Downstream refers to a relative position in DNA or RNA. Each strand of DNA or RNA has a 5' end and a 3' end, so named for the carbons on the deoxyribose ring. Relative to the position on the strand, downstream is the region towards the 3' end of the strand. Since DNA strands run in opposite directions, upstream on one strand is downstream on the other end. Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and many viruses). ... Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid consisting of a string of covalently-bound nucleotides. ... In molecular biology, the 5 end and the 3 end (pronounced 5-prime and 3-prime) are respectively the leading and tail ends of a strand of nucleic acid. ... In molecular biology, the 5 end and the 3 end (pronounced 5-prime and 3-prime) are respectively the leading and tail ends of a strand of nucleic acid. ... Deoxyribose Deoxyribose (more precisely 2-deoxyribose) is a five-carbon sugar (a pentose) derived from the pentose sugar ribose by the repacement of the hydroxyl group at the 2 position with hydrogen, leading to the net loss of an oxygen. ...
Molecularbiology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of the genetic material.
Molecularbiology is the branch of biology that seeks to interpret biological phenomena in terms of the molecules within the cell.
Molecular remains an adjective defining the scale at which biologists study their objects, and it is not a pseudonym for a collection of related techniques.
The novel molecular defect we determined was a stage-specific loss of GATA-4 expression, resulting in abnormal apoptosis of the cardiac-associated forgut.
The Smad proteins are intermediate signaling factors that function downstream of the TGF beta, activin, and BMP receptors.
Molecular cloning and developmental expression of the caveolin gene family in the amphibian Xenopus laevis.