A drum brake with the drum removed as used on the rear wheel of a car or truck. Note that in this installation, a cable-operated parking brake uses the service shoes. A drum brake is a brake in which the friction is caused by a set of shoes or pads that press against the inner surface of a rotating drum. The drum is connected to a rotating wheel. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
It has been suggested that Drum brake and Disc brake be merged into this article or section. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 640 × 480 pixelsFull resolution (640 × 480 pixel, file size: 72 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) An 11 x 2 drum brake from a late 60s truck. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 640 × 480 pixelsFull resolution (640 × 480 pixel, file size: 72 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) An 11 x 2 drum brake from a late 60s truck. ...
A brake is a device for slowing or stopping the motion of a machine or vehicle, and to keep it from starting to move again. ...
Friction is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency toward such motion of two surfaces in contact. ...
The force bearing on the axle has an eccentricity e with the point of contact to the rolling surface and exerts a moment about the contact point. ...
History
The modern automobile drum brake was invented in 1902 by Louis Renault, though a less-sophisticated drum brake had been used by Maybach a year earlier. In the first drum brakes, the shoes were mechanically operated with levers and rods or cables. From the mid-1930s the shoes were operated with oil pressure in a small wheel cylinder and pistons (as in the picture), though some vehicles continued with purely-mechanical systems for decades. Some designs have two wheel cylinders. Karl Benzs Velo (vélo means bicycle in French) model (1894) - entered into the first automobile race 2005 MINI Cooper S. An automobile (also motor car or simply car) is a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. ...
Louis Renault (February 15, 1877, Paris, France – October 24, 1944) was a French industrialist and one of the foremost pioneers of the automobile industry. ...
Several Maybach 57 and 62 models at the 2005 Concours dElegance in Pebble Beach, CA. Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (IPA: ), founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl, was a German manufacturer of engines for Zeppelins and later, large and luxurious automobiles. ...
Face The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ...
Cylinder with piston in a steam engine A cylinder in the central working part of a reciprocating engine, the space in which a piston travels. ...
For the use of the term in optics, see piston (optics). ...
The shoes in drum brakes are subject to wear and the brakes needed to be adjusted regularly until the 1950s introduction of self adjusting drum brakes. In the 1960s and 1970s brake drums on the front wheels of cars were gradually replaced with disc brakes and now practically all cars use disc brakes on the front wheels, with many offering disc brakes on all wheels. However, drum brakes are still often used for handbrakes as it has proved very difficult to design a disc brake suitable for holding a car when it is not in use. Moreover, it is very easy to fit a drum handbrake inside a disc brake so that one unit serves for both footbrake and handbrake. This does not cite any references or sources. ...
The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...
The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Vehicle brake. ...
Emergency brake handle in a German train around 1920 An emergency brake is a brake system that is generally only to be used in emergency situations to slow or stop a machine. ...
Early type brake shoes contained asbestos. When working on brake systems of older cars, care must be taken not to inhale any dust present in the brake assembly. The Federal government began to regulate asbestos production, and there was a period of time where owners complained of poor braking with the non-asbestos linings. Eventually technology advanced to compensate. A majority of daily-driven older vehicles have been fitted with asbestos-free linings. Fibrous asbestos on muscovite Asbestos Asbestos Asbestos (a misapplication of Latin: asbestos quicklime from Greek : a, not and sbestos, extinguishable) describes any of a group of minerals that can be fibrous, many of which are metamorphic and are hydrous magnesium silicates. ...
Brake drums are also occasionally used as an instrument in concert band and orchestra. Percussionists strike the brake drum with a hard mallet or drumstick to produce a clanging sound that is usually used as a special effect in the music.
Servo design Drum brakes, depending on the way the shoes are hinged, can have a "self-servo" characteristic. This increases stopping power without any additional effort by the driver because the rotation of the drum drags the shoes around with it, increasing the force holding them together. In rear brakes (as illustrated above) only one shoe will have this characteristic. Front drum brakes may use two actuating cylinders which allow both shoes to utilize the servo characteristic and which also increase the front axle braking force, required to compensate for forward weight shift and also to avoid premature rear-wheel locking. Servo action can be used to make a very powerful brake (as on the rear axles of large commercial vehicles), but it does reduce the ability of the driver to modulate the brakes sensitively. (The disc brake has no self-servo effect because the pads act perpendicularly to the rotating disc.)
Advantages Drum brakes are still used in modern cars. There can be engineering and cost advantages. Drum brakes allow simple incorporation of a parking brake. They are often applied to the rear wheels since most of the stopping happens in the front of the vehicle and therefore the heat generated in the rear is significantly less. Drum brakes are also occasionally fitted as the parking (and emergency) brake even when the rear wheels use disk brakes as the main brakes. In this situation, a small drum is usually fitted within or as part of the brake disk.
An advanced technology hybrid car using drum rear brakes is the Toyota Prius. (4-wheel discs are used in certain markets - Hybrid vehicles greatly reduce everyday wear on braking systems owing to their energy recovery motor-generators, see regenerative braking). A hybrid vehicle (HV) is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power or fuel sources such as: An on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion Human powered bicycle with battery assist A sail boat with electric power[1] The term...
Toyota Motor Corporation ), or Toyota is a Japanese multinational corporation and the worlds largest automaker by sales revenue as of 2007[3]. Together with its half-owned subsidiary Daihatsu, the company was the worlds second largest auto company by revenue of $179 billion and total vehicle production, most...
Prius may refer to: Hitachi Flora Prius, a personal computer. ...
Regenerative braking is any technology which allows a vehicle to recapture and store part of the kinetic energy that would otherwise be lost to heat when braking. ...
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Disadvantages Drum brakes with internal shoes have a particular disadvantage; when the drums are heated by hard braking the diameter of the drum increases due to the expansion of the material and the brakes must be further depressed to obtain effective braking action. This is known as brake fade and can lead to driver panic and brake failure in extreme circumstances. Under normal driving conditions it is seldom noticed, especially when drums of appropriate size are fitted. The Pontiac GTO is one vehicle often cited as having undersized drums. In automobiles, fade, or brake fade is the reduction in stopping power caused by a buildup of heat in the brake pads and rotors. ...
1965 Pontiac GTO convertible The Pontiac GTO was an automobile built by Pontiac from 1964 to 1974, and by General Motors Holden in Australia from 2004 to 2006. ...
Before 1984, it was common to re-arc brake shoes to match the arc within brake drums; the machinery used has been phased out. This practice, however, was controversial as it removed friction material from the brakes and caused a reduction in the life of the shoes as well as creating hazardous asbestos dust. It is much better to use shoes for the proper diameter drum, and if the procedure was needed, the drums were so worn that they should have been replaced, as the thickness of the drum contributes to the strength and the heat absorption and dissipation ability of the drum.
Adjustment Early drum brakes (before about 1955) required periodic adjustment to compensate for drum and shoe wear. If not done sufficiently often the symptom would be long brake pedal travel ("low pedal"), which could also be caused by low hydraulic fluid level. Low pedal can be a severe hazard when combined with brake fade as the brakes can become ineffective when the pedal bottoms out.
Self adjusting brakes may use a mechanism that engages only when the vehicle is being stopped from reverse motion. This is a traditional method suitable for use where all wheels use drum brakes (most vehicles now use disc brakes on the front wheels). By operating only in reverse it is less likely that the brakes will be adjusted while hot (when the drums are expanded), which could cause dragging brakes that would accelerate wear and reduce mileage. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Vehicle brake. ...
Self adjusting brakes may also operate by a ratchet mechanism engaged as the hand brake is applied, a means suitable for use where only rear drum brakes are used. If the travel of the parking brake actuator lever exceeds a certain amount, the ratchet turns an adjuster screw that moves the brake shoes toward the drum. A ratchet may refer to: ratchet (device), a mechanical device for controlling rotational motion socket wrench, a tool that makes use of the above mechanical device ratchet (instrument), a music instrument Ratchet (Ratchet & Clank), a fictional character from the Ratchet & Clank video game series Ratchet (Robots), a fictional character and...
Emergency break handle in a german train around 1920 An emergency brake is a brake system that is generally only to be used in emergency situations to slow or stop a machine. ...
Percussive Uses The brakedrum can be very effective in modern and film music to provide a non-pitched metal effect. Some drums have more resonance than others and the best method of producing the clearest sound is to hang the drum with nylon cord or to place it on foam. Either way, the brakedrum is struck with hammers of various weight.
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External links - How Brakes Work - Raybestos
- Dual Leading Shoe Drum Brakes on Motorcycles
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