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Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezeritch (דב בער ממזריטש) It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with MiÄ™dzyrzec Podlaski. ...
(1704/1710 (?) – December 15, 1772) was the primary disciple of Rabbi Yisrael Baal Shem Tov, the founder of Hasidic Judaism. Rabbi Dov Ber is regarded as the first proponent and exponent of Hasidism and one of its most important propagators. [1] December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Catherine IIs soldiers in the Russo-Turkish War, by Alexandre Benois. ...
Rabbi Israel (Yisroel) ben Eliezer (רבי ישר×ל בן ×ליעזר, c. ...
Hasidic Judaism (from the Hebrew: Chasidut חסידות, meaning piety, from the Hebrew root word chesed חסד meaning loving kindness) is a Haredi Jewish religious movement. ...
His teachings appear in the volume, Maggid Devarav L'Yaakov. He had a number of disciples, including Rabbi Elimelech of Lizhensk, Rabbi Zusha of Anipoli, Rabbi Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev, Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk, and Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi. Rabbi Elimelech Lipman of Lizhensk (or Lezhinsk or Lijensk) (in Polish: Leżajsk) (1717-1786) was and Orthodox Judaism rabbi and one of the great Hassidic rebbes of the past. ...
Rabbi Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev (1740-1810) is one of the most beloved figures in Jewish history. ...
Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk (1730 – 1788) was an early leader of Hasidic Judaism. ...
Portrait of Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745-1812) founder of Chabad Lubavitch and author of Tanya and Shulchan Aruch HaRav. ...
Name The most common transliterations are Dovber or Dov Ber; rarely used forms are Dob Baer or Dobh Baer which often depend on the region in Eastern Europe where Jews resided and hence the influence of the local Yiddish dialects. "Dov" literally means "bear" in Hebrew and "Ber" means the same thing (i.e. "bear") in Yiddish, a type of "double-barrelled name" used by religious Jews when giving a name of an "animal" to a child whereby both the Hebrew and Yiddish versions of the name are combined into one. He was known as the Maggid — "Preacher" or literally "Sayer," one who rebukes and admonishes to go in God's ways — of Mezritch after being the Maggid of the town of Rowno. Current division of Europe into five (or more) regions: one definition of Eastern Europe is marked in orange Eastern Europe as a region has several alternative definitions, whereby it can denote: the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Central Europe and Russia. ...
Yiddish (Yid. ...
Genera Ailuropoda Ursus Tremarctos Arctodus(extinct) A bear is a large mammal of the order Carnivora, family Ursidae. ...
Hebrew (עִבְרִית ‘Ivrit) is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Jewish communities around the world. ...
In English-speaking and some other western countries, a double-barrelled name is a family name with two parts, which may or may not be joined with a hyphen, for example Bowes-Lyon or Fraser Darling. ...
Dovber of Mezeritch (died 1772) was the primary disciple of Israel ben Eliezer, the Baal Shem Tov, the founder of Hasidic Judaism (now a form of Orthodox Judaism. ...
Early life Rabbi Dov Ber was born in Volhynia in 1710, according to the Jewish Encyclopedia, [1] though other sources say his year of birth is unknown. [2] Little is known about him before he became a disciple of the Baal Shem Tov. A Hasidic legend states that, when he was five years old, his family home burst into flames. On hearing his mother weeping, he asked: "Mother, do we have to be so unhappy because we have lost a house?" She replied that she was mourning the family tree, which was destroyed, and had begun with Rabbi Yohanan, the sandle-maker and master in the Talmud. The boy replied: "And what does that matter! I shall get you a new family tree which begins with me!" [3] Pochayiv Lavra, the spiritual heart of Volhynia Volhynia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , Russian: ; also called Volynia) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug -- to the north of Galicia and of Podolia. ...
The Jewish Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. ...
Headline text Example of family tree A tree is generally the totality of ones ancestors, or specifically, a chart used in genealogy to show the family by and often also places and occupations) connected by various types of line unions, and progeniture. ...
The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions of Jewish law, ethics, customs, legends, and stories, which Jewish tradition considers authoritative. ...
When he was young, he reportedly lived in great poverty with his wife. When a child was born, they had no money to pay the midwife. His wife complained and the Maggid went outside to "curse" Israel. He went outside and said: "O children of Israel, may abundant blessings come upon you!" When his wife complained a second time, he went outside again and cried: "Let all happiness come to the children of Israel — but they shall give their money to thorn bushes and stones!" The baby was too weak to cry, and the Maggid sighed rather than "cursing". Immediately the answer came, and a voice said: "You have lost your share in the coming world." The Maggid replied: "Well, then, the reward has been done away with. Now I can begin to serve in good earnest." [3]
His visit to the Baal Shem Tov Dov Ber later became an admirer of Rabbi Isaac Luria's system of Kabbalah, which was becoming popular at that time and was aware of Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, whose writings, then only in manuscript, were well known among the Polish mystics of the period. Dov Ber followed the Lurian school, living the life of an ascetic, fasting a great deal, praying intensely, and living in poverty. He is reported to have become a cripple as a result of poor nourishment. The Grave of Isaac Luria in Safed Rabbi Isaac Luria (1534–July 25, 1572) was a Jewish scholar and mystic. ...
This article is about the overall Jewish mysticisms tradition. ...
Moshe Chaim Luzzatto (also Moses Chaim, Moses Hayyim, also Luzzato) (1707-1746), also known by the Hebrew acronym as the RAMCHAL (also RAMHAL), was a prominent Italian Jewish rabbi, mystic, and philosopher best remembered today for his ethical treatise Mesillat Yesharim (Path of the Just). ...
An ascetic is one who practices a renunciation of worldly pursuits to achieve spiritual attainment. ...
It was in part because of his poor health that he sought out the Baal Shem Tov, although as a scholar well versed in the Gemara (Talmud) and Kabbalah, he also wanted to find out whether his reputation as a wise man was justified. [3] The Gemara (×’×ž×¨× - from gamar: Hebrew [to] complete; Aramaic [to] study) is a component of the Talmud, comprising the rabbinical commentaries and analysis on the Mishnah, undertaken in the Academies of Palestine and Babylon over a 300 year period to about 500. ...
He arrived at the Baal Shem Tov's house, expecting to hear stories about profound mysteries, but instead was told stories of the latter's everyday life. Hearing only similar stories at each subsequent visit, Rabbi Dov Ber decided to return home. Just as he was about to leave, he was summoned again to the Baal Shem Tov's house. The Baal Shem Tov opened a "Pri Eitz Chaim" of Rabbi Chaim Vital (Rabbi Isaac Luria's chief disciple), and asked Rabbi Dov Ber to elucidate a certain passage. The latter did so to the best of his ability, but the Baal Shem Tov declared that Rabbi Dov Ber did not understand the real meaning of the passage, and proceeded to explain. The legend states that, as he spoke, the darkness suddenly gave way to light, and angels appeared and listened to the Baal Shem Tov's words. "Your explanations," he said to Rabbi Dov Ber, "were correct, but your deductions were thoughts without any soul in them." [1] This experience persuaded Rabbi Dov Ber to stay with the Baal Shem Tov. Rabbi Chaim Vital (1543-1620) was the closest disciple of the great 16th-century kabbalist, the Ari - Rabbi Itzchak Luria and his foremost interpreter. ...
Rabbi Dov Ber is reported to have learned from the Baal Shem Tov to value everyday things and events, and to emphasize the proper attitude with which to study Torah. Under the guidance of the Baal Shem Tov, Dov Ber abandoned his ascetic lifestyle, and recovered his health. Although he was a disciple of the Baal Shem Tov for only the last two years of the latter's life; his association was enough to cause the Maggid to be considered as the Baal Shem Tov's heir presumptive. Torah study is the study by Jews of the Torah, Tanakh, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature and similar works, all of which are Judaisms religious texts, for the purpose of the mitzvah (commandment) of Torah study itself, meaning study for religious (as opposed to academic) purposes. ...
As leader of the Hasidim Immediately after the death of the Baal Shem Tov in 1760, the Maggid assumed the leadership of Hasidism. He appointed disciples to spread his teachings, including Rabbi Jacob Joseph ha-Kohen, Rabbi Elimelech of Lizhensk and his brother Rabbi Zusha of Anipoli, Rabbi Nachum of Tschernobyl. They traveled from place to place spreading Hasidism. The Maggid himself converted such Talmudists as the brothers Horowitz, as well as Rabbi Phineas, Rabbi Samuel Shmelke, Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi (founder of Chabad-Lubavitch), and Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk. Rabbi Elimelech Lipman of Lizhensk (or Lezhinsk or Lijensk) (in Polish: Leżajsk) (1717-1786) was and Orthodox Judaism rabbi and one of the great Hassidic rebbes of the past. ...
The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions of Jewish law, ethics, customs, legends, and stories, which Jewish tradition considers authoritative. ...
Portrait of Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745-1812) founder of Chabad Lubavitch and author of Tanya and Shulchan Aruch HaRav. ...
Chabad Lubavitch, or Lubavich, is one of the largest branch of Hasidic Judaism founded by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi . ...
Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk (1730 – 1788) was an early leader of Hasidic Judaism. ...
In contrast to the Baal Shem Tov, the man of the people, who is reported to have walked about, pipe in mouth, chatting to those he met, the Maggid never relinquished the habits of a Polish Talmudist. Solomon Maimon states in his memoirs that the Maggid passed the entire week in his room, permitting only a few confidants to enter. He appeared in public only on Shabbat, dressed in white satin. On those occasions he prayed with people, and kept open house for anyone who wanted to dine with him. Shabbat (שבת shabbÄt, rest Hebrew, or Shabbos in Ashkenazic pronunciation), is the weekly day of rest in Judaism. ...
Jewish services are the communal prayer recitations which form part of the observance of Judaism. ...
After the meal he would reportedly begin to chant, and placing his hand upon his forehead, would ask those present to quote any verse from the Bible. These served as texts for the Maggid's subsequent sermon. Solomon Maimon wrote: "He was such a master in his craft that he combined these disjointed verses into an harmonious whole." [4]
Opposition of the rabbis Hasidism spread rapidly as a result of Dov Ber's powerful personality, gaining footholds in Volhynia, Lithuania, and Little Russia. The dissolution of the "Four-Lands" synod in 1764 proved favorable to its spread. The local rabbis were annoyed by the growth of the movement, but could not easily do anything about it. The Gaon of Vilna was the only rabbi whose reputation extended beyond the borders of Lithuania. When Hasidism appeared in Vilna, the Vilna Gaon enacted the first major excommunication against Hasidism, which was issued on April 11, 1772. The Vilna Gaon believed the movement was antagonistic to Talmudic rabbinism and was suspicious that it was a remnant of the recent Sabbatean movement. See Hasidim and Mitnagdim. Pochayiv Lavra, the spiritual heart of Volhynia Volhynia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , Russian: ; also called Volynia) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug -- to the north of Galicia and of Podolia. ...
Little Russia or Malorossiya (Russian: ) was the name for the territory of Ukraine applied in the time of the Russian Empire and earlier. ...
Elijah Ben Solomon, the Vilna Gaon The Vilna Gaon (April 23, 1720 – October 9, 1797) was a prominent Jewish rabbi, Talmud scholar, and Kabbalist. ...
Location Ethnographic region Dzūkija County Vilnius County Municipality Vilnius city municipality Elderate Number of elderates 20 Coordinates General information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population (rank) 540,318 in 2005 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Vilnius ( (help· info), Belarusian: , Polish...
Cherem (or Herem), is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. ...
April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ...
Catherine IIs soldiers in the Russo-Turkish War, by Alexandre Benois. ...
Sabbatai Zevi, (שבת××™ צבי Shabtai Tzvi in Hebrew) (also known as Shabbethai, Shabbetai, Sabbetai, or Shabtai; Zvi or Tzvi) (July 23, 1626–possibly September 30, 1676) was a claimed Messiah and Kabbalist. ...
Schisms among the Jews: // First Temple era Based on the historical narrative in the Bible and archeology, Levantine civilization at the time of Solomons Temple was prone to idol worship, astrology, worship of reigning kings, and paganism. ...
The Maggid's envoys, his pupils Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk and Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, were not received by the Vilna Gaon, who declined to meet them. The ban issued at Vilna drew the eyes of the world toward Hasidism. Rabbi Dov Ber ignored the opposition, but it is blamed in part for his death in Meseritz on December 15, 1772. [1] Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk (1730 – 1788) was an early leader of Hasidic Judaism. ...
Portrait of Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745-1812) founder of Chabad Lubavitch and author of Tanya and Shulchan Aruch HaRav. ...
Międzyrzec Podlaski is a town in Poland. ...
December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Catherine IIs soldiers in the Russo-Turkish War, by Alexandre Benois. ...
His views
Published words The Maggid left no writings of his own. The two works, "MaggiD DebarO le-Ya'akoV" (the last letters of which title spell "Dov"), known also under the title of Likkutei Amarim ("Collected Sayings"), published at Koretz in 1780, and frequently reprinted; and Likkutei Yesharim ("Collected Gem"), published at Lemberg in or around 1790, are the only ones known to exist. They consist of excerpts from his sermons, written down and collected by his relative, Rabbi Solomon ben Abraham of Lutzk, who, as he himself confessed, was often ignorant of their meaning. [1]
His view of God For the Maggid, God manifests himself in creation, which is only one aspect of his activity, and which is therefore in reality a self-limitation. Just as God in his goodness limited himself, and thus descended to the level of the world and man, so it is the duty of the latter to strive to unite with God. The removal of the outer shell of mundane things, or "the ascension of the [divine] spark," [1] being a recognition of the presence of God in all earthly things, it is the duty of man, should he experience pleasure, to receive it as a divine manifestation, for God is the source of all pleasure. [1] At the bottom of the hands, the two letters on each hand combine to form יהוה (YHVH), the name of God. ...
On the ecstasy of prayer Rabbi Dov Ber's view of prayer was that it is the purpose of the life on earth to advance until the perfect union with God is attained. Thus the vegetable kingdom serves as food for the animal kingdom, in order that the lower manifestation of divinity, existing in the former, may be developed into a higher one. Man being the highest manifestation has a duty to attain the highest pinnacle in order to be united with God. The way to achieve this, he argued, is through prayer, in which man forgets himself and his surroundings, and concentrates all his thought and feeling upon union with God. [1] Jewish services are the communal prayer recitations which form part of the observance of Judaism. ...
Like the Neo-Platonists, he said that when a man becomes so absorbed in the contemplation of an object that his whole power of thought is concentrated upon one point, his self becomes unified with that point. So prayer in such a state of real ecstasy, effecting a union between God and man, is extremely important, and may even be able to overcome the laws of nature. [1]
The role of the Tzaddik The Baal Shem Tov maintained that real service to God consists of prayer, rather than Torah study, because everyone can do the former, but not the latter.
Rabbi Dov Ber argued against this. Only the Tzaddik is able to remove all his thoughts from earthly things and concentrate on God. Because of his union with God, he is the connecting link between God and creation, and thus the channel of blessing and mercy. The love men have for the Tzaddik provides a path to God. The duty of the ordinary mortal is therefore to love the Tzaddik and be subservient to him. [1] This view is not a break with the teaching of the Baal Shem Tov and with classical Jewish theology, which had always taught that there were no intermediates between man and God. Dov Ber's position on this issue was one of the reasons that non-Hasidic rabbis objected to Hasidism. See Jewish principles of faith for more information. Tzadik may mean one of the following: The eighteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, written צ or ץ; also spelled: tzadi, tzodek, sade, sadhe; The Hebrew word for righteous one, and a title given to a Hassidic spiritual leader; also spelled: tzaddik, tsadik, zadik; plural: tzadikkim; A New York-based...
Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people with around 15 million followers as of 2006 [1]. It is the first[Monotheism|monotheistic]] faiths and one of the oldest religious traditions still practiced today. ...
There are a number of basic Jewish principles of faith that one is expected to uphold in order to be said to be in consonance with the Jewish faith. ...
Bibliography - Dubnow, Voskhod, ix. Nos. 9-11;
- Grätz, Gesch. der Juden, xi. 98 et seq. and note 22;
- Kohan, in Ha-Shaḥar, v. 634-639;
- Ruderman, ib. vi. 93 et seq.;
- Lobel, in Sulamith, ii. 315;
- Rodkinsohn, Toledot 'Ammude ha-ḤaBad, 1876, pp. 7-23.K. L.
Notes - ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kaufmann Kohler & Louis Ginzberg. "Baer (Dob) of Meseritz", Jewish Encyclopedia, retrieved May 20, 2006
- ^ "The Journeyman/Ascetic", Chabad.org, retrieved May 20, 2006
- ^ a b c Martin Buber. Tales of the Hasidim, Schocken 1947; this edition 1991, p. 98-99. ISBN 0805209956
- ^ Solomon Maimon. "Selbstbiographie," i. 231 et seq. in Kaufmann Kohler & Louis Ginzberg. "Baer (Dob) of Meseritz", Jewish Encyclopedia, retrieved May 20, 2006
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