The Dual Alliance between The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. Due to its central location, Germany has more neighbours than any other European country: these are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the... Germany and Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k.u.k. monarchy), was a dualistic state (1867–1918) in which the Kingdom of Hungary enjoyed self-government and representation in joint affairs (principally foreign relations and defence) with the western and northern lands of the Austrian Empire... Austria-Hungary was created by treaty on October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years). There are 85 days remaining. Events 3761 BCE - The epoch (origin) of the modern Hebrew calendar. 1513 - Battle of La Motta — Spanish troops under Ramon de Cardona defeat the Venetians. 1571 - Battle of Lepanto occurs. 1582... October 7, Events January January 2 - Fred Spofforth claims the first Hat-trick in test cricket. January 11 - Anglo-Zulu War begins. January 22 - Zulu troops massacre British troops at the Battle of Isandlwana. At Rorkes Drift, outnumbered British soldiers drive the attackers away after hours of fighting. February February 12... 1879. In it, Germany and Austria-Hungary pledged to aid one another in case of an attack by The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russia. Also, each state promised benevolent neutrality to the other if one of them was attacked by another European power (generally taken to be The French Republic or France ( French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. France is a democracy organised as a... France, especially after the The Franco-Russian Alliance, originally a secret agreement, was signed in January 1894 between France and Russia. It resulted from discussions that had first began in 1891, after Germany decided in 1890 not to renew the 1887 Reinsurance Treaty with Russia, despite Russian requests to renew it. Russia was feeling... Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January 7 - W.K. Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film. January 8 - A fire at the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago causes a good deal of damage. January 9 - New England Telephone and Telegraph... 1894).

After the formation of the The term German Empire (Deutsches Reich) commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser ( Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. Germans, when referring to the Reich in this period under the Kaisers, typically use the term... German Empire in 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Events January - April January 18 - The member-states of the North German Confederation unite into a single nation-state known as the German Empire. The King of Prussia is declared the first German Emperor as Wilhelm I of... 1871, German chancellor Alternative meanings: See Bismarck (disambiguation). Prince Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg ( 1 April 1815– 30 July 1898) was one of the most prominent European aristocrats and statesmen of the nineteenth century. As Prime Minister of Prussia from 1862 to 1890, he engineered the unification of the... Otto von Bismarck wanted to portray his nation as a peacemaker and preserver of the European status quo. In 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). Events January - April January 1 - Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act, introduced by United Kingdom Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. January 8 - Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United... 1877, The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches... Russia defeated the The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October... Ottoman Empire in the The Russo-Turkish Wars were a series of ten wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Turkish-ruled Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. Their conflict during World War I may also be counted as an eleventh war in the series. See: Russo-Turkish War, 1676... Russo-Turkish War; the resulting The Treaty of San Stefano was a treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire at the conclusion of the last Russo-Turkish War. It was signed on March 3, 1878 at San Stefano (now Yeşilköy), a village west of Istanbul, Turkey. Also known as the Preliminary Treaty... Treaty of San Stefano gave Russia much influence in the The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). The region has a combined area of 550,000 km² and a population of around 53 million. The countries of Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, mainland Greece, the (Former Yugoslav) Republic of... Balkans. This development outraged Austria-Hungary, who was Russia's chief competitor for influence in the Balkan region (despite being an ally of the Russians and the Germans in the League of the Three Emperors (Dreikaiserbund) 1873 Creation of a Conservative league between Germany, Russia and Austria Post Franco-Prussian War Alliance against radicals Conservatives in the three countries were wary of the growing threat (as they perceived it) of liberalism and so created a league of nations that would... Three Emperors' League). Hence, in Events January - April January – Cleopatras Needle arrives in London January 9 - Humbert I becomes King of Italy January 23 – Disraeli orders British fleet to Dardanelles January 28 - The Yale News becomes the first daily, college newspaper in the United States. January 31 - Turkey agrees to armistice at... 1878, Bismarck called an international conference (the Prompted in 1878 by Otto von Bismarck to revise the Treaty of San Stefano, the Congress of Berlin proposed and ratified the Treaty of Berlin. The Russians, led by chancellor Alexander Gorchakov, had manipulated the original treaty after their victory over the Ottoman Empire to create a very large Bulgarian... Congress of Berlin) in order to sort out the problem. The The Treaty of Berlin was the final Act of the Congress of Berlin (June 13-July 13, 1878), by which the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and Turkey revised the Treaty of San Stefano signed on March 3 of the same year. The treaty recognised the complete... Treaty of Berlin that resulted from the conference reversed Russia's gains from the Treaty of San Stefano and provided the Austrians with compensation for lost territory. Despite Bismarck's attempts to play the role of an "honest broker" at the Congress of Berlin, Russo-German relations deteriorated following the conference. The Three Emperors' League was discontinued, and Germany and Austria-Hungary were free to ally with one another against Russia.

The Alliance's existence was the reason for Russia's Mobilization (or mobilisation in British English) is the act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war. Intricate plans for mobilization contributed greatly to the beginning of World War I, since in 1914, under the laws and customs of warfare then observed, general mobilization of a nation... military mobilisation ( July 30 is the 211th day (212th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 154 days remaining. Events 1608 - At Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Samuel de Champlain shot two Iroquois chiefs to death. This was to set the tone for French-Iroquois relations for... July 30, 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. (see link for calendar) Events January 4 - 77 seal hunters freeze to death on ice near Labrador. January 5 - Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and a minimum wage of $5 for a days labor. February 13 - Copyright: In... 1914) against both allies (despite the absence of an immediate Russo-German dispute), rather than against Austria-Hungary alone following the latter's declaration of war against Serbia and Montenegro  -Serbia    - Kosovo and Metohia    - Vojvodina  - Montenegro Official language Serbian 1 Capital Belgrade Area  - Total  - % water 88,361 km² n/a Population  - Total ( 2002) census - without Kosovo  - Density 7.498.001 126.83/km²... Serbia, whose independence Russia had pledged to uphold. Russia found it impossible to comply with Germany's subsequent demand that she stand down her forces, since her war plan had been drawn up with both allies in mind, and mobilisation against Germany could not be countermanded without jeopardising preparations against Austria-Hungary also.

Germany's resultant declaration of war against Russia ( August 1st is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. Events 500-1899 527 - Justinian I becomes Byzantine Emperor. 1291 - The Swiss Confederation is formed. 1492 - Ferdinand and Isabella drive the Jews out of Spain. 1461 - Edward IV crowned... August 1) and France ( August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. Events 1400-1899 1492 - Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain. 1492 - The Jews were expelled from Spain by the Catholic Monarchs. 1645 - The Second Battle... August 3) signalled the general outbreak of Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. Battle aftermath. Remains of the Chateau Wood World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict occurring from 1914 to... World War I among Europe's In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. States with this ability are called powers, middle powers, regional powers, great powers (sometimes capitalized), superpowers, and hyperpowers. Recently... Great Powers, though by August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. Events 1578 - Battle of Al Kasr al Kebir - Moroccans defeat Portuguese. King Sebastian of Portugal is defeated and killed in North Africa, leaving his elderly uncle, Cardinal Henry, as... August 4, with all engaged in hostilities apart from neutral The Italian Republic or Italy ( Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. It comprises a boot-shaped peninsula and two large islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia, and shares its northern alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The independent countries of San... Italy (nominally joined with Germany and Austria-Hungary in the The Triple Alliance was the treaty by which Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy pledged (May 20, 1882) to support each other militarily in the event of an attack against any of them by two or more great powers. Germany and Italy additionally undertook to support one another in the event... Triple Alliance), none had actually declared war in fulfillment of an alliance obligation.