In 1938–39, he led SA to the Sheffield Shield and made a century in six consecutive innings to equal the world record of CB Fry.^[80] From the beginning of the 1938 tour of England (including preliminary games in Australia) until early 1939, Bradman totalled 21 first-class centuries in just 34 innings. The Southern Redbacks are an Australian first class cricket team based in Adelaide, South Australia. ... The Pura Cup (formerly known as the Sheffield Shield) is the domestic first class cricket competition in Australia. ... Charles Burgess Fry (born 25 April 1872 in Croydon, died 7 September 1956 in Hampstead) was an English sportsman. ...

The next season, Bradman made an abortive bid to move to Victoria. The Melbourne Cricket Club advertised for the position of club secretary and he was led to believe that if he applied, he would get the job.^[81] It was the most sought after, and highest paying, sports administration post in Australia. On 18 January 1939, the club's committee chose ex-Test batsman Vernon Ransford over Bradman.^[82] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Motto: Peace and Prosperity Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Governor HE Mr John Landy Premier Steve Bracks (ALP) Area 237,629 km² (6th) - Land 227,416 km² - Water 10,213 km² (4. ... The Melbourne Cricket Club (MCC) is a sporting club based in Melbourne, Australia. ... Vernon Ransford was an Australian cricketer who played in 20 Tests between 1907 and 1912. ...

The 1939–40 season was Bradman's most productive ever for SA: 1,448 runs at 144.8 average.^[8] Included in Bradman’s three double centuries was 251 not out against NSW, the innings that he rated the best he ever played in the Sheffield Shield as he tamed Bill O’Reilly at the height of his form.^[83] However, it was the end of an era. The worsening situation in Europe led to the indefinite postponement of all cricket tours, and the suspension of the Sheffield Shield competition.^[84]

Troubled war years

Bradman joined the RAAF on 28 June 1940 and was passed fit for air crew duty. He bided time in Adelaide as the RAAF had more recruits than it could equip and train. Four months later, the Governor-General of Australia, Lord Gowrie, persuaded Bradman to transfer to the army, a move that was criticised as a safer option for him.^[9] Given the rank of lieutenant, he was posted to the Army School of Physical Training at Frankston, Victoria, to act as a divisional supervisor of physical training. The exertion of the job aggravated his chronic muscular problems, diagnosed as fibrositis. Surprisingly, a routine army test revealed that Bradman had poor eyesight.^[85] The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... Aircrew redirects here. ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. ... Brigadier-General Alexander Gore Arkwright Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie, VC, GCMG, CB, DSO, PC (6 July 1872 â€“ 2 May 1955), tenth Governor-General of Australia, was born in Windsor, Berkshire, the second son of the 8th Lord Ruthven of Freeland. ... The Australian Army is Australias military land force. ... Australian Defence Force Ensign The following image shows the badges of rank and special insignia for officers and enlisted personnel in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) three service branches. ... Frankston is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... Fibromyalgia (FM or FMS) is a chronic syndrome (constellation of signs and symptoms) characterized by diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, fatigue, and a wide range of other symptoms. ...

Invalided out of service in June 1941, Bradman spent months recuperating, unable to shave himself or comb his hair due to muscular pain. He resumed stockbroking during 1942. In his biography of Bradman, Charles Williams expounded the theory that the physical problems were psychosomatic, induced by stress and possibly clinical depression. Bradman read the book's manuscript and did not disagree.^[86] Had any cricket been played at this time, he would not have been available. Although he found some relief in 1945 when referred to the Melbourne masseur Ern Saunders, Bradman permanently lost the feeling in the thumb and index finger of his right hand.^[87] A stock broker or stockbroker or stock brokerage is someone or a firm who performs transactions in financial instruments on a stock market as an agent of his/her/its clients who are unable or unwilling to trade for themselves. ... A psychosomatic illness is one with physical manifestations and supposed psychological cause, often diagnosed when any known or identifiable physical cause was excluded by medical examination. ... On the Threshold of Eternity. ... The City of Melbournes coat of arms The central business district of Melbourne, viewed from the north Alternate meanings: Melbourne (disambiguation) Melbourne is the capital and largest city of the state of Victoria, and the second largest city in Australia, with a population of 52,117 in the Central... For other uses, see Thumb (disambiguation). ... Look up Index in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

In June 1945, Bradman faced a financial crisis when the firm of Harry Hodgetts collapsed due to fraud and embezzlement. Many assumed that Bradman was complicit in the collapse; he was sometimes (erroneously) referred to as a partner of Hodgetts. Bradman moved quickly to set up his own business utilizing Hodgetts’ client list and his old office in Grenfell Street, Adelaide. The fallout led to a prison term for Hodgetts, and left a stigma attached to Bradman’s name in the city’s business community for many years.^[88]

However, the SA Cricket Association had no hesitation in appointing Bradman as their delegate to the Board of Control in place of Hodgetts. Now working alongside some of the men he had battled in the 1930s, Bradman quickly became a leading light in the administration of the game. He resumed his position as a Test selector, and played a major role in planning for post-war cricket.^[89] For delegates in the . ... Cricket Australia logo Cricket Australia, formerly (and still often referred to as) the Australian Cricket Board, is the governing body for professional and amateur cricket in Australia. ...

"The ghost of a once great cricketer"

In 1945–46, Bradman suffered regular bouts of fibrositis while coming to terms with increased administrative duties and the establishment of his business.^[90] He played for SA in two matches to help with the re-establishment of first-class cricket and later described his batting as “painstaking.”^[91] Batting against the Australian Services team, Bradman scored 112 in less than two hours, yet Dick Whitington (playing for the Services) wrote that, “I have seen today the ghost of a once great cricketer.”^[92] Bradman declined a tour of New Zealand and spent the winter of 1946 unsure if he had played his last match. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (681x885, 200 KB) cricket rox Donald Bradman, australian cricket player. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (681x885, 200 KB) cricket rox Donald Bradman, australian cricket player. ... The Southern Redbacks are an Australian first class cricket team based in Adelaide, South Australia. ... The Australian Services cricket team in England in 1945 played 6 first-class matches, winning 3 and losing 2 with 1 match drawn. ...

With the English team due to arrive for the Ashes series, the media and the public were anxious to know if Bradman would lead Australia. His doctor recommended against a return to the game. Encouraged by his wife, Bradman agreed to play in lead-up fixtures to the Test series.^[93] After hitting two centuries, Bradman made himself available for the first Test at The Gabba. The logo of the England Cricket Team which shows the three Lions of England below a five-pointed crown The England cricket team is the national cricket team which represents England and Wales. ... For other uses, see The Ashes (disambiguation). ... For the womens version of the game, see Womens Test cricket. ... The Brisbane Cricket Ground is a major sports stadium in the Queensland capital of Brisbane. ...

The pivotal moment of the Ashes contest came as early as the first day of the series. After compiling an unconfident 28 runs, Bradman hit a ball to the gully fieldsman, Jack Ikin. An appeal for a catch was contentiously denied, the umpire ruling it a bump ball.^[94] At the end of the over, England captain Wally Hammond had a verbal dig at Bradman, and “from then on the series was a cricketing war just when most people desired peace.”^[95] Bradman regained his finest pre-war form in making 187, following that with 234 during the second Test at Sydney. Australia won both matches by an innings. Jack Fingleton speculated that had the decision at Brisbane had gone against him, Bradman would have retired, such were his fitness problems.^[96] In the sport of cricket, a slip fielder (collectively, a slip cordon) is placed fairly close in on the off side of a batsman. ... John Thomas Ikin (born March 7, 1918, Bignall End, Staffordshire, died September 15, 1984, Bignall End, Staffordshire) was an English cricketer who played in 18 Tests from 1946 to 1955. ... A catch in cricket is similar to a catch in baseball. ... Cricket is a team sport played between two teams of eleven. ... In the sport of cricket, an over is a set of six consecutive balls bowled in succession. ... Walter Reginald Hammond (June 19, 1903 - July 1, 1965), often known as Wally Hammond, was an English cricketer, who played for Gloucestershire and England, primarily as a batsman, in a career that straddled (and was disrupted by) the Second World War. ... The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) (, ) is a cricket stadium in Sydney. ...

In the remainder of the series, Bradman made three half-centuries in six innings, but was unable to make another century. Nevertheless, his team won handsomely by 3-0. He was the leading batsman on either side, with an average of 97.14. Nearly 850,000 spectators watched the Tests, which helped lift public spirits after the war.^[97]

Century of centuries and "The Invincibles"

India made its first tour of Australia in the 1947–48 season. On 15 November Bradman made 172 against them for an Australian XI at Sydney, his one hundredth first-class century. The first non-Englishman to achieve the milestone, Bradman remains the only Australian to do so. In five Tests, he scored 715 runs (at 178.75 average). His last double century (201) came at Adelaide, and he scored a century in each innings of the Melbourne Test.^[98] On the eve of the fifth Test, he announced that the match would be his last in Australia, although he would tour England as a farewell. The Australian cricket team on board the RMS Strathaird en-route to England in 1948. ... Image File history File links The Australian cricket team on board the R.M.S. Strathaird (1948). ... Image File history File links The Australian cricket team on board the R.M.S. Strathaird (1948). ... The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) (, ) is a cricket stadium in Sydney. ... First-class cricket matches are those between international teams or the highest standard of domestic teams in which teams have two innings each. ... The Adelaide Oval is a sports stadium in Adelaide, South Australia. ... â€œMCGâ€ redirects here. ...

Australia had assembled one of the great teams of cricket history.^[99] Bradman made it known that he wanted to go through the tour unbeaten, a feat never before accomplished. English spectators were drawn to the matches knowing that it would be their last opportunity to see Bradman in action. RC Robertson-Glasgow observed of Bradman that: Raymond Charles Crusoe Robertson-Glasgow (born July 15, 1901 at Murrayfield, Edinburgh, Scotland; died March 4, 1965 at Buckhold, Berkshire, England) was a British cricketer and cricket writer. ...

Despite his waning powers, Bradman compiled eleven centuries in his 2,428 runs (average 89.92).^[8] His highest score of the tour (187) came against Essex, when the team compiled a world record of 721 runs in a day. In the Tests, he scored a century at Nottingham, but his only truly vintage performance was in the fourth Test at Leeds. England declared on the last morning of the game, setting Australia a world record 404 runs to win in only 345 minutes on a heavily-worn wicket. In partnership with Arthur Morris (182), Bradman reeled off 173 not out and the match was won with fifteen minutes to spare. The journalist Ray Robinson called the victory “the 'finest ever' in its conquest of seemingly insuperable odds.”^[100] Essex County Cricket Club is one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English domestic cricket structure, representing the historic county of Essex. ... For more coverage of cricket, go to the Cricket portal. ... Headingley Stadium is a sporting complex in the Leeds suburb of Headingley. ... In the sport of cricket a declaration occurs when a captain declares his teams innings closed and a forfeiture is when a captain chooses to forfeit an innings. ... Cricket pitch (not to scale) A wicket consists of three stumps that are placed into the ground, and topped with two bails. ... An innings, or inning, is a fixed-length segment of a game in any of a variety of sports â€“ most notably baseball and cricket â€“ during which one team attempts to score while the other team attempts to prevent the first from scoring. ... Arthur Robert Morris (born January 19, 1922 in Bondi, Sydney, New South Wales) was an Australian cricketer who played 46 Test matches and was a member of Don Bradmans Iinvincibles of 1948. ...

In the final Test at The Oval, Bradman walked out to bat in Australia’s first innings, and received a standing ovation from the crowd and three cheers from the opposition. His Test batting average stood at 101.39. Facing the wrist-spin of Eric Hollies, Bradman pushed forward to the second ball that he faced, was deceived by a wrong 'un, and bowled between bat and pad for no score. An England batting collapse resulted in an innings defeat, denying Bradman the opportunity to bat again and so his average finished at 99.94 – just four runs short of an even hundred. The story perpetuated over many years that Bradman missed the ball because of tears in his eyes was a claim he denied for the rest of his life.^[50] The famous gasometers, which are now listed buildings. ... Spin bowling, sometimes known as slow bowling, is a technique used for bowling in the sport of cricket. ... William Eric Hollies (born June 5, 1912 in Old Hill, Staffordshire, died April 16, 1981, Chinley, Derbyshire) was an English cricketer who is mainly remembered for taking the wicket of Donald Bradman for a duck in Bradmans final Test match innings. ... In cricket, a googly is a type of delivery bowled by a right-arm leg spin bowler. ...

The Australian team won the Ashes 4–0, completed the tour unbeaten, and have entered history as “The Invincibles.” Just as Bradman’s legend grew, rather than diminished, over the years, so too has the reputation of the 1948 team. For Bradman, it was the most personally fulfilling period of his playing days, as the divisiveness of the 1930s had passed. He wrote: The Australian cricket team on board the R.M.S. Strathaird en-route to England in 1948. ...

After cricket

After his return to Australia, Bradman played in his own Testimonial match at Melbourne, scoring his 117th and last century, and receiving ₤9,342 in proceeds.^[102] In the 1949 New Year’s Honours List, Bradman was made a Knight Bachelor for his services to the game, and the following year he published a memoir, Farewell to Cricket. Bradman accepted offers from the Daily Mail to travel with, and write about, the 1953 and 1956 Australian teams in England, but never succumbed to the lure of regular journalism. The Art of Cricket, his final book published in 1958, is an instructional manual that retains its relevance today.^[9] A testimonial match, often referred to simply as a testimonial, is a practice in some sports, notably football (soccer) and especially in England, where a club puts on a match in honor of a player for service to the club. ... The dignity of Knight Bachelor is a part of the British honours system. ... The Daily Mail is a British newspaper and the oldest tabloid, first published in 1896. ... For the video game of the same name, see The Art of Cricket (video game). ...

In June 1954, Bradman retired from his stockbroking business and then earned a “comfortable” income^[103] as a board member of sixteen publicly-listed companies. His highest profile affiliation was with Argo Investments Limited, where he was Chairman for a number of years. Charles Williams commented that, "[b]usiness was excluded on medical grounds, [so] the only sensible alternative was a career in the administration of the game which he loved and to which he had given most of his active life".^[104] A stock broker or stockbroker or stock brokerage is someone or a firm who performs transactions in financial instruments on a stock market as an agent of his/her/its clients who are unable or unwilling to trade for themselves. ... Argo Investments Limited ASX: ARG is an Australian listed investment company (LIC) with its shares traded on the Australian Stock Exchange. ... Chairman of the Board redirects here. ...

The MCC awarded Bradman life membership in 1958 and his portrait hung in the Long Room at Lord's.^[105] He opened the “Bradman Stand” at the SCG in January 1974. Later that year, he attended a Lord's Taverners function in London where he experienced heart problems,^[106] which forced him to limit his appearances to select occasions only. With his wife, Bradman returned to Bowral in 1976, where the new cricket ground was named in his honour. He gave the keynote speech at the historic Centenary Test at Melbourne in 1977 and the following year he attended a reunion of his 1948 team, organised by the Primary Club charity. On 16 June 1979, the Australian government awarded Bradman the nation’s highest civilian honour, Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).^[13] In 1980, he resigned from the ACB and led a more secluded life. Lords 2005 The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), founded in 1787, is a private members club and was the original governing body of cricket in England and across the world. ... The Pavilion The Grand Stand Match in progress The Media Centre at Lords Cricket Ground This memorial stone to Lord Harris is in the Harris Garden at Lords Lords Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in St Johns Wood in London, at grid reference TQ268827. ... The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) (, ) is a cricket stadium in Sydney. ... Bowral Station Bowral is a town located in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. ... Centenary Test refers to two matches of Test cricket between the English cricket team and the Australian cricket team, the first in 1977 and the second in 1980. ... â€œMCGâ€ redirects here. ... The Primary Club, started in 1955, is a charity based in Essex, England that raises money to provide sports and recreational facilities for the visually impaired. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy, a federation, and a parliamentary democracy. ... Insignia of a Companion of the Order of Australia. ...

Administrative career

In addition to acting as South Australia’s delegate to the Board of Control from 1945 to 1980, Bradman was a committeeman of the SACA between 1935 and 1986. It is estimated that he attended 1713 SACA meetings during this half century of service. He was a selector for the Test team between 1936 and 1971.^[108] Cricket Australia logo Cricket Australia, formerly (and still often referred to as) the Australian Cricket Board, is the governing body for professional and amateur cricket in Australia. ...

Cricket suffered from an increase in defensive play during the 1950s. As a selector, Bradman favoured attacking, positive players who entertained the paying public and he formed an alliance with Australian captain Richie Benaud in seeking more attractive play.^[109] The duo was given much of the credit for the exciting 1960–61 tour by the West Indies, which included the first ever tied Test, played at Brisbane.^[110]

He served two high-profile periods as Chairman of the Board of Control, in 1960–63 and 1969–72.^[111] During the first period, he dealt with the growing prevalence of illegal bowling actions in the game, a problem that Bradman called "the most complex I have known in cricket, because it is not a matter of fact but of opinion".^[9] The major controversy of his second stint was a proposed tour of Australia by South Africa in 1971–72. On Bradman's recommendation, the series was cancelled.^[112]

In the late 1970s, Bradman played an important role during the WSC schism as a member of a special ACB committee formed to handle the crisis. He was criticised for not airing an opinion on the matter, but he dealt with WSC in a more pragmatic manner than other administrators.^[113] Richie Benaud, in his capacity as a consultant to WSC, prepared a document on the inner workings of official cricket. In it, he described Bradman as “a brilliant administrator and businessman”, warning that he was not to be underestimated.^[114] Cricket Australia logo Cricket Australia, formerly (and still often referred to as) the Australian Cricket Board, is the governing body for professional and amateur cricket in Australia. ...

As Australian captain, Ian Chappell fought with Bradman over the issue of player remuneration in the early 1970s. Recently, he has commented that Bradman should have been more empathetic toward the players, considering Bradman's own clashes with administrators in the 1930s. While Chappell has suggested that Bradman was responsible for the split, and that he was parsimonious and treated the ACB's money as his own,^[115] Gideon Haigh considers that Bradman was applying the standards of his own generation without taking into account that society (and sports) had changed: Ian Michael Chappell (born September 26, 1943 in Unley, South Australia) is a former Australian Test cricketer, who captained Australia between 1971 and 1975 before becoming one of the central figures in the breakaway World Series Cricket (WSC) organisation. ...

Later years and legacy

Cricket writer David Frith summed up the paradox of the continuing fascination with Bradman:^[117] David Frith is one of the foremost cricketing writers and historians of modern times, who has become well renowned all over the world for his insights into world cricket and its development. ...

Although he was modest about his own abilities and generous in his praise of other cricketers, “Bradman knew perfectly well how great a player he had been”.^[118] In his latter years, Bradman carefully selected the people to whom he gave interviews, in an attempt to influence his legacy.^[119] He assisted Michael Page, Roland Perry and Charles Williams, who all produced biographical works about Bradman during the 1980s and 1990s. Bradman agreed to an extensive interview for ABC radio, broadcast as Bradman: The Don Declares in eight 55-minute episodes during 1988.^[120] Roland Perry is a Melbourne based author. ...

The most significant project was a museum, opened in 1987 at the Bradman Oval in Bowral. This organisation restructured in 1993 as a non-profit charitable trust, called the Bradman Foundation. Bradman signed over the intellectual property rights to his name, likeness and image to the organisation, creating a stream of merchandising that guarantees its continued operation.^[10] He agreed to a television interview for Channel Nine after Kerry Packer offered a $1.2 million donation to the foundation. The resultant program was broadcast on 29 May 1996 as Don Bradman - 87 Not Out.^[50] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Kerry Francis Bullmore Packer AC (17 December 1937 â€“ 26 December 2005) was an Australian publishing, media and gaming tycoon. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

After his wife's death in 1997, Bradman suffered “a discernable and not unexpected wilting of spirit”.^[121] On his ninetieth birthday, he hosted a meeting with his two favourite modern players, Shane Warne and Sachin Tendulkar, but he was not seen in his familiar place at the Adelaide Oval again. Hospitalised with pneumonia in December 2000, he returned home in the New Year and died there on 25 February 2001. Shane Keith Warne (born 13 September 1969 in Upper Ferntree Gully, Victoria), is an Australian cricketer and the current captain of Hampshire. ... Tendulkar redirects here. ... This article is about human pneumonia. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

Bradman was the first living Australian featured on an Australian postage stamp, issued in 1997. In 2001, a major arterial road in Adelaide was re-named Sir Donald Bradman Drive. After his death, the Australian Government produced a 20 cent coin to commemorate his life. Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... Sir Donald Bradman Drive is a major arterial road that travels east-west through the western suburbs of Adelaide, Australia[2]. It is the main route from Adelaide to Adelaide Airport. ... The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy, a federation, and a parliamentary democracy. ... The 20 cent coin of the Australian decimal currency system was issued with conversion to decimal currency on 14 February 1966. ...

Family life

Bradman first met Jessie Martha Menzies in 1920 when she boarded with the Bradman family to be closer to school in Bowral. On 30 April 1932, the couple wed at St Paul’s Anglican Church at Burwood, Sydney.^[13] During their 65-year marriage, Jessie was the most influential person in Bradman’s life. Described as, “shrewd, reliable, selfless, and above all, uncomplicated ... she was the perfect foil to his concentrated, and occasionally mercurial character”.^[122] Numerous times Bradman paid tribute to his wife, once saying succinctly, “I would never have achieved what I achieved without Jessie”.^[123] is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Bradmans lived in the same modest, suburban house in Holden Street, Kensington Park in Adelaide for all but the first three years of their married life. They experienced much personal tragedy in raising their children. Their first-born son died less than 48 hours after he was born and their second son, John (born in 1939) contracted polio during an epidemic of the disease that swept Adelaide in the summer of 1951–52. Their daughter Shirley was born in 1941 with cerebral palsy. Bradman attempted to keep his children away from the limelight as much as possible. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Poliomyelitis (polio), or infantile paralysis, is a viral paralytic disease. ... Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term encompassing a group of non-progressive,[1] non-contagious diseases that cause physical disability in human development. ...

However, the burden of his family name proved too great for John Bradman to handle. After studying law and qualifying as a barrister, he changed his last name to Bradsen by deed poll in 1972. He went on to a distinguished career as a lecturer in law at Adelaide University. Although claims were made that he became estranged from his father, it was more a matter of “the pair inhabit[ing] different worlds”.^[124] After his death, a collection of personal letters written by Bradman to his close friend Rohan Rivett between 1953 and 1977 was released and gave researchers new insights into Bradman’s family life. The letters detail the strain between father and son.^[125]

Bradman’s reclusiveness in later life is partly attributable to the on-going health problems of his wife. Jessie had open-heart surgery in her sixties and later needed a hip replacement. She died in 1997 from leukaemia. This had a dispiriting effect on Bradman, but the upside was a strengthening of his relationship with his son. The pair became much closer in Bradman’s last years and John resolved to change his name back to Bradman. Since his father’s death, John Bradman has become the spokesperson for the family and has been involved in defending Bradman in a number of disputes about the Bradman legacy.

The relationship between Bradman and his parents and siblings is less clear. Little biographical information on them is available from the period after Bradman moved to Adelaide. Nine months after Bradman’s death, his nephew Paul Bradman criticised him as a “snob” and a “loner’ who forgot his connections in Bowral, and who failed to attend the funerals of his mother and father.^[126]

Batting technique

Bradman’s early development was shaped by the high bounce of the ball on matting over concrete pitches. He favoured "horizontal-bat" shots (such as the hook, pull and cut) to deal with the bounce and devised a unique grip on the bat handle that would accommodate these strokes without compromising his ability to defend. Employing a side-on stance at the wicket, Bradman kept perfectly still as the bowler ran in.^[127] His backswing had a "crooked" look that troubled his early critics, but he resisted entreaties to change.^[128] Donald Bradmanâ€™s batting technique has been the subject of curiosity and analysis from students of cricket since the time he first came to prominence as a batsman in Australia during the 1920s. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

His backswing kept his hands in close to the body, leaving him perfectly balanced and able to change his stroke mid-swing, if need be.^[129] Another telling factor was the decisiveness of Bradman’s footwork. He “used the crease” by either coming metres down the wicket to drive, or playing so far back that his feet ended up level with the stumps when playing the cut, hook or pull.^[130]

Bradman’s game evolved with experience. He temporarily adapted his technique during the Bodyline series, deliberately moving around the crease in an attempt to score from the short-pitched deliveries.^[131] He had an ability to switch between a defensive or attacking innings as the occasion demanded, during the peak of his career in the mid-1930s. After the war, he readjusted to bat within the limitations set by his age, becoming a steady “accumulator” of runs.^[132]

However, Bradman never truly mastered batting on sticky wickets. Wisden commented, "[i]f there really is a blemish on his amazing record it is... the absence of a significant innings on one of those 'sticky dogs' of old".^[1] Sticky Wicket was episode twenty-one of the first season of the TV series M*A*S*H. It originally aired on March 4, 1973. ...

In popular culture

The appearances of former Australian cricketer Don Bradman in popular culture are many and varied. ...

As an archetypal name

Bradman's name has become an archetypal name for outstanding excellence, both within cricket and in the wider world. The mathematician, G. H. Hardy, an avid cricket fan, once declared the German mathematician David Hilbert "the Don Bradman of mathematics,".^{[citation needed]} An archetypal name is a special form of eponym. ... G. H. Hardy Godfrey Harold Hardy (February 7, 1877 – December 1, 1947) was a prominent British mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis. ... | name = David Hilbert | image = Hilbert1912. ...

In literature

Bradman has been the subject of more biographies than any other Australian, apart from the outlaw Ned Kelly.^[133] Bradman authored four books himself: Don Bradman’s Book–The Story of My Cricketing Life with Hints on Batting, Bowling and Fielding (1930), My Cricketing Life (1938), Farewell to Cricket (1950) and The Art of Cricket (1958). Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... â€œMCGâ€ redirects here. ... For other uses, see Ned Kelly (disambiguation). ... For the video game of the same name, see The Art of Cricket (video game). ...

In film

The story of the Bodyline series was retold in a 1984 television mini-series, in which Hugo Weaving played Douglas Jardine and Gary Sweet played Don Bradman.^[134] Bill Woodfull evades a Bodyline ball. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Gary Sweet (born May 22, 1957 in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian film and television actor known for his roles of Steve in Alexandras Project (2003), Police Rescue, Cody, Big Sky, The Battlers, Bodyline and Stingers. ...

In song

Bradman is immortalised in three popular songs from different eras, "Our Don Bradman" (1930s, by Jack O'Hagan), "Bradman" (1980s, by Paul Kelly) and "Sir Don", (a tribute by John Williamson performed at Bradman's Memorial Service).^[135] Bradman recorded several songs accompanying himself and others on piano in the early 1930s, including "Every Day Is A Rainbow Day For Me".^[136] Paul Kelly redirects here. ... Williamson performing at the memorial service for Steve Irwin (September 2006) John Robert Williamson AM (born 1 November 1945 in Quambatook, Victoria) is an Australian country music singer-songwriter. ...

Other

A popular story is that Sir Charles Moses, General Manager of the ABC, arranged for Bradman's Test batting average to be the post office box number of the ABC. The ABC's mailing address in every capital city of Australia is PO Box 9994. There is some debate about whether the story is true.^[137] Sir Charles Moses (born January 21, 1900 in Little Hulton, Lancashire, England, died February 9, 1988 in Sydney, Australia) headed the Australian Broadcasting Commission (to become the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in 1983) from 1935 until 1965. ... The Australian Broadcasting Corporation or ABC is Australias national non-profit public broadcaster. ...

In 2000, the Australian Government made it illegal for the names of corporations to suggest a link to "Sir Donald Bradman", if such a link does not in fact exist.^[138] Other entities with similar protection are the Australian and foreign governments, the Royal Family, and the RSL.^[139] Members of the Royal Family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the Trooping the Colour ceremony The British Royal Family is shared between the Commonwealth Realms; this article focuses on the perspective of United Kingdom. ... RSL National HQ, on Constitution Ave, Canberra, near the Australian Defence Force Russell Offices HQ The Returned and Services League of Australia (often abbreviated to RSL) is a support organisation for men and women who have served or are serving in the Australian Defence Force. ...

Statistical summary

Performance in Test matches

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 409 pixel Image in higher resolution (963 Ã— 492 pixel, file size: 7 KB, MIME type: image/png) This graph details the Test Match performance of Don Bradman. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 409 pixel Image in higher resolution (963 Ã— 492 pixel, file size: 7 KB, MIME type: image/png) This graph details the Test Match performance of Don Bradman. ...

Performance in all matches

Test records extant

Brian Charles Lara (born May 2, 1969) (nicknamed, The Prince of Port-of-Spain or simply The Prince) was a peerless record-breaking cricketer, and the finest batsman to have graced the gentlemans game. ...

Cricket context

Bradman's Test batting average of 99.94 has become one of cricket's most famous, iconic statistics.^[28] No other player who has played more than 20 Test match innings has finished with a Test average of more than 61. Bradman scored centuries at a rate better than one every three innings — in 80 Test innings, Bradman scored 29 centuries.^[140] Only five players have surpassed his total, all at a much lower rate: Sachin Tendulkar (who required 159 innings to do so), Ricky Ponting (170 innings), Sunil Gavaskar (174 innings), Brian Lara (205 innings) and Steve Waugh (247 innings). He converted 41.4% of his centuries into double centuries. His total of 12 Test double hundreds (in 15% of his innings) is the most achieved by any batsman. Next best is Brian Lara with 9 in 232 innings (3.9%), Walter Hammond with 7 in 140 innings (5%) and Kumar Sangakkara 6 in 110 innings (5.45%). Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... In the sport of cricket, a batsman reaches his century when he scores 100 or more runs in the innings. ... Tendulkar redirects here. ... Ricky Thomas Ponting (born December 19, 1974, in Launceston, Tasmania) is an Australian cricketer and current captain of the Australia national cricket team (for both One-Day International and Test cricket). ... Sunil Manohar Gavaskar (Marathi:à¤¸à¥à¤¨à¤¿à¤² à¤®à¤¨à¥‹à¤¹à¤° à¤—à¤¾à¤µà¤¸à¤•à¤°) (born July 10, 1949 at Bombay, Maharashtra), nicknamed Sunny, was a cricket player during the 1970s and 1980s for Bombay and India. ... Brian Charles Lara (born May 2, 1969) (nicknamed, The Prince of Port-of-Spain or simply The Prince) was a peerless record-breaking cricketer, and the finest batsman to have graced the gentlemans game. ... Stephen Rodger Waugh AO (born June 2, 1965 in Canterbury, New South Wales) is a former Australian cricketer who captained the Australian Test cricket team from 1999 to 2004. ... Brian Charles Lara (born May 2, 1969) (nicknamed, The Prince of Port-of-Spain or simply The Prince) was a peerless record-breaking cricketer, and the finest batsman to have graced the gentlemans game. ... Walter Reginald Hammond (June 19, 1903 - July 1, 1965), often known as Wally Hammond, was an English cricketer, who played for Gloucestershire and England, primarily as a batsman, in a career that straddled (and was disrupted by) the Second World War. ... Kumar Chokshanada Sangakkara (born 27 October 1977 at Matale) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. ...

World sport context

Wisden hailed Bradman as, "the greatest phenomenon in the history of cricket, indeed in the history of all ball games".^[1] Statistician Charles Davis argues that Bradman's performance is the most dominant of any player of any major sport. He analyses the statistics for several prominent sportsmen by comparing the number of standard deviations above the mean for their sport. The top performers in his selected sports are:^{[citation needed]} In probability and statistics, the standard deviation of a probability distribution, random variable, or population or multiset of values is a measure of the spread of its values. ...

Using the above criterion, it is estimated that someone of Bradman's calibre appears once in 184,000 batsmen, compared with once in 9,300 football players for the next most highly rated person, Pelé. Bradman's statistic would be even higher if extra deviation created by non-batting specialists was taken into account. This article is about the sport. ... Pele redirects here. ... A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... Tyrus Raymond Ty Cobb (December 18, 1886 â€“ July 17, 1961), nicknamed The Georgia Peach, was a Hall of Fame baseball player and is regarded by historians and journalists[2][3] as the best player of the dead-ball era and as one of the greatest players of all time. ... This article is about the sport. ... Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), also known as The Golden Bear,[1] is widely regarded as the greatest professional golfer of all time, in large part because of his records in major championships. ... This article is about the sport. ... For other persons named Michael Jordan, see Michael Jordan (disambiguation). ... This article is about the sport. ...

In order to post a similarly dominant career statistic as Bradman, a baseball batter would need a career batting average of .392, while a basketball player would need to score 43 points per game. For comparison, Michael Jordan holds the NBA record with an average of 30.1 points per game, while Ty Cobb's career batting average of .366 from 1928 still stands as the MLB high mark. This article is about the sport. ... This article is about the sport. ... The National Basketball Association of the United States and Canada, commonly known as the NBA, is the premier professional basketball league in North America. ... Major League Baseball (MLB) is the highest level of play in professional baseball in North America. ...

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c Cricinfo.com: Sir Donald Bradman player profile. Accessed 20 August 2007.
^ BBC Sport: Your tributes to the Don. Accessed 3 August 2007.
^ Davis (2000).
^ By way of comparison, the second and third best Test averages over completed careers of batsmen who have played 20 Tests or more are 60.97 and 60.83 by Graeme Pollock (South Africa) and George Headley (West Indies), respectively. These statistics exclude current players and those who have completed fewer than 20 innings. Refer to the statistical summary section.
^ Legislative Assembly of ACT: Hansard. Accessed 20 August 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ABC Radio: The Sports Factor, 2 March 2001 (transcript). Accessed 20 August 2007.
^ McGilvray (1986), pp 20–23.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Wisden, 1949 edition: "A Miracle Has Been Removed From Among Us", by RC Robertson-Glasgow. Accessed 20 August 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Wisden, 2002 edition: "A Personal Recollection", by EW Swanton. Accessed 3 August 2007.
^ ^a ^b Wisden, 2002 edition: "Beyond the Legend", by Gideon Haigh. Accessed 22 August 2007
^ wargs.com: Ancestry of Sir Don Bradman. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bradman Foundation: Biography. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Bradman Digital Library: Essay by Michael Page. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ Harte (1993), pp 300–302.
^ St George CC: History. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ Page (1983), pp 21–23.
^ Robinson (1981), p 138.
^ Bradman (1950), p 25.
^ Wisden, 1930 edition: 1st Test Australia v England, match report. Accessed 7 August 2007.
^ Whitington (1974), p 142.
^ Whitington (1974), p 147. This record was broken in the next Test when Australia’s Archie Jackson hit 164 on debut at Adelaide.
^ Wisden, 1930 edition: 4th Test Australia v England, match report. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ Bradman (1950). See appendix.
^ Bradman (1950), p 29.
^ Quoted by Page (1983), p 49.
^ The Times Online: Forgotten genius. Accessed 13 September 2007.
^ Page (1983), p 361.
^ ^a ^b Cricinfo.com: Speed without haste, risk without recklessness Accessed 15 September 2007.
^ Wisden, 1931 edition: 2nd Test England v Australia, match report. Accessed 8 August 2007.
^ Cricinfo.com: Hundred before lunch. Accessed 12 August 2007.
^ Cricinfo.com: Most runs in a day. Accessed 7 August 2007.
^ Eason (2004), p 336. Whitelaw gave each of the other Australian players an ashtray.
^ Wisden, 1931 edition: 5th Test England v Australia, match report.
^ The Age: The coming of our Don. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ Figures culled from Wisden, 1931 edition. For scorecards, see [1].
^ Harte (1993), p 327.
^ Cashman et al (1996), p 573.
^ Wisden, 1933 edition: South African team in Australia and New Zealand 1931–32. Accessed 13 September 2007. Record beaten by Bob Cowper, who scored 307 in 1965–66. See [2].
^ ^a ^b ^c Williams (1996), pp 78–81.
^ Cricinfo.com: When the Don met the Babe. Accessed 15 September 2007.
^ Quoted by Harte (1993), p 327. The rules of English billiards were changed to limit the prodigious breaks of Australian Walter Lindrum.
^ Frith (2002), pp 40–41.
^ Bradman (1950), p 60.
^ Whitington (1974), p 170.
^ Williams (1996), pp 97–98.
^ Wisden, 1934 edition: 2nd Test Australia v England, match report. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ The Age: Bodyline consumed two nations. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ Williams (1996), p 99.
^ Fingleton (1949), p 198.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cricinfo.com: The Bradman interview (transcript). Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Harte (1993), pp 352–353.
^ Williams (1996), p 119–120.
^ Cricinfo.com: Call back the medics. Accessed 15September 2007.
^ Wisden, 1935 edition: The Australian team in England 1934. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ Williams (1996), p 131.
^ Cricinfo.com: Ponsford, Bradman and the spin triplets. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Rosenwater (1978), p 229.
^ Wisden, 1935 edition: 4th Test England v Australia, match report. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ Wisden, 1935 edition: 5th Test England v Australia, match report. Accessed 21 August 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Williams (1996), pp 136–37.
^ ^a ^b O'Reilly (1985), p 139.
^ ^a ^b Bradman (1950), pp 94–97.
^ Richardson's record in 14 Tests was 622 runs at 24.88. Against South Africa, he made 84 runs in five innings. See [3].
^ Harte (1993), p 360.
^ Harte (1993), p 352.
^ O'Reilly (1985), pp 144–145.
^ ^a ^b Williams (1996), p 148.
^ Harte (1993), p 369.
^ Cricinfo.com: Clarrie Grimmett player profile. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Wisden, 1938 edition: 3rd Test Australia v England, match report. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Rediff.com: The top 10 Test innings of all time. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Wisden, 1938 edition: 5th Test Australia v England, match report. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Wisden, 1939 edition: The Australian team in England 1938. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ 334notout.com: 37th Ashes series report. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bradman (1950), pp 115–118.
^ Wisden, 1939 edition: 4th Test England v Australia, match report. Accessed 8 August 2007.
^ Wisden, 1939 edition: 5th Test England v Australia, match report. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Cricinfo.com: Largest margin of victory. Accessed on 8 August 2007.
^ ABC Radio: The Sports Factor, 4 October 2002 (transcript). Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Cricinfo.com: Hundreds in consecutive innings. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Dunstan (1988), p 172.
^ Coleman (1993) pp 425–426
^ Bradman (1950), p 120.
^ Harte (1993), pp 382–383
^ Page (1983), p 266–267.
^ Eason (2004), p 61.
^ Bradman (1950), p 122.
^ The Bulletin: Saint Don's Cross. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Harte (1992), pp 392–393.
^ Page (1983), pp 271–272.
^ Bradman (1950), p 125.
^ Eason (2004), p 337.
^ Bradman (1950), p 126.
^ Wisden, 1948 edition: 1st Test Australia v England match report. Accessed 8 August 2007.
^ Whitington (1974), p 190.
^ Fingleton (1949), p 22.
^ Bradman (1950), p 139.
^ Cricinfo.com: Bradman and the Indian connection. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Cricinfo.com: Benaud rates Ponting's team alongside the Invincibles. Accessed 15 September 2007.
^ Quoted by Page (1983), p 312.
^ Bradman (1950), p 152.
^ Robinson (1981), p 153.
^ Perry (1995), p 569.
^ Williams (1996), p 251.
^ Cricinfo.com: Warne unveils painting at Lord's. Accessed 15September 2007.
^ Williams (1996), p 271.
^ Eason (2004), p 15.
^ Harte (1993), p 658. Apart from two years in the early 1950s.
^ Cashman (1996), p 58.
^ Cricinfo.com: Background: The 1960–61 West Indies tour of Australia. Accessed 15 September 2007.
^ Cricket Australia: History. Accessed 22 August 2007.
^ Page (1983), pp 350–355.
^ Harte (1993), p 587.
^ Haigh (1993), p 106.
^ The Bulletin: Tight flows the Don
^ Gideon Haigh: Our Don Bradman
^ Frith (2002), p 427.
^ Williams (1996), p 274.
^ Eason (2004), p 16.
^ Eason (2004), p 65.
^ Frith (2002), p 429.
^ Williams (1996), pp 78–79.
^ Eason (2004), p 55.
^ Eason (2004), p 56.
^ Wallace, (2004), Chapter 6.
^ Eason (2004), p 57.
^ Time Magazine: Farewell to the Don. Accessed 13 September 2007
^ Bradman (1950), p 20.
^ Eason (2004), p 88.
^ Robinson (1981), p 139.
^ Bradman (1950), p 74.
^ Fingleton (1949), pp 209–2111.
^ Eason (2004), p.184
^ IMDB: Bodyline (1984). Accessed 13 September 2007.
^ Kelly, Paul. Bradman.
^ Dimensions transcript of interview with Kamahl. ABC.
^ ABC Online Forum
^ Corporations Amendment Regulations 2000 (No 8).
^ Corporations Regulations 2001.
^ Cricinfo.com: Highest frequency of hundreds and fiver-fors. Accessed 13 September 2007.

Robert Graeme Pollock (born February 27, 1944, Durban, Natal) is one of South Africas most famous cricketers. ... Categories: Stub | West Indian cricketers | Jamaica cricketers | West Indian test cricketers | West Indian batsmen | Wisden Cricketers of the Year ... Walter Albert Lindrum (29th August 1898 â€“ 30 July 1960) was an Australian world champion professional billiards player. ...

References

Bradman, Don (1950): Farewell to Cricket, 1988 Pavilion Library reprint. ISBN 1 85145 225 7.

Cashman, Richard et al. – editors (1996): The Oxford Companion to Australian Cricket, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0 19 553575 8.

Coleman, Robert (1993): Seasons In the Sun: the Story of the Victorian Cricket Association, Hargreen Publishing Company. ISBN 0 949905 59 3.

Davis, Charles (2000): The Best Of the Best: A New Look at the Great Cricketers and Changing Times, ABC Books. ISBN 0 733308 99 6.

Dunstan, Keith (1988, rev. ed.): The Paddock That Grew, Hutchinson Australia. ISBN 0 09 169170 2.

Eason, Alan (2004): The A-Z of Bradman, ABC Books. ISBN 0 7333 1517 8.

Fingelton, Jack (1949): Brightly Fades the Don, 1985 Pavilion Library reprint. ISBN 0 907516 69 6.

Frith, David (2002): Bodyline Autopsy, ABC Books. ISBN 0 7333 1321 3.

Harte, Chris (1993): A History of Australian Cricket, Andre Deutsch. ISBN 0 233 98825 4.

Haigh, Gideon (1993): The Cricket War – the Inside Story of Kerry Packer's World Series Cricket, Text Publishing Company. ISBN 1 86372 027 8.

O'Reilly (1985): Tiger – 60 Years of Cricket, William Collins. ISBN 0 00 217477 4.

McGilvray, Alan & Tasker, Norman (1985): The Game Is Not the Same, ABC Books. ISBN 9 780642 527387.

Page, Michael (1983): Bradman – The Illustrated Biography, Macmillan Australia. ISBN 0 333 35619 5.

Perry, Roland (1995): The Don – A Biography of Sir Donald Bradman, Macmillan. ISBN 0 73290827 2.

Robinson, Ray (1981 rev. ed.): On Top Down Under, Cassell Australia. ISBN 0 7269 7281 5.

Rosenwater, Irving (1978): Sir Donald Bradman – A Biography, Batsford. ISBN 0 71 340664 X.

Wallace, Christine (2004): The Private Don, Allen & Unwin. ISBN 9 78174175 1581.

Whitington, RS (1974): The Book of Australian Test Cricket 1877–1974, Wren Publishing. ISBN 0 85885 197 0.

Williams, Charles (1996): Bradman: An Australian Hero, 2001 Abacus reprint. ISBN 0 3491 1475 7.

Wisden Cricketers Almanack: various editions, accessed at http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/

External links

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Contents

Youth and early career GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");