'Doris Heyden (née Heydenreich) was a prominent scholar of Mexico’s ancient cultures. She was born in East Orange, New Jersey, somewhere around the time of the First World War. Her exact date of birth remains something of a secret. She died on September 25, 2005 from the lingering after effects of a stroke suffered in 1999. Map of East Orange in Essex County East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, USA. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 69,824. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other articles with similar names, see Stroke (disambiguation). ...

Heyden was a member of a group of artists, writers, folklorists, scholars, and political activists who together created the "Mexican Renaissance". The exponents of this post-Revolutionary circle drew upon Mexican history and traditions while contributing to a variety of international movements including realism, symbolism, surrealism and communism. Important members were mural painters Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros, feminist artist Frida Kahlo, Zapotec painter Rufino Tamayo, mystical painters Remedios Varo and Leonora Carrington, caricaturist Miguel Covarrubias, as well as photographer Manuel Alvarez Bravo). Realism is commonly defined as a concern for fact or reality and a rejection of the impractical and visionary. ... Surrealism[1] is a movement stating that the liberation of our mind, and subsequently the liberation of the individual self and society, can be achieved by exercising the imaginative faculties of the unconscious mind to the attainment of a dream-like state different from, or ultimately ‘truer’ than, everyday reality. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Salle des illustres, ceiling painting, by Jean André Rixens. ... Diego Rivera and his wife Frida Kahlo (photographer: Carl Van Vechten) Diego Rivera (December 8, 1886 – November 24, 1957), (full name Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez) was a Mexican painter and muralist. ... José Clemente Orozco. ... David Alfaro Siqueiros (December 29, 1896 - January 6, 1974) was a Mexican painter and muralist. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Zapotecs are an indigenous people of Mexico, concentrated in the state of Oaxaca but also with communities spread into some of the neighbouring states. ... Rufino Tamayo (August 26, 1899 – June 24, 1991) was a popular modern Mexican painter. ... Useless Science or the Alchemist, 1955 Remedios Varo Uranga (December 16, 1908 - October 8, 1963) was a surrealist painter. ... Leonora Carrington (born April 6, 1917 in Clayton Green, Lancashire, England - ) was a British-born Mexican novelist and surrealist painter. ... José Miguel Covarrubias (November 22, 1904 — February 4, 1957) Mexican painter and caricaturist. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ...

Early Life

Heyden claimed noble German and Austrian descent from a family with titles going back to 1312. She spent a happy and prosperous childhood in Maplewood, New Jersey and Glencoe, Illinois with access to New York City and Chicago. Her early life was illuminated by art, music, and books. She began writing and publishing at about age ten, at first concentrating on poetry and mysteries, and then contributing to Newark, New Jersey newspapers around age thirteen. Doris started painting even earlier, when she was five years old. Although she never became a great artist, she made her mark in another field. Map of Maplewood Township in Essex County Maplewood is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. ... Incorporated Village in 1869. ... Nickname: Big Apple, City that never Sleeps Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... Nickname: The Windy City, The Second City, Chi Town Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in Chicagoland and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois County Cook Incorporated March 4, 1837 Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area    - City 606. ... The Bath, a painting by Mary Cassatt (1891-1892). ... Music is a form of art and entertainment or other human activity that involves organized and audible sounds and silence. ... The Chinese poem Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong (Song Dynasty) Poetry (from the Greek , poiesis, making or creating) is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning. ... Nickname: The Brick City Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates: ) °′40. ... Look up artist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Education

Doris studied art history and design at New York City’s Pratt Institute, wining Senior Honors in 1936. After graduation she did illustrations for Mademoiselle magazine. It was in New York City that she became fascinated with the drawings of José Clemente Orozco and Mexican art in general. During the mid 1940s she traveled to Mexico. A friend gave her the name of a Mexican photographer. That man was Manuel Alvarez Bravo, arguably Mexico’s greatest modernist photographer. Heyden and Alvarez Bravo married and had a son and daughter together. Mexico was Heyden’s home for the rest of her life. This article is about the academic discipline of art history. ... Pratt Institute is a specialized, private college in New York City with campuses in Manhattan and Brooklyn. ...

Heyden began formal graduate studies at the Escuela de Antropología, part of UNAM, Mexico’s national university in 1956. She obtained her M.A. in 1969 and eventually acquired a doctorate there. The National Autonomous University of Mexico (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; abbreviation: UNAM) was founded in 1551, and is now the largest university in Latin America and it is considered the best University of this region based on the Beijing University and the London Times suplemments. ...

Carreer

Employed by INAH, Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History, as curator of the Teotihuacan hall at the National Museum of Anthropology, she produced well over a hundred articles, books, and translations, both scholarly and popular, on a variety of topics, but most importantly on ancient architecture, Aztec symbolism, pre-Columbian views of what we would call nature, the importance of caves to Mesomerican cosmology, and Indian cultural survivals. The National Institute of Anthropology and History (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH)) is a federal government bureau established in 1939 to guarantee the research, preservation, protection, and promotion of the prehistoric, archeological, anthropological, historical, and paleontological heritage of Mexico. ... Teotihuacan was the largest Pre-Columbian known city in the Americas, and the name Teotihuacan is used to refer to the civilization this city dominated, which at its greatest extent included most of Mesoamerica. ... this page sucks because there is no page. ... The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αρχιτεκτων, a master builder, from αρχι- chief, leader and τεκτων, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... The Aztecs were a Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people of central Mexico in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. ... Galunggung in 1982, showing a combination of natural events. ... // Cosmology, from the Greek: κοσμολογία (cosmologia, κόσμος (cosmos) order + λογια (logia) discourse) is the study of the Universe in its totality, and by extension, humanitys place in it. ...

Major works

Heyden was a contributing editor of the influential Handbook of Latin American Studies (1961-68). All her writings were solidly based on archaeological fieldwork in many regions of Mexico. She also studied folk art and ethnology. Research in the world’s great libraries and archives was another important aspect of her scholarship. This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Ethnology (greek ethnos: (non-greek, barbarian) people) is a genre of anthropological study, involving the systematic comparison of the folklore, beliefs and practices of different societies. ...

Until her death Doris Heyden maintained a welcoming house in Mexico City. Doris’ place became an anthropologists’ hang-out where international luminaries often gathered. (Spanish: Ciudad de México, México D.F. or simply México, pronounced IPA: ) is the capital city of the nation of Mexico. ...

The influence of Doris Heyden in the field of pre-Columbian studies is evident from the two co-ordinated volumes of essays that have been dedicated to her. The first, in Spanish, is Chalchihuite edited by María de Jesús Rodríguez-Shadow and Beatriz Barba de Piña Chan(1999). The second, in English, is the similarly titled In Chalchihuitl in quetzalli / Precious Greenstone Precious Guetzal Feather edited by Eloise Quiñones Keber (2000). The latter volume contains a wonderful interview of Doris.

Her works include:

• Pre-Columbian Architecture of Mesoamerica (1975, written with Paul Gendrop and published in Spanish the previous year)
• El Ciclo de vida del pilli y del macehual (1975, The Life Cycle of Noble and Commoner)
• Economía y religion de Teotihuacan (1977)
• La comunicación no verbal en el ritual (1979)
• The Great Temple and the Aztec Gods (1984, with Luis Francisco Villaseñor)
• Cuentos del Maíz (1985)
• Mitología y simbolismo de la flora en el México prehispánico (1983), Flora y Fauna en el México Prehispánico (1988; with Ana María Velasco)
• The Eagle, the Cactus, the Rock: The Roots of Mexico Tenochtitlan’s Foundation Myth and Symbol (1989; published in Spanish the year before)
• Historia de las Indias de Nueva-España y islas de Tierra Firma (1994), a translation of Father Diego Duran’s important sixteenth century account of Mexican religion and customs.