Doughnuts being glazed at a Krispy Kreme store in Sydney.

A doughnut, or donut, is a deep-fried piece of dough or batter. The two most common types are the torus-shaped ring doughnut, and the filled doughnut, a flattened sphere that's injected with jam/jelly, cream, or another sweet filling. A small piece of dough, roughly the size of the middle of a ring doughnut can be cooked as a doughnut hole. Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 1618 KB)Krispy Kreme doughnuts being made at the Krispy Kreme restaurant at Kingsford Smith Airport, Sydney, Australia. ... Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 1618 KB)Krispy Kreme doughnuts being made at the Krispy Kreme restaurant at Kingsford Smith Airport, Sydney, Australia. ... Krispy Kreme is a popular chain of doughnut stores. ... Wikibooks Cookbook has more about this subject: Deep frying Deep frying is a cooking method whereby food is submerged in hot oil or fat. ... Dough Dough is a paste made out of any cereals (grains) or leguminous crops by grinding with small amount of water. ... Batter can have several meanings: In cooking, batter is a thick or thin mixture, usually made of a ground grain, a liquid, and a fat. ... A torus. ... National motto: Out of Many One People Official language English Capital and largest city Kingston Monarch Queen Elizabeth II Governor-General Sir Howard Cooke Prime Minister P. J. Patterson Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 159th 10,991 km² 1. ... Cream can refer to: Cream (food), a dairy food product Cream (colour) Cream (band) Influential rock band of the 1960s Cream (nightclub), a Liverpool nightclub Cream (pharmaceutical), a topical preparation usually for application to the skin Cream (cosmetic), a topical preparation with no drug actives Cream (song) by Prince. ... Dough Dough is a paste made out of any cereals (grains) or leguminous crops by grinding with small amount of water. ...

Overview

Doughnuts being deep fried.

Doughnuts can be made using a yeast-based dough (raised doughnuts), or a special type of cake batter. Yeast-raised doughnuts contain about 25% oil by weight, whereas cake doughnuts' oil content is around 20%, but cake doughnuts have extra fat included in the batter, before frying. Cake doughnuts are fried for about 90 seconds, turning once, at between 190 and 198 degrees Celsius. Yeast-raised doughnuts take longer to fry, about 150 seconds, at 182 to 190 degrees Celsius. Cake doughnuts typically weigh between 24 g and 28 g, whereas yeast-raised doughnuts average 38g but are generally larger (when finished) and may be less dense. Image File history File links Frying_doughnuts. ... Image File history File links Frying_doughnuts. ... Yeasts constitute a group of single-celled (unicellular) fungi, a few species of which are commonly used to leaven bread, ferment alcoholic beverages, and even drive experimental fuel cells. ... It has been suggested that Cake mix be merged with this article. ...

After being fried, ring doughnuts are often topped with a glaze icing or a powder such as cinnamon or sugar. Ringless doughnuts may be glazed and injected with jam or custard. Icing (also frosting) is a sweet glaze made of sugar, butter, water, and egg whites or milk, often flavoured and cooked and used to cover or decorate baked goods, such as cakes or cookies. ... Binomial name Cinnamomum verum J.Presl Cassia (Indonesian cinnamon) is also commonly called (and sometimes sold as) cinnamon. ... Magnified view of refined sugar crystals. ... National motto: Out of Many One People Official language English Capital and largest city Kingston Monarch Queen Elizabeth II Governor-General Sir Howard Cooke Prime Minister P. J. Patterson Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 159th 10,991 km² 1. ... Custard is a family of preparations based on milk and eggs, thickened with heat. ...

There are many other specialized doughnut shapes such as bear claws, old-fashioneds, bars (a rectangular shape), and twists (where the dough is twisted around itself before cooking). Doughnut holes are small spheres that are made out of the dough taken from the center of ring doughnuts. They are often more commonly known by brand names, such as Munchkin (from Dunkin' Donuts in the United States), or Timbit (from Tim Hortons in Canada). A bear claw is a popular, sweet breakfast food, so named because of its resemblance to a bears claw. ... Dunkin Donuts, also known as Dunkies, is an international doughnut purveyor founded in 1950 in Quincy, Massachusetts by William Rosenberg. ... Tim Hortons is the largest coffee and doughnut chain in Canada. ...

There are lower-fat recipes for doughnuts which specify baking rather than frying. Application of fat to the pastry during baking can make it difficult to distinguish the final product from a fried doughnut.

A variety of glazed doughnuts.

Doughnuts have become a part of North American popular culture. The cartoon character Homer Simpson is especially fond of doughnuts, while popular mythology has American police officers addicted to them. Cake-based doughnuts dominate commercial production for packaged sales in grocery and convenience stores - for example "little powdered doughnuts". Yeast-based doughnuts dominate commercial production for fresh retail sale. There are retail stores which specialize in the selling of fresh doughnuts and coffee to customers, such as Tim Hortons, Dunkin' Donuts, Winchell's Donuts, Country Style and many other chain stores. Krispy Kreme is distinguished by having neon signs, known as "hot lights", to inform customers when hot doughnuts are available - fresh off the assembly line. Many doughnut shops are open 24 hours a day. Image File history File links Variety_of_doughnuts. ... Image File history File links Variety_of_doughnuts. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Tim Hortons is the largest coffee and doughnut chain in Canada. ... Dunkin Donuts, also known as Dunkies, is an international doughnut purveyor founded in 1950 in Quincy, Massachusetts by William Rosenberg. ... Winchells Donuts were founded by Verne Winchell on October 8, 1948 in Temple City, California. ... Country Style, formerly Country Style Donuts, is a chain of coffee shops in Ontario, serving donuts, soups, sandwiches, and coffee. ... Krispy Kreme is a popular chain of doughnut stores. ...

History

Doughnuts have a disputed history. One perspective is that they were introduced into North America by Dutch settlers, who are responsible for popularizing other desserts, including cookies, cream pie, and cobbler. World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... A chocolate chip cookie In the United States and Canada, a cookie is a small, flat baked cake (Commonwealth English biscuit). ... A cream pie is a type of pie made of cream, and can be made with vanilla, peach, lime, banana, coconut, chocolate, or other flavors. ... Cobbler is a traditional American baked dish, usually a dessert. ...

Another story credits the invention of the doughnut hole to a Danish sea captain named Hanson Gregory. During a particularly violent storm, Gregory needed both hands free to man the wheel of his ship, and impaled a fried cake upon the wheel, creating the signature hole. The center of fried cakes were notorious for being undercooked, so the innovation stuck. By cooking fried cakes with the center hole, the surface area increased, and the doughnut cooked faster.

Before the ring shape became common, doughnuts were often made as twisted ropes of dough. When placed into a pot of boiling fat, they floated until the lower half was cooked, then rolled themselves over to cook the other side. Ring doughnuts have to be flipped over by hand, which was more time-consuming. The twisted-rope type is called a cruller in some parts of the U.S., but cruller also refers to a particularly airy type of ring doughnut, usually glazed. A cruller is a type of doughnut. ...

Washington Irving's reference to "doughnuts" in 1809 in his History of New York is believed to be the first known printed use of the word. "Doughnut" is the more traditional spelling, and still dominates outside the US. At present, "donut" and "doughnut" are both pervasive in American English, but only "doughnut" is listed in Thorndike and Lorge's (1942) "The Teacher's Word Book of 30,000 Words." It is unclear when the "donut" spelling first took hold, but frequently it is attributed to Dunkin' Donuts, which was founded in 1950. To the contrary, Mayflower Donuts pre-dated Dunkin' Donuts, and there are sparse instances of the "donut" variation prior to WWII. For instance, it is mentioned in an LA times article dated August 10, 1929. There, Bailey Millard complains about the decline of spelling, and that he "can't swallow the "wel-dun donut' nor the ever so 'gud Washington Irving Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859) was an American author of the early 19th century. ... Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as the largest and... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Variations

Varieties

Sprinkle(d) doughnuts are doughnuts covered with sprinkles that adhere to the icing. These sprinkles may vary in color and are sometimes offered in holiday schemes (e.g. red and green sprinkles for Christmas or yellow, orange, and black for Halloween). Sprinkles are very small pieces of candy used as a decoration or to add texture to desserts. ... The word holiday has related but different meanings in English-speaking countries. ... A color scheme is the choice of colors used in design for a range of media. ... Christmas (literally, the Mass of Jesus Christ) is a traditional holiday observed on 25 December. ... Halloween is an observance celebrated on the night of October 31, most notably by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door collecting candy. ...

Regional variations

Traditional Polish pączki

In the Netherlands, the Oliebollen, referred to in cookbooks as Dutch Doughnuts, contain pieces of apple and/or dried fruit like raisins, and are traditionally eaten as part of New Year celebrations. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 269 KB) Ponczki, a delicious Polish doughnut File links The following pages link to this file: Doughnut PÄ…czki ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 269 KB) Ponczki, a delicious Polish doughnut File links The following pages link to this file: Doughnut PÄ…czki ... PÄ…czki (pronounced: )] listen are traditional Polish doughnuts. ...

In Poland the round, jam-filled doughnuts eaten especially - though not exclusively - during the Carnival are called pączki. Russian "пончики", ponchiki and Ukrainian "пампушки", pampushky are the equivalent designations for pączki. Italic text: You might also be looking for the circus. ... PÄ…czki (pronounced: )] listen are traditional Polish doughnuts. ...

In Lithuania a kind of doughnuts, called spurgos is widely known. Sometimes spurgos are similar to polish doughnuts, but some specific recipes, such as cottage cheese doughnuts (varškės spurgos) have also been invented. Cottage cheese is a cheese curd product with a mild flavor. ...

Jelly doughnuts, known as Sufganiyah in Israel have become a traditional Hanukkah food in the recent era, as they are cooked in oil, associated with the holiday account of the miracle of the oil. A sufganiyah (Hebrew: סופגניה; plural, sufganiyot: סופגניות) is a ball-shaped doughnut that is first fried, then pierced and injected with jelly or custard, and then topped with powdered sugar. ... Hanukkah, also known as the Festival of Lights or Festival of Dedication, is an eight day Jewish holiday that starts on the 25th day of Kislev, which generally is in December, or sometimes, late November. ...

In France and in New Orleans, Louisiana, there is a fried pastry called a beignet which is sometimes described as a French doughnut. Nickname: The Big Easy Motto: Official website: http://www. ... A beignet (pronounced ben-YAY, at least in New Orleans) is a pastry made from fried dough and sprinkled with confectioners sugar. ...

In Germany, the doughnut equivalents are called Bismarcks or Berliners, except from the town of Berlin where they are called Pfannkuchen. These don't have the typical ring shape, but instead are solid, usually filled with jam. Bismarcks and Berlin doughnuts are also found in the U.S. This type of doughnut is popular in Chile because of the large German community there, and is called a Berlin (plural Berlines). It may be filled with jam or with manjar, the Chilean version of dulce de leche. Bismarck is a name usually associated with Otto von Bismarck, the great German statesman of the 19th century. ... Berliner with plum jam filling A Berliner Pfannkuchen is a predominantly German pastry made from sweet yeast dough baked in fat, which has a marmalade or jam filling and usually icing, powdered sugar or conventional sugar on top. ... Dulce de leche (milk jam or caramel spread), also known as manjar blanco in some countries and as Doce de leite (in Portuguese), is a traditional candy in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay and other parts of South America. ... A Smuckers brand jar of Dulce de Leche Dulce de leche (milk jam or caramel spread; literally milk candy, in Spanish), also known as manjar blanco (white delicacy) in some countries, and as Doce de leite (in Portuguese), is a traditional candy in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay...

Italian doughnuts are called zeppole. Zeppole (singular Zeppoli) or St. ...

Some savory fried items not based on wheat-flour pastry are referred to as doughnuts, such as the ring-shaped Indian vadas, made of lentils. Vada (or Wada) is a popular South Asian snack. ...

Chinese restaurants in the US sometimes serve small fried pastries similar to doughnut holes. American Chinese cuisine is a unique style of cooking served by Chinese restaurants in the United States. ...

Many bakeries in South Korea offer donuts either filled with or made entirely from the korean traditional rice dessert, ddeok (떡).

Doughnuts and topology

Doughnuts, as ring-shaped items, are an important explanatory tool in the science of topology where the ring doughnut shape (a ring with a circular cross-section) is called a torus or toroid, and an example of using the ring doughnut as an illustrative term can be found in popular explanations of the Poincaré conjecture. The other toroidal food item used in topological explanations is the bagel. However, the bagel has a hole to allow it to be retrieved from boiling water, while a doughnut hole is intended to allow the doughnut to cook faster and more thoroughly. There is no historical connection between bagels and doughnuts. Topology (Greek topos, place and logos, study) is a branch of mathematics concerned with spatial properties preserved under bicontinuous deformation (stretching without tearing or gluing); these are the topological invariants. ... A torus. ... A toroid is a doughnut-shaped object whose surface is a torus. ... In mathematics, the Poincaré conjecture (see Henri Poincaré for pronunciation) is a conjecture about the characterisation of the three-dimensional sphere amongst 3-manifolds. ... A plain bagel The bagel (or sometimes beigel) is a bread product traditionally made of yeasted wheat dough in the form of a roughly hand-sized ring which is boiled in water and then baked. ...

Doughnuts and Popular Culture

By analogy, donut is a slang term for a circular maneuver made with an automobile or other vehicle from a sharp turn in which the rear of the vehicle swings around to form a larger circle as the front of the vehicle turns in a tight circular motion. "Doughnut" is also refers to the small rigid spare tire that comes as original equipment with many new cars.

In North America, it is not infrequent to see police officers taking their breaks at a doughnut shop, which has led to police being stereotyped as pudgy doughnut eaters. While people in many trades and professions work "on the road" and take coffee breaks at doughnut shops, the stereotype exists largely because police officers and their vehicles are identifiable. Police officers may also prefer to visit doughnut shops because many of them serve free coffee to the police. As well, many police officers work late at night, and often the only place to go to get something to eat or drink is at a doughnut shop.

Homer Simpson of the American animated television show The Simpsons is an avid consumer of doughnuts as is Police Chief Clancy Wiggum of the same series. These two in particular, represent major elements of American life (Homer the average joe, Wiggum your typical "gray area" cop) which is a great example of how deeply rooted the doughnut has become in American culture. While it is without a doubt one of most distinct and recognizable foods of North American origin, right alongside pizza and hamburgers, it also shares a slightly more negative symbolism as doughnuts are very often a representative food for America's overeating problem as well as the general problem of American's being overweight in far higher numbers. Doughnuts are used to poke fun at this more often than not by Americans and other countries around the world alike, although ironically it is also now one of the world's most popular foods. It is an especially popular food in Asia, where on the go foods have becoming incredibly successful due to the generally fast paced working class of the eastern continents. Mister Doughnut in Japan for instance, has enjoyed mass popularity for years now even before the great invasion of American fast food chain's in the mid to late 1990's and on. The anime character Vash the Stampede is quite famous for his love of the doughnut. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. ... The Simpsons is the longest-running American animated television series and overall sitcom, with 17 seasons and 367 episodes since it debuted on December 17, 1989 on FOX. The TV series, created by Matt Groening, is a spinoff of a series of animated shorts originally aired on The Tracey Ullman... In the television series, The Simpsons, the Wiggum family consist of Clancy (father and police officer), Sarah (mother), and Ralph (child). ... A Pizza Margherita made in Naples (Napoli), Italy. ... Hamburgers often contain beef, lettuce, onions, and other toppings in a bun. ... See also: Asian and Eurasian World map showing Asia. ... This article is about the year. ... Anime (アニメ) is a style of animation originating in Japan. ... Trigun manga, volume 1 (English version) Trigun (トライガン) is a 26-episode Anime series which originally aired in 1998 in Japan. ...

Doughnut Restaurant Chains

Canada

• Tim Hortons
• Coffee Time
• Robin's Donuts

Tim Hortons is the largest coffee and doughnut chain in Canada. ... Coffee Time is a chain of Canadian fast-serve donut restaurants. ... Robins Donuts is a large Canadian chain of donut shops that operate in provinces across Canada. ...

U.S.A.

• Dunkin' Donuts
• Krispy Kreme
• Tim Hortons - opened its doors to the U.S. market in the mid-1990's
• Winchell's Donuts
• Southern Maid
• The Whole Donut
• Bess Eaton

Dunkin Donuts, also known as Dunkies, is an international doughnut purveyor founded in 1950 in Quincy, Massachusetts by William Rosenberg. ... Krispy Kreme is a popular chain of doughnut stores. ... Tim Hortons is the largest coffee and doughnut chain in Canada. ... Winchells Donuts were founded by Verne Winchell on October 8, 1948 in Temple City, California. ... Bess Eaton logo Bess Eaton or Bess Eaton Donut Flour Company Inc. ...

See also

• Fried dough foods
• Timbits

It has been suggested that fried dough be merged into this article or section. ... Chocolate and honey dip timbits. ...

References

• Jones, Charlotte Foltz (1991). Mistakes That Worked, Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-262469. - Origins of the doughnut hole
• Rosana G Moreira et al, Deep Fat Frying: Fundamentals and Applications. ISBN 0834213214