Drina (Дрина)
The Drina River near Bajina Bašta, Serbia
Origin	Bosnia and Herzegovina, between the slopes of the Maglić and Pivska planina mountains
Mouth	Sava, at the Serbian-Bosnian border between Crna Bara and Bosanska Rača
Basin countries	Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia
Length	346 km
Avg. discharge	from 125 m³/s at the Ćehotina's mouth to 370 m³/s on the Drina's mouth into the Sava
Basin area	19,570 km²

The Drina (Serbian Cyrillic: Дрина) is a river in the Balkan peninsula. A 346 kilometer-long right tributary of the Sava river, it forms most of the border between Bosnia and Hercegovina and Serbia. Its name is derived from the Latin name of the river, Drinus. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 197 KB) Summary The Drina River near Bajina Basta, Serbia. ... Bajina BaÅ¡ta was established on the remains of the Turkish settlement of Pljeskovo which was situated on the right bank of the Drina River between the confluence of the Rača and Pilica Rivers, under the eastern foothills of Tara Mountain. ... Motto: none Anthem: Bože Pravde Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Official language(s) Serbian1 Government Republic  - President Boris Tadić  - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Independence    - From the Ottoman Empire July 13, 1878   - Yugoslavia formed December 1, 1918   - Serbia and Montenegro union dissolved June 5, 2006  Area    - Total 88,361... Sava also Save (in Serbian: Сава; German: Save; Hungarian: Száva) is a river in Europe, a right side tributary of Danube at Belgrade. ... A drainage basin is the area within the drainage basin divide (yellow outline), and drains the surface runoff and river discharge (blue lines) of a contiguous area. ... Motto: none Anthem: Bože Pravde Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Official language(s) Serbian1 Government Republic  - President Boris Tadić  - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Independence    - From the Ottoman Empire July 13, 1878   - Yugoslavia formed December 1, 1918   - Serbia and Montenegro union dissolved June 5, 2006  Area    - Total 88,361... In hydrology, the discharge of a river is the volume of water transported by it in a certain amount of time. ... The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and by Serbs everywhere. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ... Sava also Save (in Serbian: Сава; German: Save; Hungarian: Száva) is a river in Europe, a right side tributary of Danube at Belgrade. ... Bosnia and Herzegovina (also variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ... Motto: none Anthem: Bože Pravde Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Official language(s) Serbian1 Government Republic  - President Boris Tadić  - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Independence    - From the Ottoman Empire July 13, 1878   - Yugoslavia formed December 1, 1918   - Serbia and Montenegro union dissolved June 5, 2006  Area    - Total 88,361... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

Length and navigation

The Drina is formed by the confluence of the Tara and the Piva rivers, both of which flow from Montenegro and converge on the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina, at the village of Šćepan Polje. The Drina flows generally northward for 346 kilometers (of which 206 kilometers is along the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia) into the Sava, near the village of Crna Bara in northwestern Serbia. Measured from the source of the Tara, its longer headwater, the Drina is 487 kilometers long. Tara is a river in Montenegro. ... The Piva (Serbian Cyrillic: Пива) is the river in Montenegro, Serbia and Montenegro, shorther headwater of the Drina river, which it forms with the Tara river on the border with Bosnia and Hercegovina. ... This article is about the country in Europe. ... Approximate borders between Bosnia (marked light) and Herzegovina (marked dark) Historically and geographically, the region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna/Босна) comprises the northern part of the present-day country of Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Herzegovina (natively Hercegovina/Херцеговина) is a historical region in the Dinaric Alps that composes the southern part of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Sava also Save (in Serbian: Сава; German: Save; Hungarian: Száva) is a river in Europe, a right side tributary of Danube at Belgrade. ... The headwaters of a river are small streams that create it. ...

The river is not navigable, however, together with the Tara it represents the main kayaking and rafting attraction in the Balkans. Tara may mean: // Place names Tara, Ireland was the home of the High Kings of Ireland. ... Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving across water. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Whitewater. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Course

Origin and gorges

The Drina originates between the slopes of the Maglić and Pivska planina mountains, between the villages of Šćepan Polje (in Montenegro) and Hum (in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Originally flowing to the west, it makes a large curve to the northeast, around the Maluša mountains. Next, it flows through the villages of Kosman, Prijedjel, Dučeli, Čelikovo Polje, Kopilovi, Trbušće, Brod and the town of Foča. It receives the Sutjeska, Bjelava and Bistrica rivers from the left and the Ćehotina at Foča from the right. Official language Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian Note: The Constitution of Republika Srpska avoids naming the languages, and lists the languages of Serbs, Bosniaks, and Croats. ... Foča (Serbian: Фоча), known from 1992 to 2004 as Srbinje (Србиње), is a town in southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina near Drina river, in the Herzegovina region of Republika Srpska entity. ...

Here the Drina carved the longest one of the several gorges on its course, the 45 kilometer-long Suhi Dol-Biserovina gorge between the southernmost slopes of the Jahorina mountains from the north and the Kovač mountains from the south. The villages of Zlatari, Jošanica, Ustikolina, Cvilin, Zebina Šuma, Osanica, Kolovarice, Vranići, Mravinjac, Biljin, Vitkovo and Zupčići are located in the gorge, as well as the town of Goražde. The river receives the Kolunska rijeka and the Osanica as tributaries from the left. Jahorina is a mountain in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Goražde is a city in eastern Bosnia. ...

The Drina continues to the northeast, flowing close to the villages of Žuželo, Odžak, Kopači and Ustiprača, entering the 26 km long Međeđa gorge carved between the Vučevica mountains from the south and the southern slopes of the Devetak mountains from the north. The narrowest part of the Međeđa gorge is Tijesno, the 8 kilometer-long section of the gorge where the river is at its narrowest (only 12 meters wide), but also at its deepest (12 meters). Here it receives the Prača river from the left and the Janjina and Lim rivers from the right. The villages of Trbosilje, Međeđa and Orahovci are located in the gorge, which is for the most part flooded by the artificial Višegrad lake, created by the Višegrad hydro electric power plant.

At the town of Višegrad, the Drina receives the Rzav river from the right and turns northwest at the Suva Gora mountain into the Klotijevac gorge. The gorge is 38 kilometers long and up to 1 kilometer deep, carved between the mountains of Bokšanica (from the west) and Zvijezda (from the east). The villages of Sase, Resnik, Đurevići and Gornje Štitarevo lie in the gorge and the Kukal river flows into the Drina from the right. At the Slap village, the Drina receives the Žepa river from the right and turns sharply to the west, becoming a border river between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia near the village of Jagoštica. Žepa (Cyrillic: Жепа) is a town in the east of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Republika Srpska entity, on the Drina river. ...

Border river

The Drina flows between the mountains of Zvijezda and Sušica and it is flooded by the artificial Lake Perućac on the northern slopes of the Tara mountain, created by the Bajina Bašta power plant. The villages of Prohići and Osatica (in Bosnia and Herzegovina) are located on the lake, as well as the ruins of the medieval town of Đurđevac. The river is dammed at the village of Perućac, where a strong well springs out from the Tara mountain, flowing into the Drina as a waterfall. In addition, the waters of Drina are used for several fish ponds for the California trout spawning. Tara mountain is located in western Serbia, from 1000 to 1,500 metres a. ... Perućac (Cyrillic Перућац) is a village in western Serbia in the immediate proximity of the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Fishponds (see water garden) Fishpond is also a term for harmless & humorous taunt, typically a one-liner, which is given to any individual during a group game. ... Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Biwa trout (Oncorhynchus masou subsp) Trout is the common name given to a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the salmon family, Salmonidae. ...

The river continues to the villages of Peći, Dobrak, Skelani (in Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Zaguline (in Serbia), reaching the town of Bajina Bašta. At the villages of Donja Crvica and Rogačica, the Drina makes a large turn, completely changing its direction from the northeast to the northwest. This distinct geographical feature forms the Osat and Ludmer regions of Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are separated by the river from the Azbukovica part of the Podrinje region of Serbia. Bajina BaÅ¡ta was established on the remains of the Turkish settlement of Pljeskovo which was situated on the right bank of the Drina River between the confluence of the Rača and Pilica Rivers, under the eastern foothills of Tara Mountain. ... Podrinje is a geographical region in Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina around Drina River. ...

Through Bukovica

Flowing on the western slopes of the Bukovica mountain, the Drina passes next to the villages of Gvozdac, Okletac, Strmovo, Bačevci, Donje Košlje, Drlače, Vrhpolje, Donja Bukovica (in Serbia), Boljevići, Fakovići, Tegare, Sikirići and Voljevica (in Bosnia and Herzegovina), before it reaches the towns of Ljubovija in Serbia, the center of the Azbukovica (or Upper Podrinje) region, and Bratunac, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the center of the Ludmer region. Here the Drina receives the right tributary of Ljuboviđa and continues between the mountains of Jagodnja, Boranja (in Serbia), and Glogova (in Bosnia and Herzegovina). After the ruins of the medieval town of Mikuljak and the villages of Mičići, Uzovnica, Crnča, Voljevci (in Serbia), Krasanovići, Dubravice, Polom and Zelinje (in Bosnia and Herzegovina), the Drina is flooded again, this time by the artificial Lake Zvornik, as a result of the Zvornik power plant. The villages of Amajic, Culine (in Serbia), Sopotnik, Drinjača and Djevanje (in Bosnia and Herzegovina) are located on the lake. This is also where the Drinjača river flows into the Drina (now the Zvornik lake) from the left, flowing from the Bosnian region of Gornji Birač. Ljubovija (Љубовија) is a village and municipality located in the Mačva District of Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro. ... Coat of Arms Bratunac (Братунац) is a town located at the east border of Bosnia, southwest of the Drina river and north of Srebrenica. ...

Lower Podrinje

After the divided town of Zvornik (Bosnia and Herzegovina)-Mali Zvornik (Serbia), the Drina flows between the Bosnian mountain of Majevica and the Serbian mountain of Gučevo, and enters the Lower Podrinje region. For the rest of its flow after the village of Kozluk, it has no major settlements on the Bosnian side (except for the town of Janja, which is several kilometers away from the river, and some smaller settlements, like Branjevo and Glavičice). On the Serbian side, the Drina passes next to the villages of Brasina and Rečane, the ruins of the medieval town of Koviljkin Grad, the spa and town of Banja Koviljača, the industrial town and center of the Podrinje region, Loznica, and its largest suburb, Lozničko Polje. Zvornik (Зворник) is a city on the Drina river in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, located southeast of Tuzla and north of Srebrenica. ... Mali Zvornik (Мали Зворник) is a town and municipality located in the Mačva District of Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro. ... // The term spa is traditionally used to mean a place where water that is believed to have special health-giving properties occurs. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Loznica (Лозница) is a city located in Serbia and Montenegro at 44. ...

Lowest section

The Drina enters the lowest section of its course, the southern Pannonian plain, including the Serbian regions of Jadar (where it receives the Jadar river) and Iverak (where it receives the Lešnica). This is where the rivers spills in many arms and flows, creating the largest flood plain in former Yugoslavia, which the river divides in half. The east side, Mačva, is in Serbia, and the west side, Semberija, in Bosnia and Herzegovina (where it receives the Janja river). The Drina spills over and meanders, forming shallows, islands and sandbars, before emptying into the Sava river between the Serbian village of Crna Bara and the Bosnian Bosanska Rača. The variability of the water flow and low altitude resulted in several course changes during history. The Drina previously flowed into the Sava river near Šabac, 30 kilometers to the east of the present mouth. The Pannonian Plain is a large plain in Central Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... The Jadar (Serbian Cyrillic: Јадар) is a river in western Serbia, 79 km long right tributary of the Drina river. ... The Jadar (Serbian Cyrillic: Јадар) is a river in western Serbia, 79 km long right tributary of the Drina river. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages, Југославија in Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... Macva District in Central Serbia Mačva (Serbian: Mačva or Мачва, Hungarian: Macsó) is a region in the northwest of Central Serbia. ... Semberija is a geographical region in north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina (notably in Republika Srpska). ... Image:Sabac. ...

Characteristics

Like the Velika Morava, the Drina is also a meandering river, with a very high meandering ratio (175:346), still slightly less than that of Velika Morava. The Velika Morava is a river in Serbia that flows into the Danube near Smederevo. ...

The Drina is a very fast river with cold and greenish water due to the limestone which constitutes a major part of the area in which the river carved its bed. Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...

Its average depth is 3 to 5 meters, the deepest being 12 meters at Tijesno. On average, the Drina is 50-60 meters wide, but it ranges from only 12-20 meters at Tijesno to up to 200 meters at Bajina Bašta and Ljubovija. Bajina BaÅ¡ta was established on the remains of the Turkish settlement of Pljeskovo which was situated on the right bank of the Drina River between the confluence of the Rača and Pilica Rivers, under the eastern foothills of Tara Mountain. ... Ljubovija (Љубовија) is a village and municipality located in the Mačva District of Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro. ...

The drainage basin covers 19,570 square kilometers, branching into Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Albania. The Drina belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin. Map of the Black Sea. ... A drainage basin is the area within the drainage basin divide (yellow outline), and drains the surface runoff and river discharge (blue lines) of a contiguous area. ...

Before it was regulated by the several power stations, the Drina used to flood its valley. The most disastrous flood occured in 1896, which destroyed the town of Ljubovija. Ljubovija (Љубовија) is a village and municipality located in the Mačva District of Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro. ...

Tributaries

Major left tributaries: Sutjeska (at Kosman), Bjelava (at Trbušće), Bistrica (at Brod), Kolunska rijeka (at Ustikolina), Osanica (at Osanica), Prača (at Ustiprača), Žepa (at Slap), Drinjača (at Drinjača), Kamenica (at Djevanje), Sapna (at Karakaja) and Janja (at Janja). Sutjeska is the oldest national park in Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina), through which the river also named Sutjeska flows. ... Žepa (Cyrillic: Жепа) is a town in the east of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Republika Srpska entity, on the Drina river. ...

Major right tributaries: Ćehotina (at Foča), Janjina (at Samobor), Lim (the longest one, 220 km, at Brodar), Rzav (at Višegrad), Kukal (at Đurevići), Ljuboviđa (at Ljubovija), Jadar (at Straža) and Lešnica (at Lešnica). The Ćehotina (Serbian Cyrillic: Ћехотина), also Ćeotina, Ćotina or ÄŒehotina (Cyrillic: Ћеотина; Ћотина; Чехотина), is the 125 km long river in Montenegro, Serbia and Montenegro and Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Hercegovina, the right tributary to the Drina river. ... Foča (Serbian: Фоча), known from 1992 to 2004 as Srbinje (Србиње), is a town in southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina near Drina river, in the Herzegovina region of Republika Srpska entity. ... The Lim (Serbian Cyrillic: Лим) is a river flowing through Montenegro, Albania, Serbia and Bosnia and Hercegovina. ... Rzav may refer to: Rzav, or Veliki Rzav (Great Rzav), a river in western Serbia and eastern Bosnia and Hercegovina Beli Rzav, (White Rzav), a headstream of the Veliki Rzav Crni Rzav, (Black Rzav), a headstream of the Veliki Rzav Rzav, or Golijski Rzav, a river in western Serbia Mali... ViÅ¡egrad is a town in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina on the river Drina, located on the road from Goražde and Ustiprača towards Užice in Serbia. ... Ljubovija (Љубовија) is a village and municipality located in the Mačva District of Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro. ... The Jadar (Serbian Cyrillic: Јадар) is a river in western Serbia, 79 km long right tributary of the Drina river. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Power

The Drina originates at an altitude of 432 meters and flows into the Sava at 75 meters. The large inclination of 357 meters is not constant because of many gorges and bends, but still more than enough to generate an estimated 6 billion kilowatt-hours of potential electrical power.

Also, the discharge steadily grows: 125 cubic meters per second at the Ćehotina's mouth, 183 subic meters per second at the Lim's mouth, 328 cubic meters per second at the Drinjača's mouth, and finally 370 cubic meters per second on the Drina's mouth into the Sava.

However, power capacity is not fully used as only three hydroelectrical power stations (HE) were constructed so far: HE Zvornik, HE Bajina Bašta, and HE Višegrad.

Settlements

As a result of the inhospitable terrain and the lack of good railways and major roads, the surrounding territory is sparsely populated. Apart from many small villages, the major settlements on or near the river are:

• in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Foča, Goražde, Višegrad, Bratunac, Zvornik, and Janja.

• in Serbia: Ljubovija, Mali Zvornik, Banja Koviljača, Loznica, Lozničko Polje, and Badovinci.

The Drina is crossed by several bridges: at Višegrad, Skelani, Bratunac and Zvornik (in Bosnia and Herzegovina), and Loznica and Badovinci in Serbia. The most recent bridge is the one at Badovinci, the Pavlovića ćuprija. Foča (Serbian: Фоча), known from 1992 to 2004 as Srbinje (Србиње), is a town in southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina near Drina river, in the Herzegovina region of Republika Srpska entity. ... Goražde is a city in eastern Bosnia. ... ViÅ¡egrad is a town in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina on the river Drina, located on the road from Goražde and Ustiprača towards Užice in Serbia. ... Coat of Arms Bratunac (Братунац) is a town located at the east border of Bosnia, southwest of the Drina river and north of Srebrenica. ... Zvornik (Зворник) is a city on the Drina river in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, located southeast of Tuzla and north of Srebrenica. ... Ljubovija (Љубовија) is a village and municipality located in the Mačva District of Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro. ... Mali Zvornik (Мали Зворник) is a town and municipality located in the Mačva District of Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Loznica (Лозница) is a city located in Serbia and Montenegro at 44. ...

The Drina in Serbian culture

In its lower, meandering course, the Drina is referred to as the kriva Drina ("bent Drina"). This has entered the Serbian language as a phrase used when someone wants to resolve a complicated situation; it is said that he or she wants to "straighten the bent Drina".

During World War I, from September 8 to September 16, 1914, the Drina was the battlefield a bloody battle between the Serbian and Austro-Hungarian army, the [[Battle of the Drina. In honor of the battle, the Serbian composer Stanislav Binički (1872-1942) composed the famous March on the Drina, and in 1964 the popular movie of the same title was shot by director Žika Mitrović. The movie was later banned for a period of time by the Communist government, due to its portrayal of a true-to-life, bloody battle, unlike the heroic portrayal the government wanted, and due to its use of Binički's march (banned at that time) as part of the soundtrack. The Slovenian band Laibach did a cover version of the March on the Drina titled Mars on the River Drina in their album NATO, released in 1994 during the Yugoslav Wars. Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Stanislav Binički (1874-1942) was a: composer, conductor, and pedagogue. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Laibach is the German name for Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia; Laibach is a Slovenian industrial musical group, named after the place name; Congress of Laibach was held in 1821 in todays Ljubljana. ... NATO October 10, 1994 is a album by Slovenian industrial / techno group Laibach, named after the NATO organisation. ... The Yugoslav wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Yugoslavia that took place between 1991 and 2001. ...

The largest impact the river has had in culture probably is the novel "Na Drini ćuprija" (Bridge on the Drina) by the Yugoslav Nobel Prize for literature laureate, Ivo Andrić; the book is about the building of a bridge near Višegrad by the Ottomans in the 16th century. Sir Edward Appletons medal Photographs of Nobel Prize Medals. ... Portrait of Ivo Andrić by Kosta Hakman Ivo Andrić (Serbian Cyrillic: Иво Андрић; October 9, 1892–March 13, 1975) was a Yugoslav (Serbian, Croatian and bosnian) novelist, short story writer, and the 1961 winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. ...

References

• Mala Prosvetina Enciklopedija, Third edition (1985); Prosveta; ISBN 86-07-00001-2
• Jovan Đ. Marković (1990): Enciklopedijski geografski leksikon Jugoslavije; Svjetlost-Sarajevo; ISBN 86-01-02651-6
• Slobodan Ristanović: "Prvenac na Drini"
• Battle of the Drina