 Donald Duart Maclean Donald Duart Maclean (25 May 1913 – 6 March 1983) was a career British diplomat turned Soviet intelligence agent. Maclean was one of the Cambridge Five, members of MI5, MI6 or the diplomatic service who acted as spies for the Soviet Union in the Second World War. His actions are widely thought to have contributed to the 1948 Soviet blockade of Berlin and the onset of the Korean War. As a reward for his espionage activities, Maclean was brevetted a colonel in the Soviet KGB. Image File history File links Maclean. ...
May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ...
1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...
March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ...
1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This page is about negotiations; for the board game, see Diplomacy (game). ...
The Cambridge Five (also sometimes known as the Cambridge Four) was a ring of British spies who passed information to the Soviet Union during World War II and into the early 1950s. ...
Current MI5 headquarters in Thames House, London The Security Service, usually called MI5, is the British counter-intelligence and security agency. ...
The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), more commonly known as MI6 (originally Military Intelligence Section 6), or the Secret Service, is the United Kingdom external security agency. ...
Spy and secret agent redirect here; for alternate use, see Spy (disambiguation) and Secret agent (disambiguation). ...
Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...
The KGB emblem and motto: The sword and the shield KGB (transliteration of КГБ) is the Russian-language abbreviation for Committee for State Security, (Russian: ; Komitet Gosudarstvennoj Bezopasnosti). ...
Educated at Gresham's School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, he was the son of the Liberal politician Sir Donald Maclean, who was Leader of the parliamentary Opposition in the years following the First World War. Gresham’s School is an independent, fully co-educational HMC boarding school set in the beautiful town of Holt in the North Norfolk countryside. ...
Full name College of Scholars of the Holy Trinity of Norwich Motto - Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names - Established 1350 Sister College(s) University College All Souls College Master Prof. ...
This article is about the historic Liberal Party. ...
Sir Donald Maclean (January 9, 1864 – June 15, 1932). ...
Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...
Childhood and School
Born in London, Donald Duart Maclean was the son of Sir Donald Maclean and Gwendolen, Lady Maclean. His father was Leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Commons and Leader of the Opposition from 1918 to 1920. Maclean's parents had houses in London (later in Buckinghamshire) as well as in the Scottish Borders, where his father represented a constituency, but the family lived mostly in and around London. Like his father, Maclean was more English than Scottish. He grew up in a very political household, in which world affairs were constantly discussed. Image File history File links Grasshopper-crest. ...
Image File history File links Grasshopper-crest. ...
Gresham’s School is an independent, fully co-educational HMC boarding school set in the beautiful town of Holt in the North Norfolk countryside. ...
London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ...
Sir Donald Maclean (January 9, 1864 – June 15, 1932). ...
1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...
1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ...
London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ...
Map of Bucks (1904) This article is about the English county. ...
London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ...
At the age of thirteen, Maclean was sent as a boarder to Gresham's School in Norfolk, where he remained from 1926 until 1931, when he was eighteen. At Gresham's, some of his contemporaries were Lord Simon of Glaisdale, James Klugmann (1912-1977), Roger Simon (1913-2002), and the scientist Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin. Gresham’s School is an independent, fully co-educational HMC boarding school set in the beautiful town of Holt in the North Norfolk countryside. ...
Norfolk (pronounced IPA: ) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ...
Jocelyn Edward Salis Simon, Baron Simon of Glaisdale, KC , DL , PC (15 January 1911 – 7 May 2006) was as a Law Lord in the United Kingdom, having been, by turns, a barrister, a commissioned officer in the British Army, a barrister again, a politician, a government minister, and a judge. ...
James Klugmann (1912-1977) was a leading British Communist writer who became the official historian of the Communist Party of Great Britain // Education Greshams Cambridge Educated at Greshams School and Cambridge University (at both of which he was a friend and contemporary of the spy Donald Maclean), Klugmann...
Roger Simon, second Baron Simon of Wythenshawe (born 16 October 1913, died 14 October 2002, was a solicitor and left wing journalist and political activist. ...
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin photo: taken 1963 Nobel prize photo Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, OM, KBE, FRS (February 5, 1914 – December 20, 1998) was a British physiologist and biophysicist, who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with Andrew Fielding Huxley on the basis of nerve...
Gresham's was then looked on as both liberal and progressive. It had already produced Tom Wintringham (1898-1949) a Marxist military historian, journalist, and author. James Klugmann and Roger Simon both went with Maclean to Cambridge and joined the Communist Party at around the same time. Klugmann became the official historian of the British Communist Party, while Simon was later a very left-wing Labour peer. Thomas Henry (Tom) Wintringham (1898-1949) was a British soldier, military historian, journalist, poet, Marxist, politician and author. ...
James Klugmann (1912-1977) was a leading British Communist writer who became the official historian of the Communist Party of Great Britain // Education Greshams Cambridge Educated at Greshams School and Cambridge University (at both of which he was a friend and contemporary of the spy Donald Maclean), Klugmann...
Roger Simon, second Baron Simon of Wythenshawe (born 16 October 1913, died 14 October 2002, was a solicitor and left wing journalist and political activist. ...
The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. ...
When Maclean was sixteen, his father was elected for a constituency in Cornwall, and he spent some time there in school holidays. Cornish Flag Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is a county in South West England on the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar. ...
Cambridge From Gresham's, Maclean won a place at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, arriving in 1931 to study modern languages. While there, he joined the Communist Party. In his second year at Cambridge, his father died, and in his last year he was recruited into Soviet intelligence by Anthony Blunt, ultimately becoming one of the Cambridge Five. Download high resolution version (1181x1483, 116 KB)Cambridge University Shield - embossed. ...
Download high resolution version (1181x1483, 116 KB)Cambridge University Shield - embossed. ...
Gresham’s School is an independent, fully co-educational HMC boarding school set in the beautiful town of Holt in the North Norfolk countryside. ...
Full name College of Scholars of the Holy Trinity of Norwich Motto - Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names - Established 1350 Sister College(s) University College All Souls College Master Prof. ...
A modern language is any human language that is used by societies in the world today. ...
In modern usage, a communist party is a political party which promotes communism, the sociopolitical ideology based on Marxism. ...
Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983) was an English art historian and the Fourth Man of the Cambridge Five, a group of spies working for the Soviet Union during the Cold War. ...
The Cambridge Five (also sometimes known as the Cambridge Four) was a ring of British spies who passed information to the Soviet Union during World War II and into the early 1950s. ...
All of the Cambridge Five came from privileged backgrounds, and two of the others, Guy Burgess and Anthony Blunt, were known to be homosexuals. It is sometimes stated that MacLean was, too, and Guy Burgess claimed to have seduced him, but it seems more likely that he was a bisexual. Guy Francis De Moncy Burgess (16 April 1911 – 30 August 1963) was a British-born intelligence officer and double agent who worked for the Soviet Union and was part of the Cambridge Five spy ring that betrayed allied secrets to the Soviets before and during the Cold War. ...
Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983) was an English art historian and the Fourth Man of the Cambridge Five, a group of spies working for the Soviet Union during the Cold War. ...
The word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings over time. ...
Guy Francis De Moncy Burgess (16 April 1911 – 30 August 1963) was a British-born intelligence officer and double agent who worked for the Soviet Union and was part of the Cambridge Five spy ring that betrayed allied secrets to the Soviets before and during the Cold War. ...
Bisexual redirects here. ...
London and Paris In 1934, Maclean passed the Civil Service examination and started work at the Foreign Office in London. While there, he was under the operational control of GPU Rezident, Anatoli Gorsky. Gorsky used Vladimir Borisovich Barkovsky as the case officer for Maclean, himself an engineer capable of dealing with technical details. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Whitehall, seen from St. ...
Soviet poster of the 1920s: The GPU strikes on the head the counter-revolutionary saboteur State Political Administration was the secret police of the RSFSR and USSR until 1934. ...
Anatoly Gorsky London Rezident 1940-1944 Wash, D.C. Rezident 1944-46 Anatoly Veniaminovich Gorsky, or Anatoly Gromov as he was known in the United States, was born about 1907. ...
Maclean was later posted to the British Embassy in Paris, where he was when the Second World War broke out. In 1940 he married the American-born Melinda Marling in Paris shortly before the Germans captured the city. They escaped to the coast and got back to England on board a Royal Navy warship. City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Département Paris (75) Région Île-de-France Mayor Bertrand Delanoë (PS) City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 86. ...
Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...
The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the senior service of the British armed services, being the oldest of its three branches. ...
Maclean continued to report to Moscow from London and signaled on 16 September 1941 that a uranium bomb might be constructed within two years through the efforts of Imperial Chemical Industries with the support of the British government. The project to build a uranium bomb was code-named Tube Alloys, sometimes shortened to Tube. Maclean sent Moscow a sixty-page report with the official minutes of the British Cabinet Committee on the Uranium Bomb Project. [1] For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...
September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ...
For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ...
Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) is a British chemical company, based in London. ...
// Tube Alloys was the code-name for the British nuclear weapon programme during World War II, when the very possibility of nuclear weapons was kept at such a high level of secrecy that it had to be referred to by code even in the highest circles of government. ...
Washington He was transferred to Washington, where he served from 1944 to 1948, as Secretary at the British Embassy and, later, Secretary of the Combined Policy Committee on Atomic Development. For the Soviets, this was his most fruitful period, and he was Stalin's main source of information about communications and policy development between Churchill and Roosevelt, and then between Churchill or Clement Attlee and Harry S. Truman. 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ...
1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ...
Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; see Other names section) (December 21, 1879[1] – March 5, 1953) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union. ...
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC(Can) (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was an English statesman and author, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. ...
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), often referred to as FDR, was the 32nd (1933–1945) President of the United States. ...
Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, FRS, PC (3 January 1883–8 October 1967) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1945 to 1951. ...
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the thirty-third President of the United States (1945–1953); as Vice-President, he succeeded to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ...
Although Maclean did not transmit technical data on the atom bomb, he reported on its development and progress, particularly the amount of uranium available to the United States. As the British representative on the American-British-Canadian council on the sharing of atomic secrets, he was able to provide the Soviet Union with minutes of Cabinet meetings. This knowledge alone gave the Soviet scientists the ability to predict the number of bombs that could be built by the Americans. Coupled with the efforts of Alan Nunn May and Klaus Fuchs, who provided scientific information, Maclean's reports to his KGB controller helped the Soviets not only to build their own atomic bomb, but also to estimate their nuclear arsenal's relative strength against that of the United States. The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18 km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. ...
Alan Nunn May (May 2, 1911 — January 12, 2003) was a British atomic scientist and a spy who supplied secrets of British and American atomic bomb research to the Soviets during the Manhattan project. ...
Klaus Fuchs ID badge photo from Los Alamos. ...
The KGB emblem and motto: The sword and the shield KGB (transliteration of КГБ) is the Russian-language abbreviation for Committee for State Security, (Russian: ; Komitet Gosudarstvennoj Bezopasnosti). ...
Armed with this information, Stalin was able to conclude that the United States did not possess a sufficiently large stock of atomic weapons or bomb production capacity to attack the Soviet Union or its allies in either Europe or the Pacific in the near future. This knowledge played a central role in Stalin's decision to institute a blockade of Berlin in 1948, as well as his decision to extensively arm and train Kim Il Sung's North Korean army for a offensive war (a conflict that would later claim the lives of over 30,000 U.S. and Allied troops). Kim Il-sung (April 15, 1912–July 8, 1994) was a Korean Communist politician and the ruler of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (North Korea) from 1948 until his death. ...
Exposure In 1941 Maclean was tentatively identified by Walter Krivitsky, a Soviet defector, who is rumored to have been assassinated by Soviet agents in the Bellevue Hotel in Washington D.C.. It was said that Krivitsky had claimed there was a mole in British intelligence who was "a Scotsman of good family, educated at Eton and Oxford (sic), and an idealist who worked for the Russians without payment." Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United...
Scotsman may mean: a man from Scotland, in common parlance (Scotswoman is the equivalent for a woman) The largest bronze statue of a Scotsman is located in Clinton, South Carolina at Presbyterian College, home of the Bluehose. ...
His continual monitoring of secret messages between Truman and Churchill allowed Stalin to know how the Americans and the British proposed to occupy Germany and carve up the borders of Eastern European countries. Stalin was forearmed with this information not only at the Yalta Conference, but at the Potsdam and Tehran Conferences as well. The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference, was the wartime meeting from February 4 to 11, 1945 between the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. ...
Potsdam is the capital city of the state of Brandenburg in Germany. ...
Tehran (IPA: ; Persian: تهران, also transliterated as Teheran or TehrÄn), population 7,160,094 (metropolitan: 14,000,000[citation needed]), and a land area of 658 square kilometers, is the capital city of Iran and the center of Tehran Province. ...
Maclean reported to Moscow that the goal of the Marshall Plan was to ensure American economic domination in Europe. The new international economic organization to restore European productivity would be under the control of American financial capital. The message revealed the Marshall Plan was intended to be a substitute for the payment of reparations by Germany. At that time the Soviet Union had no export earnings, war reparations were the sole source of foreign capital to rebuild the war torn Soviet economy. Yalta and Potsdam agreements allowed German reparations in the form of equipment, manufacturing machinery, cars, trucks, and building supplies to be sent to Russia for five years. The flow of goods was unregulated by international control, and could be used for whatever purposes the Soviets chose. Six months after the Marshall Plan was rejected by the Soviet Union, multiparty rule in Eastern Europe ended. Map of Cold-War era Europe showing countries that received Marshall Plan aid. ...
Reparations refers to two distinct ideas: Reparations for slavery of groups or individuals War reparations: Payments from one country to another as compensation for starting a war under a peace treaty, such as those made by Germany to France under the Treaty of Versailles. ...
In 1948, Maclean was transferred to the British Embassy in Cairo. Undoubtedly, Maclean's information was significant in assisting Stalin in his strategy for the Cold War.
Detection and defection The story of the Burgess and Maclean defection, and the subsequent implication of Philby, is a fascinating one of code-breaking, detection, and discovery. In 1949, Robert Lamphere, FBI agent in charge of Russian espionage, along with cryptanalysts, discovered that between 1944 and 1946 a member of the British Embassy was sending messages to the KGB. The code name of this official was "Homer." By a process of elimination, a short list of three or four men was identified as possible Homers. One was Maclean. Harold Adrian Russell Kim Philby or H.A.R. Philby (1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988) was a high ranking member of British intelligence who led a lifelong career as a spy for the Soviet Union. ...
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...
Shortly after Lamphere's investigation began, Kim Philby was assigned to Washington, serving as Britain's CIA-FBI-NSA liaison. As such, he was privy to the decoding of the Russian material, and recognized that Maclean was very probably Homer. He confirmed this through his British KGB control. He was also aware that Lamphere and his colleagues had found that the encoded messages to the KGB had been sent from New York. Maclean had visited New York on a regular basis, ostensibly to visit his wife and children, who were living there with his in-laws. Harold Adrian Russell Kim Philby or H.A.R. Philby (1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988) was a high ranking member of British intelligence who led a lifelong career as a spy for the Soviet Union. ...
The pressure on Philby now began to grow. If Maclean was unmasked as a Soviet agent, then, were he to confess, the trail might lead to the other Cambridge spies. Philby, now in a very important position in his ability to provide information to the Soviets, might be implicated, if for no other reason than his association with Maclean at Cambridge. Concerned that Maclean would be positively identified, interrogated, and confess to MI5, Philby and Burgess concocted a scheme in which Guy Burgess would return to London (where Maclean was now the Foreign Service officer in charge of American affairs). Burgess would then warn Maclean of the impending unmasking. Burgess managed to receive three speeding citations in a single day. Current MI5 headquarters in Thames House, London The Security Service, usually called MI5, is the British counter-intelligence and security agency. ...
Guy Francis De Moncy Burgess (16 April 1911 – 30 August 1963) was a British-born intelligence officer and double agent who worked for the Soviet Union and was part of the Cambridge Five spy ring that betrayed allied secrets to the Soviets before and during the Cold War. ...
Before Burgess left, Philby was explicit in his instructions to Burgess. He was not to defect with Maclean.
The Philby-Burgess plan was for Burgess to visit Maclean in his Foreign Office quarters, give him a note identifying a place where the two could meet - it was assumed that Maclean, now under suspicion and denied sensitive documents, had a bugged office - and Burgess would explain the situation. They met clandestinely to discuss Maclean's imminent exposure and necessary defection to Russia. Yuri Modin, the controller at the time, made arrangements for Maclean's defection. Maclean was in an extremely nervous state, and reluctant to leave alone. Modin was willing to serve as his guide, but KGB Central demanded that Burgess escort Maclean behind the Iron Curtain. Yuri Modin (1922- present) was the KGB controller for the so called Cambridge Five, from 1944 to 1955, during which period Donald MacLean was said to have passed atomic secrets to the Soviets, and he later arranged the 1951 defections of Maclean and Guy Burgess. ...
Countries behind the Iron Curtain are shaded red. ...
In the meantime, MI5 had insisted that Maclean be questioned. They had decided that he would be confronted with the FBI and MI5 evidence on Monday, 28 May 1951. May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ...
1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...
On Maclean's birthday, the Friday before the Monday when he was to be interrogated, Burgess and Maclean fled to the coast, boarded a ship to France, and disappeared. Had Blunt learned of the impending questioning of Maclean, and warned Burgess that the time had come? Blunt never admitted to that, and it is possible that Burgess and Maclean had selected Friday to flee whatever the current circumstances. Both Modin and Philby assumed that Burgess would deliver Maclean to a handler, and that he would return. For some reason, the Russians insisted that Burgess accompany Maclean the entire way. Perhaps Burgess was no longer useful to the KGB as a spy, but too valuable to fall into the hands of MI5.
Life in the Soviet Union Maclean, unlike the self-indulgent Burgess, assimilated into the Soviet Union and became a respected citizen, learning Russian and serving as a specialist on the economic policy of the West and British foreign affairs. He worked for the Soviet Foreign Ministry and the Institute of World Economic and International Relations. Maclean was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and the Order of Combat. Image File history File links Hammer_and_sickle. ...
Image File history File links Hammer_and_sickle. ...
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was an Order (decoration) of the Soviet Union for accomplishments in labour and civil service. ...
While living in Moscow, he spoke up for Soviet dissidents, and gave money to the families of some of those imprisoned. His American-born wife, Melinda, joined him in Russia with their children, but they were divorced and she married Kim Philby in 1966. Later (?) she and the children returned to the United States. For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...
Maclean died of a heart attack in 1983, at the age of sixty-nine. He was cremated and some of his ashes were scattered on his parents' grave in the churchyard of Holy Trinity Church, Penn, Buckinghamshire, England. A myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, totally occluding the artery and preventing blood flow downstream. ...
Penn is the name of the following places: Penn, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom Penn, West Midlands United Kingdom Penn Lake Park, Pennsylvania, United States Penn Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States Penn is a common name used for the University of Pennsylvania Penn State is a common name used for The...
Map of Bucks (1904) This article is about the English county. ...
Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification - by Athelstan AD927 Area - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq mi - Water (%) Population...
Chronology - 1913 Born on May 25 in London
- 1926 to 1931 Attended Gresham's School in Norfolk
- 1931 to 1934 Read Modern Languages at Trinity Hall, Cambridge
- 1934 Started work at the Foreign Office
- 1940 Married Melinda Marling while working at the British Embassy in Paris shortly before evacuation.
- Relocated to Washington as Secretary in the British Embassy. It was here that he had access to details of the atomic bomb program, eventually becoming the Secretary for the Combined Policy Committee on Atomic Development.
- As the pressure of his double life began to mount, he started to drink heavily and became an alcoholic
- 1941 Identified by Walter Krivitsky, a Soviet defector
- 1948 Relocated to Cairo and promoted to Head of Chancery in the British Embassy
- After a drunken episode he was sent home to London to "recover" from his "nervous breakdown"
- 1950 Promoted to head the American Department in the Foreign Office. Here he had access to top secret information on the atomic development program
- 1951 Warned by Philby that he is under suspicion and will most likely be unmasked. Maclean and Burgess both defect to the Soviet Union
- 1956 They appear in Moscow, he is made a colonel of the KGB with a Moscow apartment and a dacha outside the city.
- 1963 Kim Philby defects to Soviet Union.
- 1983 Died of a heart attack in Moscow on 11 March.
- Cremated; his ashes were later returned to England.
- 1985 His ashes were taken to Dayton, Ohio by his son, Ronald, where Ronald's family now lives.
1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...
May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ...
London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ...
1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ...
Gresham’s School is an independent, fully co-educational HMC boarding school set in the beautiful town of Holt in the North Norfolk countryside. ...
Norfolk (pronounced IPA: ) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ...
1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ...
1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Full name College of Scholars of the Holy Trinity of Norwich Motto - Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names - Established 1350 Sister College(s) University College All Souls College Master Prof. ...
The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. ...
1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Whitehall, seen from St. ...
1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ...
City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Département Paris (75) Région Île-de-France Mayor Bertrand Delanoë (PS) City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 86. ...
Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United...
The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ...
1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ...
Cairos location in Egypt Coordinates: Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area - City 210 km² - Metro 1,492 km² Population - City (2005) 7,438,376 - Density 35,420/km² - Urban 10,834,495 - Metro 15,200,000 Time zone EET (UTC+2) EEST (UTC+3) Cairo (Arabic: ‎ translit: , transl. ...
London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ...
1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...
1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...
The KGB emblem and motto: The sword and the shield KGB (transliteration of КГБ) is the Russian-language abbreviation for Committee for State Security, (Russian: ; Komitet Gosudarstvennoj Bezopasnosti). ...
Dacha of Boris Pasternak in Peredelkino. ...
1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...
Harold Adrian Russell Kim Philby or H.A.R. Philby (1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988) was a high ranking member of British intelligence who led a lifelong career as a spy for the Soviet Union. ...
1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
March 11 is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (71st in Leap year). ...
Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification - by Athelstan AD927 Area - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK) 50,346 sq mi - Water (%) Population...
1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Nickname: Gem City Coordinates: Country State County United States Ohio Montgomery Founded Incorporated April 1, 1796 1805 Mayor Rhine L. McLin Area - City 146. ...
Honours The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was an Order (decoration) of the Soviet Union for accomplishments in labour and civil service. ...
See also The Cambridge Five (also sometimes known as the Cambridge Four) was a ring of British spies who passed information to the Soviet Union during World War II and into the early 1950s. ...
Harold Adrian Russell Kim Philby or H.A.R. Philby (1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988) was a high ranking member of British intelligence who led a lifelong career as a spy for the Soviet Union. ...
Guy Francis De Moncy Burgess (16 April 1911 – 30 August 1963) was a British-born intelligence officer and double agent who worked for the Soviet Union and was part of the Cambridge Five spy ring that betrayed allied secrets to the Soviets before and during the Cold War. ...
Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983) was an English art historian and the Fourth Man of the Cambridge Five, a group of spies working for the Soviet Union during the Cold War. ...
James Klugmann (1912-1977) was a leading British Communist writer who became the official historian of the Communist Party of Great Britain // Education Greshams Cambridge Educated at Greshams School and Cambridge University (at both of which he was a friend and contemporary of the spy Donald Maclean), Klugmann...
John Cairncross (July 25, 1913 – October 8, 1995) was a British intelligence officer during World War II who, along with four other men (Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess and Anthony Blunt) passed secrets to the Soviet Union during the war. ...
Note - 1 KGB Archives File number 13676, vol. 1.
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