NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Doping at the Tour de France

There have been allegations of doping in the Tour de France since 1903 . Early Tour riders consumed alcohol and used ether, among other substances, as a means of dulling the pain of competing in endurance cycling. ^[1] Riders began using substances as a means of increasing performance rather than dulling the senses, and organizing bodies such as the Tour and the International Cycling Union (UCI), as well as government bodies, enacted policies to combat the practice. The Tour de France is the worlds best-known cycling race, a three-week long road race that covers a circuit of most areas around France and, sometimes, neighbouring countries. ... Grain alcohol redirects here. ... This article is about the chemical compound. ... Entrance of UCI headquarter at Aigle (Switzerland) Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) is a professional cycling union that oversees cycling events in the international community. ...

History

One of the first doping scandals occurred on July 13, 1967. British cyclist Tom Simpson died climbing Mont Ventoux following use of amphetamines. The amphetamines allowed Simpson to pass his level of endurance and succumb to excessive exhaustion.^[2] This occurred before official anti-doping tests, which promptly started the following year.^[3] is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Tom Simpson (30 November 1937 - 13 July 1967) was a top English road racing cyclist of the 1960s who died of exhaustion on the slopes of Mont Ventoux during the 13th stage of the Tour de France. ... Mont Ventoux is a mountain in the Provence region of southern France, located some 20 km north-east of Carpentras, Vaucluse. ... Amphetamine or Amfetamine (Alpha-Methyl-PHenEThylAMINE), also known as, beta-phenyl-isopropylamine, and benzedrine, is a prescription stimulant commonly used to treat Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and children. ...

Team Telekom scandal

On May 25, 2007, Danish rider Bjarne Riis from the former Team Telekom announced that he had used doping and EPO from 1993 to 1998, including 1996 when he won the Tour. Bjarne Riis announced this at a press meeting the day after several former team members of his, including Erik Zabel and Brian Holm had admitted to using doping during the 1990s. is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Bjarne LykkegÃ¥rd Riis (born April 3, 1964), nicknamed the Eagle from Herning (Danish: Ã˜rnen fra Herning), is a Danish former professional road bicycle racer who won the 1996 Tour de France, and is now the team owner and manager of Danish UCI ProTour outfit Team CSC. Other career highlights... Jan Ullrich leading the T-Mobile team in the team time trial stage of the 2004 Tour de France T-Mobile Team is an international professional road bicycle racing team. ... Erythropoietin (IPA pronunciation: , alternative pronunciations: ) or EPO is a glycoprotein hormone that is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Erik Zabel (born July 7, 1970 in Berlin) is a German professional road bicycle racer for UCI ProTour Team Milram. ... Brian Holm was born 2 October 1962 in Copenhagen, Denmark. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ...

Festina scandal

The 1998 Tour de France, dubbed the "Tour of Shame", was the most scandal-ridden modern Tour before the events of 2007. On July 8, 1998, a major scandal erupted after French Customs arrested Willy Voet, one of the soigneurs for the Festina cycling team, for the possession of illegal prescription drugs, including narcotics, erythropoietin (EPO), growth hormones, testosterone, and amphetamines. Voet later described many common doping practices in his book, Massacre à la Chaîne^[4]. On July 23, 1998, French police raided several team's hotels and found doping products in the possession of the TVM team. As news of the police action spread among the riders during the seventeenth stage of the Tour, they staged a "sit-down strike". After mediation by Jean-Marie Leblanc, the Director of the Tour, police agreed to limit the most heavy-handed tactics and the riders agreed to continue. Many riders and teams had already abandoned the race and only 111 riders completed the stage. In a 2000 criminal trial, it became clear that the management and health officials of the Festina team had deliberately organized doping within the team. Richard Virenque, a top Festina rider, finally confessed at the trial after being ridiculed for maintaining that if he was doping he was somehow not consciously aware of it, "à l'insu de mon plein gré" (roughly: "without the knowledge of my own free will"). The 1998 Tour de France was marred by doping scandals throughout, starting with the arrest of Willy Voet a soigneur in the French Festina team. ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... A customs duty is a tariff or tax on the import or export of goods. ... Willy Voet is a sports physiotherapist who was involved in a high-profile doping scandal. ... Festina is a Spanish watch manufacturer. ... A prescription drug is a licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Erythropoietin (IPA pronunciation: , alternative pronunciations: ) or EPO is a glycoprotein hormone that is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. ... Growth hormone (GH or somatotropin) is a 191-amino acid, single chain polypeptide hormone which is synthesised, stored and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals. ... Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... TVM was a Dutch road bicycle racing team. ... Jean-Marie Leblanc (born July 27, 1944, Nueil-sur-Argent, France) is a retired professional road bicycle racer and general director of the Tour de France since 1989. ... Richard Virenque (born November 19, 1969 in Casablanca, Morocco) is a retired French professional bicyclist. ...

In the years following the Festina scandal, anti-doping measures were put into effect by race organizers and the UCI, including more frequent testing of riders and new tests for blood doping transfusions and EPO use. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was also created to help aid governments in anti-doping. Blood doping is the practice of illicitly boosting the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the circulation in order to enhance athletic performance. ... Donating blood Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. ... The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an independent foundation created through a collective initiative led by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). ...

Evidence of doping persisted and in 2004 a new wave of credible doping allegations came forth. In January, Philippe Gaumont, a rider with the Cofidis team, told investigators and the press that doping with steroids, human growth hormone, EPO, and amphetamines was endemic to the team. In June, British cyclist David Millar, also of Cofidis, and reigning time trial World Champion, was detained by French police. His apartment was searched and two used EPO syringes were found. Finally, Jesus Manzano, a Spanish rider then recently dismissed by the Kelme team, told Madrid sports newspaper AS in bitter tones and lurid detail how he had been forced by his former team to take banned substances and how they had taught him to evade detection. The Kelme team itself was ultimately a casualty of the disclosures, which Manzano judged to be “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.”^[5] Steroid skeleton of lanosterol. ... Growth hormone (GH or somatotropin) is a 191-amino acid, single chain polypeptide hormone which is synthesised, stored and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals. ... David Millar (born January 4, 1977 in Malta) is a Scottish road racing cyclist, currently racing for UCI ProTeam Saunier Duval-Prodir as a time-trial specialist. ... In many racing sports an athlete (or occasionally a team of athletes) will compete in a time trial against the clock to secure the fastest time. ... The UCI Road World Championships, often referred to as the World Cycling Championships, is the annual world championship for bicycle road racing organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). ... AS is a Spanish daily sports newspaper, concentrating particularly on football. ...

Lance Armstrong accusations

Doping controversy has surrounded seven-time Tour champion Lance Armstrong for some time, although there has never been evidence sufficient for him to be sanctioned by any sports authority. In part, the suspicion has arisen from his association with Italian physician Michele Ferrari, who has confessed to prescribing doping agents to athletes. There have been allegations by former assistant, Mike Anderson, that Armstrong used Androstenine. This resulted in a law suit against Anderson and a counter suit against Armstrong. ^[6] In late August 2005, one month after Lance Armstrong's seventh consecutive Tour victory, the French sports newspaper L'Équipe claimed to have uncovered evidence that Armstrong had used EPO in the 1999 Tour de France.^[7] The claim was based on testing of archived urine samples by the French National Laboratory for Doping Detection (LNDD) for research purposes. Armstrong denied using EPO, and the UCI did not sanction him because of the lack of a duplicate sample. The UCI has confirmed that it was its own lead doctor Mario Zorzoli who in fact leaked the 15 forms tying Armstrong to the positive tests to L'Équipe. In the same year, Armstrong tested positive for a glucocorticosteroid hormone. Armstrong explained he had used an external "cortisone" ointment in order to treat a saddle sore and produced a prescription for it. The amount detected was well below the "positive" threshold and was consistent with the amount that would be used for a topical skin cream, but UCI rules require that prescriptions be shown to sports authorities in advance of use. Image File history File links Armstrong_dope. ... Image File history File links Armstrong_dope. ... Lance Armstrong (born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971) is an American former professional road racing cyclist. ... Michele Ferrari. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... LEquipe logo LÃ‰quipe (French for the team) is a French nationwide daily newspaper devoted to sports. ... The 1999 Tour de France was the 86th Tour de France, taking place from July 3 to July 25, 2005. ... The Conseil de prÃ©vention et de lutte contre le dopage (French for council for the prevention and fight against doping) was created by law nÂº 99â€“223 of March 23, 1999 relating to the protection of the health of athletes and the fight against doping. ... Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. ...

Operacion Puerto investigation

In 2006, several riders, including Jan Ullrich and Ivan Basso, were barred from competing on the eve of the race amid allegations made by the Spanish police as a result of their Operacion Puerto investigation.^[8] Jan Ullrich (born December 2, 1973 in Rostock, East Germany, now Germany) is a retired German professional road bicycle racer. ... Ivan Basso (born November 26, 1977) is an Italian professional road bicycle racer, most recently with Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. ... The 2006 Tour de France was the 93rd Tour de France, taking place from July 1 to July 23, 2006. ... The OperaciÃ³n Puerto doping case (derived from OperaciÃ³n Puerto meaning Operation Mountain Pass[1]) was a scandal in which 200 athletes including a number of cyclists were accused of using prohibited doping practices to enhance their performance. ...

The Astana-WÃ¼rth cycling team is sponsored by the Astana group, named for the capitol of Kazakhstan and WÃ¼rth (a German assembly technology company) joined in 2004. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Alberto Contador Velasco (born 6 December 1982) is a professional road bicycle racer for UCI ProTeam Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Michele Scarponi (born September 25, 1979 in Jesi) is an Italian professional road bicycle racer contracted to UCI Professional Continental team Acqua & Sapone-CaffÃ¨ Mokambo. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Marcos Antonio Serrano RodrÃguez (born 8 September 1972) is a professional cyclist from Pontevedra, Spain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... David Etxebarria Alkorta (Abandino, July 23, 1973) is a Spanish professional cyclist. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Joseba Beloki Dorronsoro (born August 12, 1973 in Lazkao (GuipÃºzcoa), Basque region, Spain) is a professional road bicycle racer. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Isidro Nozal Vega (born 18 October 1977) is a Spanish professional road racing cyclist. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Tour de France 2005 JÃ¶rg Jaksche (born 23 July 1976 in FÃ¼rth) is a German road bicycle racer. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Riders from Team CSC in Danmark Rundt, August 2006. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Ivan Basso (born November 26, 1977) is an Italian professional road bicycle racer, most recently with Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. ... The Illes Balears team car, with Pinarello Opera bikes on top, with Campagnolo parts. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Saunier Duval-Prodir Team is a Spanish road bicycle racing team, which participate in the 2005 UCI ProTour. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Carlos ZÃ¡rate FernÃ¡ndez (born July 19, 1980 in Puertollano, Castile-La Mancha) is a Spanish professional road bicycle racer for UCI ProTeam Saunier Duval-Prodir. ... AG2R PrÃ©voyance (UCI Team Code: A2R) are a French cycling team which did not take part in the inaugural UCI ProTour 2005, having to make do with being invited to compete in French races, such as Paris-Nice, Paris-Roubaix or the Tour de France. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Francisco Mancebo (born March 9, 1976 in Madrid) is a Spanish pro cyclist for team Illes Balears. ... Presentation of the 2006 team in Mallorca. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Jan Ullrich (born December 2, 1973 in Rostock, East Germany, now Germany) is a retired German professional road bicycle racer. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Oscar Sevilla Ribera (born 29 September 1976, in Ossa de Montiel, Spain), nicknamed el niÃ±o, is a Spanish professional road bicycle racer. ... Team Phonak in a Team time trial event at the Giro del Mediterraneo. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... JosÃ© Enrique Gutierrez Cataluna (born June 18, 1974 in Valencia) is a Spanish professional road racing cyclist. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ...

Floyd Landis accusation

On July 27, 2006 the Phonak Cycling Team announced that Floyd Landis, the declared winner of the 2006 Tour, tested positive in a drug test given to him after Stage 17. He tested positive for an abnormally high ratio of the hormone testosterone to epitestosterone during Stage 17 of the race. On the same day the allegations were made public, Landis denied doping in order to win the 2006 Tour de France. ^[11] Landis' personal doctor later revealed the test had found a ratio of 11:1 in Landis' blood^{[citation needed]}; the permitted ratio is 4:1. On July 31, 2006 The New York Times reported that tests on Landis' sample reveal some synthetic testosterone. ^[12] Floyd Landis (born October 14, 1975) is an American cyclist. ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Floyd Landis (born October 14, 1975) is an American cyclist. ... Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. ... Epitestosterone is a natural steroid, an inactive isomer of the hormone testosterone. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. ...

2007 Tour

The 2007 Tour de France was similarly dogged by doping controversies from the start. On 18 July, two German television companies pulled out of coverage of the Tour ^[13] after it was announced that T-Mobile's German rider, Patrik Sinkewitz, had tested positive for testosterone on June 8 at a pre-Tour training camp. The 2007 Tour de France has been affected by a series of scandals and speculations related to doping. ... Stages in 2007 The 2007 Tour de France is the 94th Tour de France, taking place from July 7 to July 29, 2007. ... Presentation of the 2006 team in Mallorca. ... Patrik Sinkewitz (Fulda, October 20, 1980) is a professional German cyclist currently riding for the T-Mobile Team cycling team. ...

Italian rider Alessandro Petacchi tested positive for salbutamol during the 2007 Giro d'Italia and as a result was suspended by Team Milram and forced to miss the Tour de France.^[14] Petacchi was later cleared after the result was deemed "non-negative"^[15]. Alessandro Petacchi is a professional road cyclist born on January 3, 1974 in La Spezia, Italy. ... Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN) is a short-acting Î²2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and COPD. Salbutamol sulphate is usually given by the inhaled route for direct effect on bronchial smooth muscle. ... Overview of the stages The 2007 Giro dItalia cycle race takes place from May 12 until June 3, 2007. ... Team Milram is a professional cycling team participating in the 2006 edition of the UCI ProTour race series, taking over the ProTour licens of the Domina Vacanze team. ...

On 19 June it was revealed that the overall leader at the time, Michael Rasmussen, was under suspicion for missing two out-of-competion doping tests. The Danish rider had been dropped by the Danish Cycling Union and his Olympic place was under review^[16]. However Rasmussen had not committed an offence under UCI rules^[17] and initially the Dane remained in the race in the Maillot jaune. is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Michael Rasmussen (born June 1, 1974 in TÃ¸llÃ¸se) is a Danish professional road bicycle racer who rides for Dutch team Rabobank. ... DCU logo The Danish Cycling Federation or DCU (in Danish: Danmarks Cykle Union) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Denmark. ... Entrance of UCI headquarter at Aigle (Switzerland) Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) is a professional cycling union that oversees cycling events in the international community. ... Commercial version of maillot jaune, 2004 Maillot jaune (French for yellow jersey, pronounced my-oh zhohn) is the jersey worn by the current overall leader of many bicycle races, originally and most notably the Tour de France. ...

Then on 24 July it was revealed that pre-race favourite Alexandre Vinokourov had tested positive for blood doping after the previous Saturday's time trial in Albi which he won by more than a minute despite crashing heavily earlier in the Tour and sustaining a number of injuries ^[18] As a result the entire Astana Team voluntarily withdrew from the race. Vinokourov's teammates Andreas Klöden and Andrey Kashechkin were in 5th and 7th place overall at the time. He also tested positive for blood doping after winning Monday's stage 15. is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Alexander Vinokourov, also written Alexandre Vinokourov, (born 1973) is a Kazakh cyclist. ... Blood doping is the practice of illicitly boosting the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the circulation in order to enhance athletic performance. ... Albi is a town and commune in southern France. ... The Astana Team (UCI Team Code: AST), is a professional road bicycle racing team sponsored by the Astana group, a coalition of state-owned companies from Kazakhstan - including Air Astana - named after its capital. ... Andreas KlÃ¶den, (born 22 June 1975 in Mittweida, Germany), is a professional road bicycle racer for UCI ProTour T-Mobile Team. ... Andrey Kashechkin (Kazakh: ÐÐ½Ð´Ñ€ÐµÐ¹ ÐšÐ°ÑˆÐµÑ‡ÐºÐ¸Ð½, born March 21, 1980) is a Kazakhstani road racing cyclist currently riding for the Team Astana UCI ProTour outfit. ...

Following the Vinokourov announcement, Tour director Christian Prudhomme made a statement that professional cycling needed a "complete overhaul" to combat the problem of doping^[19]. Christian Prudhomme (born in France) is the general director of the Tour de France. ...

A day later, after convincingly winning the 16th stage on the Col d'Aubisque, it was alleged that Rasmussen had lied to his Rabobank team about his whereabouts in the month prior to the Tour and, for breaching team rules, he was removed from the race. On the same day, Team Cofidis pulled out following the positive test on their rider Cristian Moreni^[20]. Col dAubisque (el. ... The Rabobank team during the 2005 Rund um den Henninger Turm race. ... Cofidis is a French professional road bicycle racing team sponsored by the insurance company Cofidis. ... Cristian Moreni (born November 21, 1972 in Asola) is a Italian cyclist who rides for Cofidis, le CrÃ©dit par TÃ©lÃ©phone in the UCI ProTour. ...

Doping agents used

Many different doping agents have been used to enhance performance. Recently the most common used has been erythropoietin, or EPO. It is a red blood cell stimulating hormone that is virtually undetectable a few days after injection, while its effects last for several weeks. EPO doping is believed by many to be almost universal among Tour riders and the UCI has been criticized by WADA for not taking stronger action to detect EPO use. Scientific experts have cautioned that technical flaws in the current urine test for EPO may be resulting in false positive results.^[21] Erythropoietin (IPA pronunciation: , alternative pronunciations: ) or EPO is a glycoprotein hormone that is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. ... Type I errors (or Î± error, or false positive) and type II errors (Î² error, or a false negative) are two terms used to describe statistical errors. ...

Testing regime

After each stage, four riders are tested: the current overall leader, the day's stage winner, and two riders selected at random. In addition, every rider is tested before the start of the prologue stage. Most teams are tested in their entirety at some point during the three-week race. Additional testing may take place during the off-season, and riders are generally expected to keep their national cycling federation informed of their whereabouts so they can be located for random testing.

Status of Tour de France winners

Floyd Landis (born October 14, 1975) is an American cyclist. ... Lance Armstrong (born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971) is an American former professional road racing cyclist. ... The 1999 Tour de France was the 86th Tour de France, taking place from July 3 to July 25, 2005. ... Marco Pantani (January 13, 1970, Cesena â€“ February 14, 2004, Rimini) was an Italian cyclist widely regarded as being one of the best climbers of all times in professional road bicycle racing. ... Jan Ullrich (born December 2, 1973 in Rostock, East Germany, now Germany) is a retired German professional road bicycle racer. ... Bjarne LykkegÃ¥rd Riis (born April 3, 1964), nicknamed the Eagle from Herning (Danish: Ã˜rnen fra Herning), is a Danish former professional road bicycle racer who won the 1996 Tour de France, and is now the team owner and manager of Danish UCI ProTour outfit Team CSC. Other career highlights... Miguel Ãngel Indurain Larraya (born July 16, 1964, Villava, Navarre) is a retired Spanish road bicycle racer. ... Gregory James Greg LeMond (born June 26, 1961 in Lakewood, California) is a former professional road bicycle racer from the United States and a three time winner of the Tour de France. ... Pedro Delgado in Zaragoza at the 2004 Vuelta a EspaÃ±a Pedro Delgado Robledo (born 1960-04-15 in Segovia), also known as Perico, is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer. ... The 1988 Tour de France was the 75th Tour de France. ... Stephen Roche (Irish: StiofÃ¡n de RÃ³iste) was born November 28, 1959 in Dundrum near Dublin, Ireland and is a retired professional cyclist. ... Bernard Hinault (born 14 November 1954) is a French cyclist best known for his five victories in the Tour de France. ... Laurent Fignon (born August 12, 1960 in Paris) is a French cyclist, who won the Tour de France twice in 1983 and 1984, and missed winning it a third time, in 1989, by a very narrow margin. ... Gerardus Joseph (Joop) Zoetemelk is a Dutch cyclist. ... Bernard ThÃ©venet, born January 10, 1948, in Saint-Julien-de-Civry, France, is a retired bicycle racer. ... Lucien Van Impe (born 20 October 1946 in Mere, Belgium) was a Flemish cyclist from 1969 to 1987. ...

See also

The Tour de France is the worlds best-known cycling race, a three-week long road race that covers a circuit of most areas around France and, sometimes, neighbouring countries. ... In sports, doping refers to the use of performance-enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids, particularly those that are forbidden by the organizations that regulate competitions. ...

References

Tim Moore is a British travel writer and humorist. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is now the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Categories: Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Tour de France Image File history File links Wikinews-logo. ... Wikinews is a free-content news source and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... The Tour de France is the worlds best-known cycling race, a three-week long road race that covers a circuit of most areas around France and, sometimes, neighbouring countries. ... The 1903 Tour de France was the first Tour de France, set up and sponsored by the newspaper LAuto. ... The Tour de France 1904 was the second edition of the Tour de France, held from July 2 to July 24, 1904. ... The 1905 Tour de France was the third Tour de France, held from July 9th to July 30th, 1905. ... The 1906 Tour de France was the 4th Tour de France, and second to use the point system. ... The 1907 Tour de France was the 5th Tour de France and first to have a Luxembourg representative place in the top 10. ... 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The 1958 Tour de France was the 45th Tour de France, taking place June 26 to July 19, 1958. ... The 1959 Tour de France, occuring between June 25th and July 18th of the year, featured 120 riders, of which 65 finished. ... The 1960 Tour de France was the 47th Tour de France, taking place June 26 to July 17, 1960. ... The 1961 Tour de France was the 48th running of the Tour de France, from June 25 to July 16. ... The 1962 Tour de France was the 49th Tour de France, taking place June 24 to July 15, 1962. ... The 1963 Tour de France was the 50th Tour de France, taking place June 23 to July 14, 1963. ... The 1964 Tour de France was the 51st Tour de France, taking place June 22 to July 14, 1964. ... The 1965 Tour de France was memorable for a number of reasons. ... The 1966 Tour de France was the 53rd Tour de France, taking place June 21 to July 14, 1966. ... The 1967 Tour de France was the 54th Tour de France, taking place June 29 to July 23, 1967. ... The 1968 Tour de France was the 55th Tour de France, taking place June 27 to July 21, 1968. ... The 1969 Tour de France was the 56th Tour de France, taking place June 28 to July 20, 1969. ... The 1970 Tour de France was the 57th Tour de France, taking place June 27 to July 19, 1970. ... The 1971 Tour de France was the 49th Tour de France, taking place June 26 to July 18, 1971. ... The 1972 Tour de France was the 59th Tour de France, taking place July 1 to July 22, 1974. ... The 1973 Tour de France was the 60th Tour de France, taking place June 30 to July 22, 1974. ... The 1974 Tour de France was the 61st Tour de France, taking place June 27 to July 21, 1974. ... The 1975 Tour de France was the 62nd Tour de France, taking place June 26 to July 20, 1975. ... The 1976 Tour de France was the 63rd Tour de France, taking place June 24 to July 18, 1976. ... The 1977 Tour de France was the 64th Tour de France, taking place June 30 to July 24, 1977. ... The 1978 Tour de France was the 65th Tour de France, taking place June 29 to July 23, 1978. ... The 1979 Tour de France was the 66th Tour de France, taking place June 27 to July 22, 1979. ... The 1980 Tour de France was the 67th Tour de France. ... The 1981 Tour de France was the 68th Tour de France, taking place June 25 to July 19, 1981. ... The 1982 Tour de France was the 69th Tour de France, taking place July 2 to July 25, 1982. ... The 1983 Tour de France was the 70th Tour de France, and was won by French rider Laurent Fignon. ... At the 1984 Tour de France, the 71st Tour de France, French rider Laurent Fignon won his second consecutive Tour, beating teammate Bernard Hinault by over 10 minutes. ... The 1985 Tour de France saw Bernard Hinault attempt to equal the records of Jacques Anquetil and Eddy Merckx of winning the Tour de France for the fifth time. ... The 1986 Tour de France was the first Tour de France won by an American cyclist, Greg LeMond. ... The 1987 Tour de France was the 74th Tour de France, it took place July 1â€“26, 1987. ... The 1988 Tour de France was the 75th Tour de France. ... The 1989 Tour de France was the 76th Tour de France. ... The 1990 Tour de France was the 77th Tour de France. ... The 1991 Tour de France was the 78th Tour de France. ... The 1992 Tour de France was the 79th Tour de France. ... The 1993 Tour de France was the 80th Tour de France, taking place July 3 to July 27, 1993. ... The 1994 Tour de France was the 81st Tour de France and included two stages in England (twenty years after the tour first visited), Stage 4, Dover to Brighton and Stage 5, around Portsmouth. ... The 1995 Tour de France was the 82nd Tour de France. ... The 1996 Tour de France was the 83rd Tour de France, starting on June 29 and ending on July 21, featuring 19 regular stages, 2 individual time trials, a prologue and a rest day (July 10th). ... The 1997 Tour de France was the 84th Tour de France, it took place July 5â€“27, 1997. ... The 1998 Tour de France was marred by doping scandals throughout, starting with the arrest of Willy Voet a soigneur in the French Festina team. ... The 1999 Tour de France was the 86th Tour de France, taking place from July 3 to July 25, 2005. ... The 2000 Tour de France was won by Lance Armstrong. ... The Tour de France of 2001 was relatively short, but also difficult, with a number of heavy mountain stages, a team time trial and a climbing time trial. ... The Tour de France of 2002 started in Luxembourg on July 6, 2002, and ended in Paris on July 28. ... The Tour de France of 2003 started and ended in Paris. ... The 91st Tour de France (July 3 - July 25, 2004). ... The 92nd Tour de France was held from July 2 to July 24, 2005. ... The 2006 Tour de France was the 93rd Tour de France, taking place from July 1 to July 23, 2006. ... Stages in 2007 The 2007 Tour de France is the 94th Tour de France, taking place from July 7 to July 29, 2007. ... The 2008 Tour de France is the 95th Tour de France, taking place from July 5 to July 27, 2008. ... Image File history File links Jersey_yellow. ... Commercial version of maillot jaune, 2004 The Yellow jersey (French: Maillot jaune pronounced ) is the jersey worn by the leader of many multi-stage bicycle races, originally and most notably the Tour de France. ... Image File history File links Jersey_green. ... The maillot vert (French for green jersey) is the jersey worn by the leader of the Tour de Frances points classification. ... Image File history File links Jersey_polkadot. ... The polka dot jersey (French: maillot à pois rouge) is awarded for the best climber during the mountain stages of the Tour de France cycle race. ... Image File history File links Jersey_white. ... The Maillot blanc (French for white jersey) is the jersey given to the best young rider in the Tour de France as determined by the best overall time. ... Image File history File links Jersey_red_number. ... The Combativity award is a prize given in the Tour de France. ... Image File history File links Jersey_red. ... The red jersey was awarded to the leader of the intermediate sprints classification in the Tour de France. ... Image File history File links Jersey_combined. ... The combination jersey is the jersey in the Tour de France that was worn by the leader of the combination classification. ...

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