Druskininkai
Nickname:
(Location) (Coat of arms)
Location
Ethnographic region	Dzūkija
County	Alytus County
Municipality	Druskininkai municipality
Elderate
Number of elderates
Coordinates	54°1′N 23°58′E
General information
Capital of	Druskininkai municipality
Population (rank)	20000 in 2005 (20th)
First mentioned	1596
Granted city rights	1893

Druskininkai (pronunciation (help· info), Belarusian: Друскенікі, Druskieniki; Polish: Druskienniki) is a spa town on Nemunas River in Lithuania, close to the borders to Belarus and Poland. Its name originates from the word "druska" (English: salt). To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links LietuvaDruskininkai. ... Image File history File links Druskininkai_COA.gif This image was taken from International Civic Heraldry. ... Lithuania is divided into historical and cultural regions: Aukštaitija (literally Upper Lithuania) comprises present Vilnius county, Utena County, Panevėžys County and the eastern part of Šiauliai County. ... DzÅ«kija is one of five ethnographic regions of Lithuania. ... Map of counties and their capitals The territory of Lithuania is divided into 10 counties (Lithuanian: apskritys, singular - apskritis), all named after their capitals. ... Alytus County is one of ten counties in Lithuania. ... Map of municipalities and counties in Lithuania. ... Druskininkai (Belarusian: Druskieniki; Polish: Druskienniki) is a spa town on Neman River in Lithuania, close to the borders to Belarus and Poland. ... SeniÅ«nija (elderate or eldership in English) is the smallest administrative division of Lithuania. ... SeniÅ«nija (elderate or eldership in English) is the smallest administrative division of Lithuania. ... See Cartesian coordinate system or Coordinates (elementary mathematics) for a more elementary introduction to this topic. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Druskininkai (Belarusian: Druskieniki; Polish: Druskienniki) is a spa town on Neman River in Lithuania, close to the borders to Belarus and Poland. ... Cities with over 250,000 inhabitants in Lithuania : Vilnius (Capital City) Kaunas Cities with 50,000–250,000 inhabitants in Lithuania : Alytus KlaipÄ—da Panevėžys Å iauliai Towns with 30,000–50,000 inhabitants in Lithuania Jonava KÄ—dainiai MarijampolÄ— Mažeikiai TelÅ¡iai Utena Towns with 20,000–30... The Magdeburg Rights (or Magdeburg law) were a set of city laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted with it by a local ruler. ... Image File history File links Druskininkai. ... A spa town is a town frequented, in times past, for health reasons, to take the waters. The name derives from the Belgian town Spa, and in continental Europe, a spa was known as a ville deau (town of water). ... External links Wikimedia Commons has multimedia related to: Neman Categories: Belarus-related stubs | Rivers of Belarus | Rivers of Lithuania | Russian rivers ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) In chemistry, a salt is any ionic compound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ...

Geography

Druskonis lake, City museum and a tower of the church.

The town is located at the Ratnycia River estuary to the Nemunas River. It is surrounded by a natural forest reserve. Image File history File links Druskonis_morning. ... Image File history File links Druskonis_morning. ... Estuaries and coastal waters are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing numerous ecological, economic, cultural, and aesthetic benefits and services. ...

The town is situated in a picturesque landscape with rivers, lakes, hills and forests. The city of Druskininkai has a population of 20000(2005 Census) and dates back as a spa to the 19th century. The Murray River in Australia. ... A lake is a body of water surrounded by land. ... A hill in Hungary with a hillside vintage garden For the landform that extends less than 600 metres above the surrounding terrain and that is smaller than a mountain, see the mountain article. ... A forest is an area with a high density of trees (or, historically, a wooded function as carbon dioxide sinks, animal habitats, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the Earths biosphere. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

According to some sources the site of the present-day Druskininkai was inhabitated by local Prussian tribes in early Middle Ages. In 13th century the area was conquered by Lithuanians and converted to Christianity. A small castle was built in the area as a part of the defence system against the Teutonic Order. The castle was conquered by Teutonic Knights and destroyed in 1308 and the area was soon depopulated. The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Old Prussian: Prūsa; Polish: ) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had a substantial influence on German and European history. ... Viewed historically or developmentally, a tribe consists of a social formation existing before the development of, or outside of, states. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recounted in the New Testament. ... Teutonic Knights, charging into battle. ... Events Henry VII is elected as king of the Holy Roman Empire. ...

The first mention of the present-day Druskininkai dates back to 1636. The name comes from Lithuanian root druska meaning salt. It suggests that local population has been collecting this precious mineral. In late 18th century it was discovered that minerals found in the waters of Druskininkai area are healthy and their usage in medical treatment of asthmatics started. In early 19th century Ignacy Fonberger, the University of Vilnius professor, focused on analysis of chemical composition of Druskienniki waters and discovered that they contain large amounts of Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Iodine, Bromine, Iron and Magnesium. He also promoted the locality as a holiday resort for the population of Wilno. Events February 24 - King Christian of Denmark gives an order that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen Island to build ships or as galley rowers March 26 - Utrecht University founded in The Netherlands. ... Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Young asthmatic girl using an inhaler attached to a spacer. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Vilnius University (Lithuanian Vilniaus Universitetas, Polish Uniwersytet Wileński, formerly Stefan Batory University) is the oldest and biggest university in Lithuania. ... General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 40. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sodium, Na, 11 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 22. ... General Name, Symbol, Number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 39. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iodine, I, 53 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 5, p Appearance violet-dark gray, lustrous Atomic mass 126. ... General Name, Symbol, Number bromine, Br, 35 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 4, p Appearance gas/liquid: red-brown solid: metallic luster Atomic mass 79. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number magnesium, Mg, 12 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 24. ... A resort is a place for holidaying or vacationing. ... Vilnius Old Town Vilnius (sometimes Vilna; Polish Wilno, Belarusian Вільня, Russian Вильнюс, see also Cities alternative names) is the capital city of Lithuania. ...

In 1837 czar Nicholas I of Russia bestowed on Druskininkai the status of spa, and construction of wooden pensions and hostels started. To ease the communication a ferry service on Nemunas was started. | Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Tsar, (Bulgarian цар�, Russian царь; often spelled Czar or Tzar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917. ... Nikolai I Pavlovich (Russian: Николай I Павлович), July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (February 18, Old Style), 1855), also Nicholas, was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855 and king of Poland from 1825 until 1831. ...

Soon the place became popular among other parts of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1862 a railway line linking Warsaw and Petersburg was opened and its station was placed only 19 kilometres from the city. By the beginning of the 20th century Druskienniki spa resort became one of the most popular resorts in the area, with tourists and reconvalescents coming from all over the world. It also became a place of summer residence for middle class of Vilnius, Warsaw and Moscow. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Warsaw (Polish: , (?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... Several places in the United States of America have the name Petersburg: Petersburg, Alaska Petersburg, Illinois Petersburg, Indiana Petersburg, Iowa Petersburg, Michigan Petersburg, Nebraska Petersburg, Ohio Petersburg, Virginia Petersburg, West Virginia Slight variations appear in the names of: Petersburgh, New York Saint Petersburg, Russia Saint Petersburg, Florida Petersburg was the... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Location Ethnographic region DzÅ«kija County Vilnius County Municipality Vilnius city municipality Elderate Number of elderates 20 Coordinates General information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population (rank) 540,318 in 2005 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 Vilnius ( (help· info), Belarusian: , Polish... Warsaw (Polish: , (?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ) is the capital of Russia and the countrys principal political, economic, financial, educational and transportation center, located on the river Moskva. ...

After the World War I the town became part of Poland (see Polish-Lithuanian conflict) and soon became one of the three most popular Polish resorts. Its popularity was increased by Józef Piłsudski, who spent most of his summer holidays here and promoted development of the area. Soon most of the resort was bought by state-owned Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego and construction of luxurious villas and pensions started. In 1934 a railway link with the Porzecze train station was opened and the town became opened to wide public. Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... Map of Vilnius in 1576 // Middle ages The earliest settlements in the area of present Vilnius appear to be of mesolithic origin. ... Office Chief of State, Marshal of Poland Term of office from November 14, 1918 until December 9, 1922 Profession Polish Leader Political party none, see Sanacja for details Spouse Maria PiÅ‚sudska Date of birth December 5, 1867 Place of birth Zułów, in todays Lithuania Date of death... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

After the Soviet aggression in 1939 and a staged "referendum", the town was incorporated into Belarusian SSR. Under the terms of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, adjusted by agreement on 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union annexed all Polish territory east of the line of the rivers Pisa, Narew, Western Bug, and San, except for Wilno country with its capital Wilno (Vilnius), which was given to Lithuania, and... language None. ...

Following the World War II Druskininkai were transferred to the Lithuanian SSR. Starting with 1951, it began to grow rapidly and several huge sanatoriums and spa hospitals were opened. The city became a famous resort, attracting around 400,000 visitors per year from all over the Soviet Union. Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... State motto: Visų šalių proletarai, vienykitės! (Workers of all countries, unite) Official language Lithuanian, Russian (de facto). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Sanatório Heliantia A sanatorium refers to a medical facility for long-term illness, typically cholera or tuberculosis. ...

The collapse of the Soviet Union was followed by economical difficulties faced by Lithuania and some of its resorts, lacking their usual visitors. It was up to 2001, when unemployment was reaching 29 percent in Druskininkai. The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... An 1837 political cartoon about unemployment in the United States. ...

During the last few years, Druskininkai began a fast revival. Sanatoriums, spa's and city's infrastructure were started to be renovated both by municipality and businesses. Numbers of visitors and tourists from Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Israel increase every year. Sanatório Heliantia A sanatorium refers to a medical facility for long-term illness, typically cholera or tuberculosis. ...

Nowadays, approximately 30 different illnesses are treated in Druskininkai. Despite demolitions during the World War I, the city features houses and villas reflecting all periods of its development - Russian, Polish and modern. Today, the town is a separate administrative entity governed directly by the government of Lithuania.

Culture

Orthodox church in Druskininkai

There are a number of art and historical museums and galleries in the city. Lots of cultural events take place, most of them during spring, summer and fall. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1920x2560, 1775 KB) Orthodox church in Druskinikai. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1920x2560, 1775 KB) Orthodox church in Druskinikai. ... Venus de Milo exhibited in the Louvre museum, France. ...

During 1896–1910, famous Lithuanian composer and painter M. K. Čiurlionis lived and worked in the city. A number of regular events take place at his memorial museum each year. 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... Painting by Rembrandt self-portrait Detail from Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez, in which the painter portrayed himself at work For the computer graphics program, see Corel Painter. ... Mikalojus Konstantinas ÄŒiurlionis Kings Fairy Tale (1908-1909) Tranquility (1904-1905) Mikalojus Konstantinas ÄŒiurlionis (September 22 [O.S. September 10] 1875 in VarÄ—na—April 10 [O.S. March 28] 1911 in Pustelnik near Warsaw) was a Lithuanian painter and composer. ...

Annual poetry event, "Druskininkai poetic fall" takes place since 1985(?), currently attracting authors from all over the world. This article is about the year. ...

In 2001, Grūtas park was opened in Grūtas near Druskininkai, exposing sculptures and other materials of the Soviet era. 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Grutas Park is home to only one monument of Stalin, originally set up in Vilnius. ... Soviet era is the period of Russian history comprising the years 1917 – 1991, when the power was held by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. ...

People

• Jacques Lipchitz, born here
• Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, lived here
• Jan Czeczot, died here
• Antanas Sniečkus, died here

Birth of the Muses, bronze, 1944-1950. ... Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis Kings Fairy Tale (1908-1909) Stillness (1904-1905) Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (September 22 [O.S. September 10]]] 1875 in Varėna —April 10 [O.S. March 28] 1911 in Pustelnik near Warsaw) was a Lithuanian painter and composer. ... Jan Czeczot Jan Czeczot (1796-1847) was a Polish romantic poet and ethnographer. ... Antanas Sniečkus (07 January 1903 (O.S. 25 December 1902)) in Bublelai village - 22 January 1974 in Druskininkai) was First Secretary of the Lithuanian Communist Party [LKP] between 08. ...

External links

• Druskininkai homepage (English)
• Druskininkai municipality (mostly Lithuanian)
• Druskininkai poetic fall (Lithuanian; English)
• Grūtas park (English)
• M. K. Čiurlionis museum (Lithuanian)
• Druskininkai museum "Forest Echo (English, Lithuanian)