 These lollipops were found to contain heroin when inspected by the US DEA The drug trade is a worldwide black market consisting of production, distribution, packaging and sale of illegal psychoactive substances. The illegality of the black markets purveying the drug trade is relative to geographic location, and the producing countries of the drug markets (many South American, Far East, and Middle East countries) are not as inclined to have "zero-tolerance" policies, as the consuming countries of the drug trade (mostly United States and Europe) are. The economic reality of the massive profiteering inherent to the drug trade serves to extend its reach despite the best efforts of enforcement agencies worldwide. In the wake of the economic reality, the social consequences (crime, violence, imprisonment, social unrest) of the drug trade are undeniably problematic.zdfhzdfnbsfndghnmghmfghmghmhmfhmfhhfjmhfjmfhjmghmghkmgdhmdghmdghmdghmmghjmg Image File history File links Gnome-globe. ...
Image File history File links Lollipops_with_h. ...
Heroin ((INN) Diacetylmorphine, (BAN) diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid. ...
The DEAs enforcement activities may take agents anywhere from distant countries to suburban U.S. homes. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into underground economy. ...
A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical that alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness, or behaviour. ...
Origins
In jurisdictions where legislation restricts or prohibits the sale of certain popular drugs, it is common for an (illegal) drug trade to develop. For example, the United States Congress has identified a number of controlled substances with corresponding drug trades. Legislation (or statutory law) is law which has been promulgated (or enacted) by a legislature or other governing body. ...
A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. ...
Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives United States Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, D since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups (as of November 7, 2006 elections) Democratic Party Republican...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
Most nations consider drug trafficking a very serious problem. In 1989, the United States intervened in Panama with the goal of disrupting the drug trade coming from Panama. The Indian government has several covert operations in the Middle East and Indian subcontinent to keep a track of various drug dealers. Some estimates placed the value of the global trade in illegal drugs at around US$400 billion in the year 2000; that, added to the global trade value of legal drugs at the same time, totals to an amount higher than the amount of money spent for food in the same period of time. In the 2005 United Nations World Drug Report, the value of the global illicit drug market for the year 2003 was estimated at US$13 billion at the production level, at US$94 billion at the wholesale level, and at US$322 billion based on retail prices and taking seizures and other losses into account. ...
Covert operations are military or political activities that are not only clandestine (undertaken in a manner that disguises the identity of the perpetrators) but also covert, i. ...
A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...
Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ...
The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...
Major consumer countries include the United States and European nations, although consumption is world-wide. Major producer countries include Afghanistan (opium) and Bolivia,and Colombia (primarily cocaine declining in the past years; see below for further details This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ...
Cocaine (see also: crack) is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. ...
History The First Opium War was an attempt to force China to accept illegal drug trade from British drug dealing merchants to the general population of China. Smoking opium was normal in the 1800s and was said to cure many health problems. Combatants Qing China British East India Company Commanders Daoguang Emperor Charles Elliot, Anthony Blaxland Stransham The First Opium War or the First Anglo-Chinese War was fought between Great Britain and the Qing Empire in China from 1839 to 1842 with the aim of forcing China to import British opium. ...
Illegal trade of legal drugs Legal drugs like tobacco can be the subject of smuggling and illegal trading if the price difference between the origin and the destination are high enough to make it profitable. With taxes on tobacco much higher in the United Kingdom than on mainland Europe this is a considerable problem in the UK [1] Also, it is illegal to sell/give tobacco or alcohol to minors, which is considered smuggling throughout most M.E.D.C countries. A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. ...
This article is about the product manufactured from Tobacco plants (Nicotiana spp. ...
A skirmish with smugglers from Finland at the Russian border, 1853, by Vasily Hudiakov. ...
A tax is a financial charge or other levy imposed on an individual or a legal entity by a state or a functional equivalent of a state (for example, tribes, secessionist movements or revolutionary movements). ...
This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ...
Prescription drugs Some prescription drugs are also available by illegal means, eliminating the need to manufacture and process the drugs. (Prescription opioids for example, are sometimes much stronger than heroin found on the street, example: the group of the fentanyl analogs.) They are sold either via stolen or partly divided prescriptions sold by medical practices and occasionally from Internet sale. However, it is much easier to control traffic in prescription drugs than in illegal drugs because the source is usually an originally legal enterprise and thus can often be readily found and neutralized. A prescription drug is a licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained. ...
An opioid is a chemical substance that has a morphine-like action in the body. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Internet and controlled substances "No Prescription Websites" (NPWs) offer to sell controlled substances without a valid prescription. NPWs were first recognized by the U.S. Justice Department in 1999, indicating that such sites had been operating at least through the late 1990s. NPWs enable dealers and users to complete transactions without direct contact. While many NPWs accept credit cards, others only accept cash thereby further reducing any paper trail. Many NPWs are hosted in countries in which specific categories of controlled substances are locally legal (e.g. prescription opioids in Mexico), but because of the global nature of the internet, NPWs are able to do (mostly illegal) business with customers around the globe. In addition to prescription opioids, stimulants, and sedatives, steroids are often widely distributed. To date, no websites have been found offering directly to sell illegal drugs like heroin, illegal amphetamine or methamphetamine derivatives, or cocaine, however the police have uncovered several instances of dealers/drug rings using Craigslist personal ads to solicit drug business using code words and phrases. All other categories of drugs are readily available online. The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is a Cabinet department in the United States government designed to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans. ...
Craigslist is a centralized network of online urban communities, featuring free classified advertisements (with jobs, housing, personals, for sale/barter/wanted, services, community, gigs and resumes categories) and forums sorted by various topics. ...
2004 saw the conclusion of Operation Web Tryp, focusing on companies selling so-called research chemicals, legal psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines on the Internet. Operation Web Tryp was a United States Drug Enforcement Administration operation that ended on July 21, 2004, with the arrests of 10 persons. ...
This article covers research chemicals in the sense of legal or quasi-legal psychoactive drugs. ...
Violent resolutions Because disputes cannot be resolved through legal means, participants at every level of the illegal drug industry are inclined to compete with one another through violence. Some statistics have shown that a large percentage of murders recorded are a result of the drug trade. This plays a role in the gun politics debate due to the number of drug-related murders that are committed with a firearm. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Gun politics fundamentally involves the politics of two related questions: Does a government have valid authority to impose regulations on guns? And, assuming such authority, should a government regulate guns and to what extent?[1] The answer to these questions and the nature of the politics varies and depends on...
Many have argued that the arbitrariness of drug prohibition laws from the medical point of view, especially the theory of harm reduction, worsens the problems around these substances. Harm reduction is a philosophy of public health, intended to be a progressive alternative to the prohibition of certain lifestyle choices. ...
Trade of specific drugs The price per gram of heroin is typically 8 to 10 times that of cocaine on US streets.[1] Generally in Europe (except the transit countries Portugal and the Netherlands), a purported gram of street Heroin, which is usually actually between 0.7 and 0.8 grams light to dark brown powder consisting of 5-10%, less commonly up to 20%, heroin base, is between 30 and 70 Euros, which makes for an effective price of pure heroin per gram of between 300 and 2000 Euros.
The purity of street cocaine in Europe is usually in the same range as it is for heroin, the price being between 50 and 100 Euros per between 0.7 and 1.0 grams. This totals to a cocaine price range between 500 and 2000 Euros.
Anabolic steroids -
According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy, drug smugglers have an easier time smuggling them into the United States. When they have arrived in the United States, they are often sold at gyms and competitions as well as through mail operations. Anabolic steroids are a class of natural and synthetic steroid hormones that promote cell growth and division, resulting in growth of muscle tissue and sometimes bone size and strength. ...
The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), a component of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, was established in 1988 by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act. ...
Cannabis -
When cannabis is not grown in either large-scale 'grow ops' in warehouses and other large establishments, or grown for limited distribution in small-scale, possibly domestic operations, it is usually imported from Mexico or farther south. Most of the cannabis sold commercially in the U.S. is grown in hidden grow operations nationally with the majority grown in the Midwest or in the California area, which has some of the world's best soil for growing crops. Much of the cannabis in the United States is imported from Mexico, however this cannabis is usually low quality. The packaging methods used are crude often resulting in compressed or "bricked" weed. Around 40% of America's marijuana is grown inside of the country. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 193 KB)[edit] Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 193 KB)[edit] Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
A dried flowered bud of the Cannabis sativa plant. ...
Psilocybin mushrooms Psilocybe mushrooms grow naturally in most climates, thus this drug market is financially less lucrative, even though there is no doubt a certain kind of commercial growing of the Psilocybe mushrooms, half-legally in the Netherlands and illegally from different stages of maturity/manufacture of chewable dried mushroom tissue. Psychonauts will often grow these mushrooms or pick them for themselves as they are common to find in many places of the world. A psychonaut (from the Greek ψυχοναÏτης, meaning literally a sailor of the psyche) is a person who uses trance technologies from any of the worlds religions, modern psychology, and other assorted paradigms, to explore the psyche, their own consciousness, and potentially improve real performance of certain psychological tasks. ...
Alcohol -
In some areas of the world, particularly in and around the Arabian peninsula, the trade of alcohol is strictly prohibited. For example, Pakistan bans the trade because of its large Muslim population. Similarly, Saudi Arabia forbids the importation of alcohol into its kingdom, however, alcohol is smuggled by very high quantities. In other areas it is considered like any other beverage, and is legal, such as the USA. This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Tobacco -
The illegal trade of tobacco is motivated primarily by increasingly heavy taxation. When tobacco products such as name-brand cigarettes are traded illegally, the cost is as little as one third that of retail price due to the lack of taxes being applied as the product is sold from manufacturer to buyer to retailer. It has been reported that smuggling one truckload of cigarettes within the United States leads to a profit of 2 million U.S. dollars.[2] This article is about the product manufactured from Tobacco plants (Nicotiana spp. ...
The source of the illegally-traded tobacco is often the proceeds from other crimes, such as store and transportation robberies.
Sometimes, the illegal trade of tobacco is motivated by differences in taxes in two jurisdictions, including smuggling across international borders. Smuggling of tobacco from the US into Canada has been problematic, and sometimes political where trans-national native communities are involved in the illegal trade.
The kingdom of Bhutan made the sale of tobacco illegal in December 2004,[3] and since this time a flourishing black market in tobacco products has sprung up. In 2006, tobacco and betel nut were the most commonly seized illicit drugs in Bhutan. [4] Binomial name Areca catechu Linnaeus Areca nut, or pinang, more commonly known as betel nut, is the seed of the betel palm or Areca catechu, a species of palm tree which grows throughout the Pacific, Asia, and parts of east Africa. ...
Opium -
International illicit trade in opium is relatively rare. Major smuggling organizations prefer to further refine opium into heroin before shipping to the consumer countries, since a given quantity of heroin is worth much more than an equivalent amount of opium. As such, heroin is more profitable, and much stronger, because heroin is made of the main naturally-occurring psychoactive substance in opium - morphine. Image File history File links Afghan-Tajik_border. ...
Image File history File links Afghan-Tajik_border. ...
Emblem of the Russian Border Guard Service Russian Border Guard cavalryman around 1812 Russian Border Guards seize smuggled heroin on the Afghan-Tajik border, circa 2004 Border Guard Service of Russia (Russian: ÐŸÐ¾Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñлужба РоÑÑии) is a branch of Federal Security Service of Russia tasked with patrol of the Russian border. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Heroin ((INN) Diacetylmorphine, (BAN) diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid. ...
Heroin/Morphine -
Main article: Heroin -
Heroin is smuggled into the United States and Europe. Purity levels vary greatly by region with, for the most part, Northeastern cities having the most pure heroin in America (according to a recently released report by the DEA, Elizabeth and Newark, New Jersey, have the purest street grade heroin in the country). Heroin is a very easily smuggled drug because a small quarter sized vial can contain hundreds of doses. Heroin is also widely (and usually illegally) used as a powerful and addictive drug that produces intense euphoria, which often disappears with increasing tolerance. This 'rush' comes from its high lipid solubility provided by the two acetyl groups, resulting in a very rapid penetration of the blood-brain barrier after use. Once in the blood stream, heroin is rapidly converted to morphine. The morphine then binds to the opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, causing the subjective effects. Heroin and morphine can be taken or administered in a number of ways, including snorting and injection. They may also be smoked by inhaling the vapors produced when heated from below (known as "chasing the dragon"). Penalities for smuggling heroin and/or morphine are often harsh in most countries. Some countries will readily hand down a death sentence for the illegal smuggling of heroin or morphine, which are both, internationally, Schedule I drugs under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. In various Asian countries, including Singapore and Malaysia, heroin and morphine are classed by themselves and penalities for their use, possession, and/or trafficking are more severe than all other drugs, including other opioids and cocaine. Heroin ((INN) Diacetylmorphine, (BAN) diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid. ...
This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ...
Map of Elizabeth in Union County Union County Court House Elizabeth is a City in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. ...
Nickname: The Brick City Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates: County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006–2010 Area [1] - City 67. ...
It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ...
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs Opened for signature March 30, 1961 at New York Entered into force December 13, 1964[1] Conditions for entry into force 40 ratifications Parties 180[2] The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is the international treaty against illicit drug manufacture and trafficking that forms the...
Methamphetamine (Meth) -
In some areas of the United States, the trade of methamphetamine is rampant. Because of the ease in production and it's addiction rate, methamphetamine is a favorite amongst many drug distributors. This article is about the psychostimulant, d-methamphetamine. ...
According to the Community Epidemiology Work Group, the numbers of clandestine methamphetamine laboratory incidents reported to the National Clandestine Laboratory Database decreased from 1999 to 2004. During this same period, methamphetamine lab incidents increased in midwestern States (Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio), and in Pennsylvania. In 2004, more lab incidents were reported in Illinois (926) than in California (673). In 2003, methamphetamine lab incidents reached new highs in Georgia (250), Minnesota (309), and Texas (677). There were only seven methamphetamine lab incidents reported in Hawaii in 2004, though nearly 59 percent of substance abuse treatment admissions (excluding alcohol) were for primary methamphetamine abuse during the first six months of 2004
Methamphetamine is sometimes used in an injectable form, placing users and their partners at risk for transmission of HIV and hepatitis C[citation needed]. Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ...
Hepatitis C is a blood-borne, infectious, viral disease that is caused by a hepatotropic virus called Hepatitis C virus (HCV). ...
U.S. Government involvement The U.S. federal government is a most vocal opponent of the drug industry and it has set the de facto international standards regarding the legality and illegality of different drugs[citation needed]. State laws vary greatly and in some cases defy federal laws. Despite the US government's official position against the drug trade, US government agents and assets have been implicated in the drug trade. [5] [6] [7]
Oliver North and Barry Seal were caught and investigated during the Iran-Contra scandal, implicated in the use of the drug trade as a secret source of funding for the USA's support of the Contras. Page 41 of the December 1988 Kerry report to the US senate [8] states that "indeed senior US policy makers were not immune to the idea that drug money was a perfect solution to the Contra's funding problem". Oliver Laurence North (born October 7, 1943) is most well known for his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair. ...
Adler Berriman Seal, or Barry Seal was a pilot, allegedly with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and later drug smuggler turned Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) informant. ...
In the Iran-Contra Affair, United States President Ronald Reagans administration secretly sold arms to Iran, which was engaged in a bloody war with its neighbor Iraq from 1980 to 1988 (see Iran-Iraq War), and diverted the proceeds to the Contra rebels fighting to overthrow the leftist and...
The Contras (from the Spanish term La Contra, short for movement of the contrarrevolucionarios) were the armed opponents of Nicaraguas FSLN (Frente Sandinista de Liberacion Nacional) Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction following the July 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle (which ended the Somoza dynasty), and continuing throughout the...
Highly decorated US military Special Forces veteran, Colonel Bo Gritz (retired) has accused the USA of collaborating with and supporting Manuel Noriega in his drug trafficking operations. In his book Called To Serve, Gritz details his role as a key US Government employee tasked with protecting the USA's relationship with Noriega. This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Bo Gritz James Bo Gritz (born January 18, 1939 in Enid, Oklahoma) was a highly decorated Green Beret officer during the Vietnam War whose post-war activities—notably attempted POW rescues—have proven controversial. ...
General Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (born February 11, 1938) is a Panamanian general, the de facto military leader of Panama from 1983 to 1989. ...
Counter to its official goals, the US has been known to attempt to suppress research on drug usage. For example, in 1995 the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) announced in a press release the publication of the results of the largest global study on cocaine use ever undertaken. However, a decision in the World Health Assembly banned the publication of the study. In the sixth meeting of the B committee the US representative threatened that "If WHO activities relating to drugs failed to reinforce proven drug control approaches, funds for the relevant programmes should be curtailed". This led to the decision to discontinue publication. A part of the study has been recuperated[2]. Available are profiles of cocaine use in 20 countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ...
The United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, commonly known as UNICRI is a UN entity formed in 1967. ...
The World Health Assembly is the forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its 192 member states. ...
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ...
Fiction Drug smuggling was the topic of: The French Connection is a 1971 Hollywood film directed by William Friedkin. ...
2002 Penguin Books paperback edition Live and Let Die is the second James Bond novel by Ian Fleming, first published in 1954. ...
Midnight Express is a 1978 biographical film, based on the book of true accounts of Billy Hayes, a young American student sent to a Turkish prison for trying to smuggle cannabis out of Turkey to the US. However, it should be noted that the movie deviates from the books...
Scarface is a 1983 film directed by Brian De Palma, written by Oliver Stone and starring Al Pacino as Antonio Tony Montana. ...
This article is about the film Licence to Kill. ...
Deep Cover is a 1992 thriller film starring Laurence Fishburne and Jeff Goldblum and directed by Bill Duke. ...
Clear and present danger is a term used in the case Schenck v. ...
Clockers is a 1995 film directed by Spike Lee. ...
Brokedown Palace is an American film directed by Jonathan Kaplan and starring Claire Danes and Kate Beckinsale. ...
Traffic is a film directed by Steven Soderbergh that explores the intricacies of the illegal drug trade from a number of perspectives: user, enforcer, politician and trafficker. ...
Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 film adaptation of a 1978 novel of the same name. ...
Blow is a 2001 drama film about the American cocaine smuggler George Jung, directed by Ted Demme (who later died of a cocaine-related heart attack). ...
2 Fast 2 Furious is a 2003 film. ...
Bad Boys II is a 2003 action comedy film by Michael Bay. ...
Maria Full of Grace (2004, Spanish title: MarÃa llena eres de gracia, lit. ...
Layer Cake is a 2004 British gangster thriller, directed by Matthew Vaughn. ...
Don Winslow is an author currently living in the United States, most recognized for his crime and mystery novels. ...
For the 2006 video game, see Miami Vice: The Game. ...
Nighttime traffic captured by a camera over several seconds. ...
See also The prohibition of drugs is a subject of considerable controversy. ...
Capital punishment is a legal form of punishment in Singapore. ...
A counterfeit drug or a counterfeit medicine is a medication which is produced and sold with the intent to deceptively represent its origin, authenticity or effectiveness. ...
Demand reduction is a term used by drug control authorities to refer to educational and other efforts aimed at stopping people from seeking drugs, as opposed to cutting off their supply. ...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
DEA Operation Mallorca, 2005 Drugs are related to crime in multiple ways. ...
This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
World laws on cannabis possession (small amount). ...
This is a list of drug smugglers. ...
Money laundering is the practice of engaging in financial transactions in order to conceal the identity, source and destination of the money in question. ...
Shine Road The name tells the history of this back road Hemingway, South Carolina The literal meaning of moonshine is the light of the moon, but because the activity of distilling whiskey unlawfully was usually done at night with as little light as possible, the word became both a verb...
Narco-capitalism or narcocapitalism is a capitalist system in which trade in illegal drugs plays a prominent role in the economy. ...
Opium production in Afghanistan has been a significant problem for the country since the downfall of the Taliban in 2001. ...
The Opium Wars (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), or the Anglo-Chinese Wars were two wars fought in the mid-1800s that were the climax of a long dispute between China and Britain. ...
For the general concept, see Prohibitionism. ...
A skirmish with smugglers from Finland at the Russian border, 1853, by Vasily Hudiakov. ...
Massive mark-ups for drugs, UK Govt report Prevalance of drug use 1991-2006 The War on Drugs is an initiative undertaken by the United States with the assistance of participating countries, which is intended to combat the illegal drug trade —to curb supply and diminish demand for certain psychoactive...
The Whiskey Rebellion, lesser known as the Whiskey Insurrection, was a popular uprising that had its beginnings in 1791 and culminated in an insurrection in 1794 in the locality of Washington, Pennsylvania, in the Monongahela Valley. ...
United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Opened for signature December 20, 1988[1] at Vienna Entered into force November 11, 1990[2] Conditions for entry into force 20 ratifications Parties 170[3] The 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and...
At one time the death penalty was used in almost every part of the globe; but over the last few decades many countries have abolished it. ...
References - ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4355145.stm
- ^ WHO/UNICRI (1995). WHO Cocaine Project.
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