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The Dong language (own name: leec Gaeml) is a Tai-Kadai (or Zhuang-Dong) language spoken by the Dong people of China. It has been traditionally written in Chinese characters. A new spelling based on the Latin alphabet was developed in 1958, but it is not used very much, due to a lack of printed material and trained teachers. The Tai-Kadai languages are a language family found in Southeast Asia and southern China. ...
Dong Minority Bridge, Chenyang, Guangxi, China. ...
æ¼¢å— hà nzì, hanja, kanji… in Traditional Chinese and other languages. ...
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...
Ethnologue distinguishes two Dong dialects as separate but very closely related "languages" with the codes doc and kmc.[1] A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area. ...
Phonology and orthography
Initials Dong has 32 syllable-initial consonants; seven of them (ʧ-, ʧʰ-, ʃ-, ɻ-, f-, ʦ- and ʦʰ-) only occur in recent loanwords from Chinese. This article discusses the unit of speech. ...
Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-20, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...
| IPA | Gaeml | IPA | Gaeml | IPA | Gaeml | IPA | Gaeml | IPA | Gaeml | | p | b | t | d | ʨ | j | k | g | ʧ | zh | | pʰ | p | tʰ | t | ʨʰ | q | kʰ | k | ʧʰ | ch | | m | m | n | n | nʲ | ny | ŋ | ng | ʃ | sh | | w | w | l | l | ɕ | x | h | h | ɻ | r | | p | bi | s | s | j | y | kʷ | gu | f | f | | pʰʲ | pi | lʲ | li | | | kʷʰ | ku | ʦ | z | | | | | | | ŋʷ | ngu | ʦʰ | c | The International Phonetic Alphabet. ...
Finals Dong has 64 syllable finals; 14 of them occur only in Chinese loans and are not listed in the table below. | IPA | Gaeml | IPA | Gaeml | IPA | Gaeml | IPA | Gaeml | IPA | Gaeml | IPA | Gaeml | IPA | Gaeml | | a | a | | | ə | e | e | ee | i | i | o | o | u | u/uu | | aɪ | ai | | | əɪ | ei | | | | | oɪ | oi | uɪ | ui | | aʊ | ao | | | | | eʊ | eeu | iʊ | iu | oʊ | ou | | | | am | am | ɐm | aem | əm | em | em | eem | im | im | om | om | um | um | | an | an | ɐn | aen | ən | en | en | eem | in | in | on | on | un | un | | aŋ | ang | ɐŋ | aeng | əŋ | eng | eŋ | eeng | iŋ | ing | oŋ | ong | uŋ | ung | | ap | ab | ɐp | ab | əp | eb | ep | eb | ip | ib | op | ob | up | ub | | at | ad | ɐt | ad | ət | ad | et | ed | it | id | ot | od | | | | ak | ag | ɐk | ag | ək | eg | ek | eg | ik | ig | ok | og | uk | ug | The phonetic value of the vowel in the finals spelled -ab, -ad and -ag, is [ɐ] in syllables that have the tones -l, -p and -c (see table below); in syllables with tones -s, -t and -x, it is [a]. The phonetic value of the vowel in the finals spelled -eb, -ed and -eg, is [ə] in syllables that have the tones -l, -p and -c; in syllables with tones -s, -t and -x, it is [e]. Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-18, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...
Tones Dong is a tonal language. Open syllables can occur in one of nine different tones, checked syllables in six tones, so that some linguists speak of thirteen different tones. In the official spelling, the tones are marked by consonants attached to the end of each syllable. Tone refers to the use of pitch in language to distinguish words. ...
| tone contour | 55 | 35 | 11 | 323 | 13 | 31 | 53 | 453 | 33 | | Gaeml | -l | -p | -c | -s | -t | -x | -v | -k | -h | | example - open syllable | bal | pap | bac | bas | qat | miax | bav | pak | bah | | translation | fish | grey | rake | aunt | light | knife | leaf | destroy | chaff | | example - checked syllable | bedl | sedp | medc | bads | pads | bagx | | | | | translation | duck | seven | ant | can? | blood | white | | | |
Reference - Ōu Hēngyuán 欧亨元: Cic deenx Gaeml Gax / Dòng-Hàn cídiǎn 侗汉词典 (Dong-Chinese dictionary; Běijīng 北京, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 2004), ISBN 7-105-06287-8.
External links - Zhèng Guóqiáo 郑国乔: Dòngyǔ jiǎngzuò 侗语讲座 (Lectures on the Dong language; in Chinese; pages are not correctly displayed in Mozilla)
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