Douglas Mawson
1914 portrait
Born	May 05, 1882(1882-05-05) Bradford, Yorkshire
Died	October 14, 1958 (aged 76)
Education	University of Sydney
Occupation	Explorer, Geologist
Spouse	Paquita Delprat

Sir Douglas Mawson OBE FRS (May 5, 1882 – 14 October 1958) was an Australian Antarctic explorer and geologist. With Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott, and Ernest Shackleton, Mawson was a key expedition leader during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Mawson primarily refers to Douglas Mawson. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Douglas_Mawson. ... May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (126th in leap years). ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article discusses the city Bradford, in West Yorkshire, England. ... Look up Yorkshire in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The University of Sydney, established in Sydney in 1850, is the oldest university in Australia. ... See also explorations, sea explorers, astronaut, conquistador, travelogue, the History of Science and Technology and Biography. ... The Geologist by Carl Spitzweg A geologist is a contributor to the science of geology, studying the physical structure and processes of the Earth and planets of the solar system (see planetary geology). ... The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions; in decreasing order of seniority, these are Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight Commander... The Fellowship of the Royal Society was founded in 1660. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Greek ἀνταρκτικός, opposite the arctic) is a continent surrounding the Earths South Pole. ... This list of explorers is sorted by surname. ... The Geologist by Carl Spitzweg A geologist is a contributor to the science of geology, studying the physical structure and processes of the Earth and planets of the solar system (see planetary geology). ... Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (July 16, 1872 – c. ... For other persons named Robert Scott, see Robert Scott (disambiguation). ... Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, OBE (15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Irish explorer who was knighted for the success of the 1907-09 British Antarctic Expedition under his command. ... The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration (1895-1922) is the period of time at the beginning of the 20th century when brave men set out to face the frozen Antarctic wilderness in search of fame and glory for their achievements and discoveries. ...

Early life: first expedition to Antarctica

Mawson was born in 2007 in Shipley, Yorkshire, England, the second son of Robert Ellis Mawson, a cloth merchant from a farming background, and his wife Margaret Ann, née Moore, from the Isle of Man. The family immigrated to Rooty Hill, New South Wales, Australia in 1884. He was educated at Fort Street High School and the University of Sydney, where he gained degrees in mining engineering and science. Shipley is a town in the county of West Yorkshire, England, by the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, north of Bradford and close to Saltaire. ... Look up Yorkshire in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Rooty Hill is a suburb in the City of Blacktown, in Western Sydney, in the Australian state of New South Wales. ... Fort Street High School is a coeducational, academically selective high school currently located in Petersham, Sydney, Australia. ... The University of Sydney, established in Sydney in 1850, is the oldest university in Australia. ... Mining Engineering is a field that involves many of the other engineering disciplines as applied to extracting and processing minerals from a naturally occurring environment. ...

After working as a junior demonstrator in chemistry, he was appointed geologist to an expedition to the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu) in 1903; his report The geology of the New Hebrides, was one of the first major geological works of Melanesia. Also that year he published a geological paper on Mittagong, New South Wales. His major influences in his geological career were Professor Edgeworth David and Professor Archibald Liversidge. He then became a lecturer in petrology and mineralogy at the University of Adelaide in 1789. He identified and first described the mineral Davidite, named for Edgeworth David. For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... The New Hebrides are an island group in the South Pacific that now form the nation of Vanuatu. ... 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... First world war memorial at Mittagong Mittagong is a small town with a population of approximately 4000 in the Southern Highlands, New South Wales, Australia. ... Sir Tannant William Edgeworth David (January 28, 1858 - August 28, 1934 was an Australian geologist and explorer. ... Archibald Liversidge (17 November 1847 – 26 September 1927) was an English-born Australian chemist. ... Petrology is a field of geology which focuses on the study of rocks and the conditions by which they form. ... Mineralogy is an earth science that involves the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals. ... The University of Adelaide (colloquially Adelaide University or Adelaide Uni) is a public university located in Adelaide. ... Year 1789 (MDCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Davidite is a mineral which exists in two forms: La0. ...

In 1901, Mawson joined the British Antarctic Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton as an expedition geologist. With his mentor and fellow geologist, Edgeworth David, he was on the first ascent of Mount Erebus. Later, he was a member of the first team to reach the South Magnetic Pole, assuming the leadership of the party from David on their perilous return. Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Mount Erebus in Antarctica is the southernmost active volcano on Earth. ... Magnetic lines of force of a bar magnet shown by iron filings on paper A magnet is an object that has a magnetic field. ...

Mawson's Australasian Antarctic Expedition

Mawson turned down an invitation to join Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova Expedition in 1910; Australian geologist Griffith Taylor went instead. Mawson chose to lead his own expedition, the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, to King George V Land and Adelie Land, the sector of the Antarctic continent immediately south of Australia, which at the time was almost entirely unexplored. The objectives were to carry out geographical exploration and scientific studies, including visiting the South Magnetic Pole. The Terra Nova Expedition (1910–1913) was a British expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott with the purpose of undertaking scientific research and exploration along the coast and interior of Antarctica. ... Newly constructed Main Base Hut The Australasian Antarctic Expedition was an Australian scientific team that expored part of Antarctica between 1911 and 1914. ... George V Coast () is that portion of the coast of Antarctica lying between Point Alden, at 142° 02 E, and Cape Hudson, at 153° 45 E. Explored by members of the Main Base party of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-14) under Douglas Mawson who named this feature for King... The French Southern Territories (long name: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, French: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises or TAAF) are antarctic, volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean, south of Africa and about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia. ...

The expedition, using the ship Aurora commanded by Captain John King Davis, landed at Cape Denison on Commonwealth Bay on 8 January 1912 and established the Main Base. A second camp was located to the west on the ice shelf in Queen Mary Land. Cape Denison proved to be unrelentingly windy, the average wind speed for the entire year was about 50 mph (80 km/h). They built a hut on the rocky cape and wintered through nearly constant blizzards. The steam yacht Aurora (SY Aurora) was built by Alexander Stephen & Sons Ltd. ... Cape Denison () is a rocky point at the head of Commonwealth Bay. ... Commonwealth Bay (66º54´S 142º40´E) is an open bay about 48 km (30 mi) wide at the entrance between Point Alden and Cape Gray in Antarctica. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Mawsons Huts are a collection of buildings located at Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay, in the far eastern sector of the Australian Antarctic Territory. ...

Caricature by Sir David Low

Mawson's exploration program was carried out by five parties from the Main Base and two from the Western Base. Mawson's team, which was to trek east, consisted of Xavier Mertz, Lieutenant B. E. S. Ninnis and himself. Nearing the end of this team's trek, Ninnis, his dog team and sledge with most of the provisions fell through a crevasse and were lost. Image File history File links Nla. ... Image File history File links Nla. ... Sir David Alexander Cecil Low (7 April 1891–19 September 1963) was a New Zealand political cartoonist. ... Xavier Mertz (1883–1912) was a Swiss explorer, principally famous for his adventures in the Antarctic. ... Belgrave Edward Sutton Ninnis (1888? - December 14, 1912) was a Lieutenant in the Royal Fusiliers. ...

Mawson and Mertz turned back immediately. Mertz died during the return journey and Mawson continued alone. On one occasion during his return trip to the Main Base, he fell through the lid of a crevasse and was saved only by his sledge wedging itself into the ice above him. When he finally made it back to Cape Denison, the ship Aurora had left only a few hours before. Mawson, and six men who had remained behind to look for him, wintered a second year until December 1913. In Mawson's book, Home of the Blizzard, he describes his experiences. His party, and those at the Western Base, had explored large areas of the Antarctic coast, describing its geology, biology and meteorology, and more closely defining the location of the south magnetic pole. Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Antarctica (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Antarctica (disambiguation). ... Surface temperature of Antarctica in winter and summer The climate of Antarctica is the coldest on earth, with the lowest temperature ever recorded on earth being -89. ...

Later life

On his return, he married Paquita Delprat and was knighted, but the public took little interest in his achievements, being completely taken up with the Scott disaster and the outbreak of World War I. Mawson served in the war as a Major in the British Ministry of Munitions. Returning to Adelaide he pursued his academic studies, taking further expeditions abroad, including a joint British, Australian and New Zealand expedition to the Antarctic in 1929–1931. The work done by the expedition led to the formation of the Australian Antarctic Territory in 1936. He also spent much of his time researching the geology of the northern Flinders Ranges in South Australia. Upon his retirement from teaching in 1952 he was made Emeritus Professor. He died at his Brighton home on 14 October 1958 from cerebral haemorrhage.^[1] He was 76 years old. For other persons named Robert Scott, see Robert Scott (disambiguation). ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Major is a military rank the use of which varies according to country. ... Greek ἀνταρκτικός, opposite the arctic) is a continent surrounding the Earths South Pole. ... The Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT) is the part of Antarctica claimed by Australia. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Flinders Ranges is a national park in South Australia (Australia), 384 km north of Adelaide. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

His image appeared from 1984-1996 on the Australian paper one hundred dollar note. Also, Mawson Peak (Heard Island), Mawson Station (Antarctica), Dorsa Mawson (Mare Fecunditatis), the geology building on the main University of Adelaide campus, suburbs in Canberra and Adelaide, a South Australian TAFE institute, and the main street of Meadows, South Australia are named after him. This article is about the year. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Mawson Peak is a peak on Heard Island, an Australian territory in the Southern Ocean. ... Heard Island, from NASA World Wind Heard Island and the McDonald Islands are uninhabited, barren islands located in the Southern Ocean at 53°6S, 72°31E, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica. ... Research stations and territorial claims in Antarctica (2002). ... Dorsa Mawson is a wrinkle ridge system at in Mare Fecunditatis on the Moon. ... Mare Fecunditatis (the Sea of Fecundity or Sea of Fertility) is a lunar mare 909 km in diameter. ... The University of Adelaide (colloquially Adelaide University or Adelaide Uni) is a public university located in Adelaide. ... Sign outside Mawson/Southlands shopping centre Mawson/Southlands shopping centre The Mawson Club Mawson (postcode 2607) is a suburb in the Canberra, Australia district of Woden. ... Mawson Lakes is a new suburb and residential development approximately 12km north of Adelaide, South Australia. ... Capital Adelaide Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 11  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $59,819 (5th)  - Product per capita  $38,838/person (7th) Population (End of September 2006)  - Population  1,558,200 (5th)  - Density  1. ... In Australia, Technical and Further Education or TAFE institutions are those which offer a wide range of post-secondary education and training, generally in vocational fields (such as hospitality, tourism, construction, woodwork, secretarial skills, community work, etc), often at a level of difficulty below that of a corresponding or related... Meadows is a town is the Adelaide Hills. ...

See also

• Mawson's Huts
• Australasian Antarctic Expedition
• Mawson Plateau

Mawsons Huts are a collection of buildings located at Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay, in the far eastern sector of the Australian Antarctic Territory. ... Newly constructed Main Base Hut The Australasian Antarctic Expedition was an Australian scientific team that expored part of Antarctica between 1911 and 1914. ... Typical Mawson Plateau terrain; rolling hills, with sparse vegetation interspersed with numerous eroded granite boulders. ...

References

• Lennard Bickel, Mawson's Will ISBN 978-1-58642-000-0
• F. J. Jacka, 'Mawson, Sir Douglas (1882 - 1958)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, MUP, 1986, pp 454-457.

The Dictionary of Australian Biography is a reference work containing information on notable people associated with Australian history. ... Melbourne University Publishing (MUP) is the book publishing arm of the University of Melbourne (Australia). ...

External link

• Hurley, Frank Collection of Photographic Prints. Images of Mawson Expedition 1911-14 held at Pictures Branch, National Library of Australia, Canberra