The Drukpa^[1] (Tib. druk "dragon", pa "person", implicitly, "school") — also Drukpa Kagyu^[2][3] or Drukpa Kargyud^{[citations needed]} — is a major sect of the Kagyu school of Buddhism.^[4][5] As such it is considered a Sarma or new school of Tibetan Buddhism. Within the Drukpa Lineage, there are further sub-schools, most notably the eastern Kham tradition. In Bhutan the Drukpa lineage is the dominant school and state religion. The Tibetan language is spoken primarily by the Tibetan people who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia, as well as by large number of Tibetan refugees all over the world. ... The Kagyu (Tibetan: བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་; Wylie: Bka-brgyud) school, also known as the Oral Lineage and the Spotless Practice Lineage school, is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the other three being Nyingma (Rnying-ma), Sakya (Sa-skya), and Gelug (Dge-lugs). ... Sarma is a common surname used by people in India, particulary from the North-Eastern States in the country and also in the southern states. ... Tibetan Buddhism[1] is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and the Himalayan regions, which include northern Nepal, Bhutan, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh and Sikkim), Mongolia, Russia (Kalmykia, Buryatia and Tuva) and northeastern China (Manchuria: Heilongjiang, Jilin). ...

History

The Drukpa school was founded in western Tibet by Drogon Tsangpa Gyare (1161-1211), a student of Lingchen Repa who mastered the Tantric Buddhism practices of the mahamudra and six yogas of Naropa at an early age. As a terton, or finder of spiritual relics, he discovered the text of the Six Equal Tastes, previously hidden by Rechungpa, the student of Milarepa. While on a pilgrimage Tsangpa Gyare and his disciples witnessed a set of nine dragons roaring out of the earth and into the skies, as flowers rained down everywhere. From this incident they named their sect Drukpa. This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... Events Bartholomew Iscanus becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... // Events The oldest extant double entry bookkeeping record dates from 1211 Canons regular of the Order of the Holy Cross founded September 14 1211 Troops led by Estonian resistance fighter Lembitu of Lehola destroy a garrison of missionaries in the historical Estonian region of Sakala and raid the Russian town... A mandala used in Vajrayana Buddhist practices. ... Mahāmudrā (Sanskrit: great seal or great symbol), (Tibetan: Chagchen, Wylie: phyag chen, contraction of Chagya Chenpo, Wylie: phyag rgya chen po), is a Buddhist method of direct introduction to the nature and essence of Mind (or Buddha-nature) and the practice of stabilizing the accompanying transcendental realization. ... The six yogas of Naropa describe a set of advanced Tibetan Buddhist tantric meditation practices compiled in and around the time of the Indian monk and mystic Naropa (1016-1100 C.E.), and conveyed to his student Marpa the translator. ... In Tibetan Buddhism, a tertön is someone who discovers a terma, or hidden text. ... Rechung Dorje Drakpa (Wylie: Ras-chung Rdo-rje Grags-pa), known as Rechungpa. ... For the film, see Milarepa (film). ... For other uses, see Dragon (disambiguation). ...

Also important to the lineage was Ling Repa, the root guru of Tsangpa Gyare, Phagmo Drupa (another of Gampopa's disciples) and Dampa Sumpa, one of Rechungpa's main disciples.

Dagpo Kagyu lineages are traditionally divided into the "Four Great and Eight Lesser."^[6][7] The adjectives in this case are not value judgements on the accomplishment or prominence of the sub-schools, but rather indicators of the generation in which they were founded.^[8] The Drukpa Lineage is considered by some as one of the "lesser" schools, as it was founded by a grand-disciple of Gampopa rather than a direct disciple, although widely the Drukpas do not employ this formulation. Gampopa or Dakpo Rinpoche (1016-1053) was the formost student of the Tibetan Buddhist teacher Milarepa. ...

A prominent disciple of Tsanga Gyare's nephew, Onre Darma Sengye, was Phajo Drugom Shigpo (1208-1276) who went on to convert the valleys of western Bhutan to Drukpa Lineage in 1222. January 31 - Inferior Swedish forces defeats the invading danes in Battle of Lena. ... January 21 - Pope Innocent V succeeds Pope Gregory X as the 185th pope. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 See also: 1222 state leaders Events Foundation of the University of Padua Completion of the Cistercian convent in Alcobaca...

Name

In the Drukpa school, the word "Kagyu," which means "lineage of instructions" and is normally rendered bKa'brgyud when transliterated with the Wylie system, is generally rendered dKar-brgyud. In this usage it has the meaning "the white lineage," refering to the white cotton robes of founding yogins such as Milarepa and Rechungpa.^[9] In March of 2008, the spiritual head of the Drukpa Lineage, H.H. Gyalwang Drukpa, declared his preference that: Wylie is the name of two towns in the United States: Wylie, Minnesota, and Wylie, Texas. ...

He goes on to note that the "different lineages within a major Tibetan Buddhist branch are like brothers, of course some brothers do better than others, but that doesn't mean that those doing better could self-appoint themselves as the heads of other weaker brothers' households and take over their assets, wives and children, in the name of 'helping' and in the name of 'supporting'," and for that reason it is better that dKar-brgyud not be used any longer.^[10]

Branches of the Drukpa Lineage

The outstanding disciples of Tsangpa Gyare Yeshi Dorje (1161-1211), the first Gyalwang Drukpa, may be divided into two categories: blood relatives and spiritual sons. His nephew, Onre Darma Sengye (1177-1237), ascended the throne at Ralung, the main seat of the Drukpa lineage. Darma Sengye guided the later disciples of Tsangpa Gyare, such as Gotsangpa Gonpo Dorje (1189-1258), onto the path of realization, thus becoming their guru as well. Darma Sengye's nephew and their descendants held the seat at Ralung and continued the lineage.

Gyalwa Lorepa, Gyalwa Gotsangpa and Gyalwa Yang Gonpa, a disciple of Gyalwa Gotsangpa, are known as Gyalwa Namsum or the Three Victorious Ones in recognition of their spiritual realization. The followers of Gyalwa Lorepa came to be called the 'Lower Drukpas'. The followers of Gyalwa Gotsangpa came to be called the 'Upper Drukpas'. And the followers of Onre Darma Sengye came to be called the 'Middle Drukpas'.

After the death of 4th Gyalwang Drukpa Pema Karpo in 1592, there were two rival candidates for his reincarnation. Pagsam Wangpo, one of the candidates, was favored by the King of Tsang and prevailed. His rival, Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, fled to Bhutan, where he unified the country and established Drukpa as the preeminent Buddhist school from Haa all the way to Trongsa. The Drukpa Lineage was divided from that time on into the Northern Drukpa (Chang Druk, Wylie: Byang-'Brug)^[11] branch in Tibet headed by the Gyalwang Drukpa and the Southern Drukpa (Lho Druk, Wylie: lHo-'brug)^[12] based in Bhutan and headed by the Shabdrung incarnations.^[13] Nonetheless, the 4th Gyalwang Drukpa Pema Karpo left a prediction that he would return with two reincarnations. His other reincarnation, Pagsam Wangpo, continued the lineage in Tibet. The Gyalwang Drukpa is the head of the Drukpa branch of the Kagyupa school of Tibetan Buddhism. ... Kunkyen Pema Karpo (Tibetan: པད་མ་དཀར་པོ།; Wylie: Pad-ma Dkar-po) (1527-1592 CE) was the fourth Gyalwang Drukpa, head of the Drukpa Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. ... The Shabdrung (also Zhabdrung) is the most important tulku lineage in Bhutan, equivalent in many ways to the Dalai Lama lineage of Tibet. ... Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal (b. ... Haa (alternative spelling Ha) is one of the 20 dzongkhag or districts comprising Bhutan. ... Trongsa, previously Tongsa, is one of the 20 dzongkhag (districts) comprising Bhutan. ... The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language typewriter. ... The Gyalwang Drukpa is the head of the Drukpa branch of the Kagyupa school of Tibetan Buddhism. ... The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language typewriter. ... The Gyalwang Drukpa is the head of the Drukpa branch of the Kagyupa school of Tibetan Buddhism. ... Kunkyen Pema Karpo (Tibetan: པད་མ་དཀར་པོ།; Wylie: Pad-ma Dkar-po) (1527-1592 CE) was the fourth Gyalwang Drukpa, head of the Drukpa Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. ...

Organisation

The Lho Drukpa (Southern Drukpa) are led by the King of Bhutan and Je Khenpo (a title of office, not a tulku lineage), who is the chief abbot of the Central Monk Body. Both are lineage holders of the Drukpa school. The Shabdrung Rinpoche was the traditional titular head, but his position was usurped over the centuries until he finally fled to India in 1962. Jigme Singye Wangchuck, (or in a pronunciation-based Romanization Jimi Singgê Wangchu) is the King of Bhutan. ... The Je Khenpo (Tibetan: རྗེ་མཁན་པོ།; Wylie: Rje Mkhan-po), formerly called the Dharma Raj by orientalists, is the title given to the highest religious official of Bhutan. ... In Tibetan Buddhism, a tulku is the reincarnation of a lama or other spiritually significant figure. ...

The Chang Drukpa (Nothern Drukpa) are led by Jigme Pema Wangchen, the 12th incarnation of the Gyalwang Drukpa. In Kham, Khamtrul Rinpoche traditionally has been the most prominent Drukpa Lineage lama, although he too is subordinate to the Gyalwang Drukpa. The Chang Drukpa in particular has now established centers across the world. The Gyalwang Drukpa is the head of the Drukpa branch of the Kagyupa school of Tibetan Buddhism. ...

Monasteries

Important monasteries of the Drukpa order include:

• Ralung Monastery in central Tibet just north of Bhutan
• Druk Sangag Choeling Monastery
• Hemis Monastery
• Thimphu Dzong, which houses the Central Monk Body in summer
• Punakha Dzong, the winter home of the Central Monk Body
• Namdruk Monastery

Ralung Monastery, located in the Tsang region of western Tibet, is the traditional seat of the Drukpa Kagyu order of Tibetan Buddhism. ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...

References

External links

• Drukpa facts and a biography of H.H. the Twelfth Gyalwang Drukpa
• The award-winning Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh
• Drukpa Publications
• Namdruk Institute
• Nangchen
• H.E. the Ninth Khamtrul Rinpoche Shedrup Nyima b. 1980
• H.E. the Ninth Khamtrul Rinpoche Jigme Pema Nyinjadh b.1981
• The European Centres of Gyalwang Drukpa
• Drukpa Trust
• ADC Annual Drukpa Council

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