 Mixed-gauge track and pointwork (4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm)) at Odawara in Japan Dual-gauge or mixed-gauge railway is a special configuration of railway track, allowing trains of different gauges to use the same track. Generally dual-gauge railway consists of three rails, rather than the standard two rails. The two outer rails give the wider gauge, while one of the outer rails and the inner rail give a narrower gauge. Thus one of the three rails is common to all traffic. (This configuration is not to be confused with the electric third-rail.) The dominant rail gauge in each country shown Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. ...
Great Western Railway broad gauge steam locomotives awaiting scrapping in 1892 after the conversion to standard gauge. ...
As railways developed and expanded one of the key issues to be decided was that of the rail gauge (the distance between the two rails of the track) which should be used. ...
Scotch gauge was the name given to a 4 ft 6 in (1371 mm) rail gauge, the distance between the inner sides of the rails, that was adopted by early 19th century railways in the Lanarkshire area of Scotland. ...
Comparison of standard gauge (blue) and one common narrow gauge (red) width. ...
With railways, a break-of-gauge is where a line of one gauge meets a line of a different gauge. ...
Rail tracks. ...
Light rail tracks with concrete railroad ties. ...
// This is the Standard or international gauge Albania Algeria Argentina Railroad Development Corporation (ALL Mesopotamica) - Former Urquiza Line Australia Austria Belgium Brazil (E.F. Amapá) Bulgaria China Denmark Egypt France Bosnia and Herzegovina Canada Croatia Czech Republic Germany Greece Hong Kong (Rail transport in Hong Kong, including 1432 mm on...
Dual gauge photo nearby Chur. ...
Dual gauge photo nearby Chur. ...
Chur (French: Coire, German Chur (khoor) [kuËr] (in Graubünden); [xuËr] (elsewhere), Romansh Cuira (KWAY-rah) [ˈkwera] or (KWOI-rah) [ˈkwojra], Italian Coira (KOI-rah) [ˈkojra], Latin: Curia, Curia Rhaetorum and Curia Raetorum), is the capital of the Swiss canton of Graubünden and lies in the northern...
Image File history File links DualgaugeHakonetozanJP14. ...
Image File history File links DualgaugeHakonetozanJP14. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
Odawara Castle Odawara (Japanese: å°ç”°åŽŸå¸‚; -shi) is a city located in Kanagawa, Japan. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 597 pixelsFull resolution (1969 × 1470 pixel, file size: 849 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Tram tracks at Voorschoterweg, Katwijk. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 597 pixelsFull resolution (1969 × 1470 pixel, file size: 849 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Tram tracks at Voorschoterweg, Katwijk. ...
Katwijk Location Flag Country Netherlands Province South Holland Population 61. ...
Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy - Queen Beatrix - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War - Declared July 26, 1581 - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain...
Rail tracks. ...
Third rail at the West Falls Church Metro stop in Washington, D.C., electrified to 750 volts. ...
Reasoning The example image shows a site in Switzerland. Due to landscape restrictions (not for reason of costs)[citation needed], many mountain railways had to be built for use with special narrow gear. Reduction of gear width forced to reduce gauge width, because with steam-driven engines the cylinders had to be mounted at the outside of the axles and wheels for best efficiency. Thus resulted gauges of 800 and 1000 mm. Note that, where possible, Swiss mountain railways were built in standard gauge.
As mountain railway gear is not suitable for standard lines and vice-versa, there is no need for compatibility. The three-rail lines seen on the example images connect standard railway and mountain railway near a station. They were built this way for interchange comfort. As Swiss mountain railways were immensely expensive, special constructions like three-rail turnouts hardly affected overall costs.
Configuration For dual-gauge track to be achievable using three rails, the difference between the gauges needs to be at least as wide as the foot of the rail, otherwise there is no room for the rail fastening hardware (spikes, clips, and the like). Thus standard gauge (1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in)) and 5 ft 6 in (1676 mm) can be dual gauged without problem, while 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm) and 5 ft 3 in (1600 mm) (Victorian broad gauge) can also be dual-gauged, albeit with lighter narrow footed rails, as shown in Victoria, Australia (where the majority of the railways use the 1600 mm gauge). On the other hand, 1 m (3 ft 33⁄8 in) and 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) as found in Africa, or 1 m (3 ft 33⁄8 in) and 3 ft (914 mm), as found in South America, are too close to be combined into three-rail dual gauge. As railways developed and expanded one of the key issues to be decided was that of the rail gauge (the distance between the two rails of the track) which should be used. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
Victorian broad gauge is the gauge used in the Australian state of Victoria and is 5-3 (1600 mm). ...
Motto: Peace and Prosperity Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Governor HE Mr John Landy Premier Steve Bracks (ALP) Area 237,629 km² (6th) - Land 227,416 km² - Water 10,213 km² (4. ...
The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...
The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...
If three-rail dual gauge is impossible, four-rail dual gauge may be possible.
Configuration for Africa
 Standard gauge (4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm)) and 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) gauge (as found in Africa) are sufficiently dissimilar to allow three-rail dual gauge track.
 Proposal for Africa - a four rail system to support triple gauge (4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm), 1 m (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in), and 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm)), thus allowing system unification in Africa. 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) and 1 m (3 ft 33⁄8 in) gauges found in Africa are too close to allow three-rail dual gauge: four-rail dual gauge is required. With a little care, the sleepers for this dual gauge configuration can be made to support triple gauge, including standard gauge (4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm)), at little extra cost. Example of 3-track combined track, combining gauges 1,067 mm and 1,435 mm. ...
Example of 3-track combined track, combining gauges 1,067 mm and 1,435 mm. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
Example of 4-track combined track, combining gauges 1,000 mm, 1,067 mm and 1,435 mm. ...
Example of 4-track combined track, combining gauges 1,000 mm, 1,067 mm and 1,435 mm. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
Ferroconcrete sleepers A variant fastening of rails to wooden sleepers A railroad tie, cross tie, or sleeper is a rectangular object used as a base for railroad tracks. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
1000 mm and 1067 mm gauges are too close to allow three-rail dual gauge Image File history File links Dual_Gauge_Africa_3_Rail_Impossible. ...
| 1000 mm and 1067 mm gauges can be used together with four-rail dual gauge Image File history File links Dual_Gauge_Africa_4_Rail_2_Gauge. ...
| 1000 mm and 1067 mm gauges can be used together with four-rail dual gauge, with bonus 1435 mm gauge Image File history File links Dual_Gauge_Africa_4_Rail_3_Gauge. ...
| An advantage of the four-rail dual gauge track is that the four rails combined to give some of the greater strength of two rails of double the weight. The allows the old rails to be reused, instead of being scrapped or used for fenceposts.
Example in Africa
2004 On 12 October 2004, a proposal was announced to develop an electrified rail link connecting Kenya, Uganda and south Sudan. Even though Kenya and Uganda use 1000 mm gauge and Sudan uses 1067 mm, the new project was proposing to use standard gauge (1435 mm). Fortunately, all three gauges can be supported by the same sleepers (railroad ties), as described above. October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ...
shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Ferroconcrete sleepers A variant fastening of rails to wooden sleepers A railroad tie, cross tie, or sleeper is a rectangular object used as a base for railroad tracks. ...
2006 An Indian proposal surfaced to link Benin and Togo on the coast with landlocked Burkina Faso and Niger. The other adjacent state of Ghana and Nigeria use the incompatible 1067 mm gauge. With the future in mind, steel and concrete sleepers, at least between stations, can and should cater for three gauges, 1000 mm, 1067 mm and 1435 mm.
Gauge conversion The complications and difficulties outlined show how important it is to ensure that railway gauges are standardised in the first place, if at all possible. If a railway operator seeks to convert from one gauge to another, then it helps if a dual-gauge intermediate step can be done (this has often been actually practised in the past). Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 558 pixelsFull resolution (1149 × 802 pixel, file size: 263 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) -- This is a photograph from a CD-ROM that was disseminated to Federal Depository Libraries in 1992. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 558 pixelsFull resolution (1149 × 802 pixel, file size: 263 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) -- This is a photograph from a CD-ROM that was disseminated to Federal Depository Libraries in 1992. ...
San Francisco Earthquake of 1906: Ruins in vicinity of Post and Grant Avenue. ...
Knuckle (AAR Type E) couplers in use AAR Type E railroad car coupling A coupling (or a coupler) is a mechanism for connecting railway cars in a train. ...
If the gauge is to be reduced, then the sleepers can continue to protrude from the side of the rails. If the gauge is to be increased, then the sleepers used for narrow gauge may be too short, and some at least of these 'short' sleepers will have to be replaced with longer ones. Alternatively the rails may be too light for the loads imposed by broader-gauge railcars. Such potential problems can rule out dual-gauge as a feasible option. Another issue is affixing the rails to the sleepers (spikes, nails or bolts are used). If existing sleepers are wooden, extra holes can be drilled without problems. If the existing sleepers are concrete, then extra holes are impossible, and the whole sleeper has to be replaced, unless extra boltholes are already allowed for.
During the conversion of the Melbourne to Adelaide line in Australia from 5 ft 3 in (1600 mm) to 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm), dual gauge with heavy rails was not possible as the rail footings were too wide. A special gauge-convertible sleeper with a reversible chair for the Pandrol clip allowed a two-week conversion process. Melbournes CBD has grown to straddle the Yarra River in three major precincts. ...
Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia, with a population of over 1. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
In the Adelaide metropolitan area, broad-gauge timber sleepers are being replaced with gauge-convertible concrete sleepers, in case of future gauge conversion.
During WWI and WWII, gauge conversion occurred backwards and forwards between Europe and Russia as the fronts and national borders chopped and changed.
The dual-gauge lines in Java were regauged to Cape gauge (4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm) to 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm)) during the Japanese administration in 1942-1943. Actual regauging only occurred on the relatively short Brumbung-Kedungjati-Gundih main line and the Kedungjati-Ambarawa branch line, as the rest of the line was already dual-gauge (some only recently dual-gauged). A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ...
Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Ambarawa is a market town located between Semarang and Salatiga in Central Java, Indonesia. ...
Cost of an example In 2005, Pakistan Railways started work on the conversion of the 128km Mirpurkhas to Khokhrapar line from 1 m (3 ft 33⁄8 in) to 5 ft 6 in (1676 mm) gauge. The cost was set at Rs 1,800,000,000 (US$30,000,000), or about US$ 250,000 per km. Area map of Sindh showing the location of Mirpurkhas Mirpurkhas (میرپور خاص) with a population of 124,371 (1981), is a south eastern Pakistani city, fourth largest in the Sindh Province. ...
Khokhrapar (Urdu: کھوکھراپار ) is a border town located in Sindh, Pakistan. ...
The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
Examples
 A train running on mixed-gauge track near Jindřichův Hradec, Czech Republic, using the narrower gauge – not running on the outer rail, seen in the foreground. In the Czech Republic, there is dual gauge (1435 mm and 760 mm) track near Jindřichův Hradec. Interestingly, the two gauges are used by different railway companies. Dual gauge track near Jindřichův Hradec, Czechia. ...
Dual gauge track near Jindřichův Hradec, Czechia. ...
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In Britain, the Great Western Railway was initially broad gauge. After the "gauge war", it was decided to regauge the GWR. As the broad gauge was sufficiently dissimilar from standard gauge and used wooden sleepers, dual gauge was easily introduced for running new standard-gauge traffic. The Metropolitan Railway, part of the London Underground system, also started out as dual-gauge; however, its current third and fourth rails are for electricity supply, not dual gauge. The original Bristol Temple Meads station, first terminus of the GWR, is the building to the left of this picture The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company, linking South West England, the West Country and South Wales with London. ...
Great Western Railway broad gauge steam locomotives awaiting scrapping in 1892 after the conversion to standard gauge. ...
The original Bristol Temple Meads station, first terminus of the GWR, is the building to the left of this picture The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company, linking South West England, the West Country and South Wales with London. ...
The Metropolitan Line is a line of the London Underground. ...
The London Underground is an electric railway system that covers much of Greater London and some neighbouring areas. ...
Third rail at the West Falls Church Metro stop in Washington, D.C., electrified to 750 volts. ...
In Ireland, dual-gauge track was not used in regauging the Ulster Railway (UR). When it regauged its double-track route from 1880 mm (6 ft 2 in) to the new standard of 5 ft 3 in (1600 mm) it performed the task in two stages. The Dublin & Drogheda Railway (D&DR) meanwhile was regauging from 1575 mm (5 ft 2 in), too similar to the new gauge to allow dual gauge. Dual gauge was used in Derry, by the Port Authority, in an on-street network to transfer goods, on either gauge, between the city's four stations (two 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge, two 5 ft 3 in broad gauge). 1906 reference Rail Map Northern Ireland Railways (NIR or NI Railways) – formerly, and very briefly, known as Ulster Transport Railways (UTR) – is the railway operator in Northern Ireland. ...
WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 54. ...
In Western Australia, there is a double-track dual-gauge (3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) & 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm)) main line from East Perth to Northam, about 120 km. Dual-gauge track is also used from the triangle at Woodbridge to Cockburn Junction, then to Kwinana on one branch, and North Fremantle on the other. Capital Perth Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Ken Michael Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 15 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $100,900 (4th) - Product per capita $50,355/person (3rd) Population (December 2006) - Population 2,050,900 (4th) - Density 0. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
East Perth waterfront apartments. ...
Northam (Latitude 31° 38 0 S, Longitude 116° 40 0 E) is a town in Western Australia, birthplace of Shirley Strickland, Frederick Henry Piesse and Carmen Lawrence. ...
Woodbridge is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Swan. ...
The City of Cockburn () is a Local Government Area of Western Australia. ...
Kwinana is a Local Government Area of Western Australia. ...
North Fremantle is a small suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Fremantle. ...
In Brisbane, Queensland, shorter stretches of dual-gauge track (3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) & 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm)) exist between the rail freight yards at Acacia Ridge and the Port of Brisbane for freight trains. A dual-gauge line branches off at Park Road Station to run alongside electric suburban narrow gauge CityTrain services over the Merivale Bridge into Platform 1 at Roma Street Station. This is used by standard-gauge interstate CountryLink XPT services to Sydney. Brisbane (pronounced ) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Queensland, as well as the third largest city in Australia, with a greater metropolitan population of 1. ...
Capital Brisbane Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Quentin Bryce Premier Peter Beattie (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 28 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $158,506 (3rd) - Product per capita $40,170/person (6th) Population (End of September 2006) - Population 4,070,400 (3rd) - Density 2. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
Chicago and North Western Railways Proviso Yard in Chicago, Illinois, December 1942. ...
Park Road Station is a railway station in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. ...
Citytrain is the name given to the extensive urban, suburban and inter-urban electric passenger railway network serving metropolitan Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. ...
Merivale Bridge, Brisbane The Merivale Bridge is the seventh crossing of the Brisbane River. ...
Entry to the Roma Street Railway Station is via the ground level of the Brisbane Transit Centre Roma Street Railway Station is on Roma Street, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and is adjacent to the Roma Street Parkland. ...
CountryLink is the name given to the train and coach services that runs throughout regional areas in the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. ...
CountryLink is the name given to the train services that runs throughout regional areas in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...
The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of over 4,200,000 people, and 151,920 within the city centre. ...
In Belgium, some sections of tram track in Brussels combined metre gauge for the interurban trams with standard gauge for the urban trams. Since the closure of the former, these have been replaced with standard gauge track. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (480x640, 164 KB) Beschreibung Stuttgart: Triebwagen DT8. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (480x640, 164 KB) Beschreibung Stuttgart: Triebwagen DT8. ...
Stadtbahn signet as used in North Rhine-Westphalia Stadtbahn (literally in German: city railway) is a term for light rail systems in operation in Germany. ...
Stuttgart is the capital of Baden-Württemberg, Germany and has about 600,000 inhabitants (June 2004). ...
Nickname: Map showing the location of Brussels in Belgium Coordinates: Country Belgium Region Brussels-Capital Region Founded 979 Founded (Region) June 18, 1989 Government - Mayor (Municipality) Freddy Thielemans Area - Region 162 km² (62. ...
In Stuttgart, Germany, the tram lines were 1000 mm gauge. In the 1970s it was decided to convert the streetcar system to a modern Stadtbahn and regauge it to standard gauge to increase capacity. Inner-city tunnels replacing street-level sections in busy streets were built with a cross-section suitable for standard-gauge cars. After the conversion started in 1981 with the commissioning of the first three class DT-8 Stadtbahn cars, the tunnels and all other sections used by multiple lines were fitted with 1435 mm / 1000 mm dual-gauge track, to allow both old-style streetcars and new Stadtbahn cars to share those sections while lines were converted one by one over the next decades. In 2006, conversion of line 15 (the last line to be converted) is under way and expected to be complete around 2008, although some sections will retain their dual-gauge track indefinitely as a courtesy to the streetcar museum of Stuttgart, which will operate old 1000 mm gauge streetcars on weekends and special occasions. Stuttgart is the capital of Baden-Württemberg, Germany and has about 600,000 inhabitants (June 2004). ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Stadtbahn signet as used in North Rhine-Westphalia Stadtbahn (literally in German: city railway) is a term for light rail systems in operation in Germany. ...
A disused railway tunnel now converted to pedestrian and bicycle use, near Houyet, Belgium A tunnel is an underground passage. ...
In Switzerland dual gauge (standard and meter) is used in the stations at both ends of the Brünigbahn (Lucerne and Interlaken), as well as on the RhB between Chur and Domat Ems (see first illustration of this article), among other places. The Brünigbahn (SBB Brünig) was the only narrow gauge railway of the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) and passes through Interlaken over Brienz, Meiringen, the Brünigpass, Giswil, Alpnachstad after Lucerne. ...
Another view across Lake Lucerne. ...
Interlaken is a municipality in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. ...
The RhB (Rhaetian Railway / Rhätische Bahn (German) / Ferrovia Retica (Italian) / Viafier Retica (Rumantsch)) has the largest network of all the private railways in Switzerland. ...
Chur (French: Coire, German Chur (khoor) [kuËr] (in Graubünden); [xuËr] (elsewhere), Romansh Cuira (KWAY-rah) [ˈkwera] or (KWOI-rah) [ˈkwojra], Italian Coira (KOI-rah) [ˈkojra], Latin: Curia, Curia Rhaetorum and Curia Raetorum), is the capital of the Swiss canton of Graubünden and lies in the northern...
In Japan, dual gauge is used when the Shinkansen system, which is standard gauge, joins the narrow-gauge (1067 mm) system, which is the national standard. For example, part of the Ōu line became part of the Akita Shinkansen and was upgraded to dual gauge. 300 (left) and 700 Series Shinkansen at Tokyo Station Shinkansen 500 Series at Kyoto Station, March 2005 The Shinkansen ) is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan operated by Japan Railways. ...
Komachi at Omagari station. ...
In Dutch East Indies (later Indonesia), dual-gauge track was installed in 1899 between Yogyakarta and Solo. The track was owned by the Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij, a private company, which built the 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm) gauge line in 1867. The third track was installed to allow passengers and goods traveling over the 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) gauge Staatsspoorweg (State Railway) a direct connection without requiring transfer at both cities. Later, a separate pair of tracks were installed at the government's cost to allow greater capacity and higher speeds. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
The Special Region of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), is a province of Indonesia on the island of Java. ...
Surakarta (its formal name; locally it is referred to as Solo) is an Indonesian city of approximately 500,000 people located in Central Java. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
In 1940 a third rail was installed between Solo and Gundih on the line to Semarang, allowing 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) gauge trains to travel between Semarang, Solo and Yogyakarta (via Gambringan, on the line to Surabaya instead of via Kedungjati on the original line). This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Semarang is a city on the north coast of the island of Java, Indonesia. ...
Surabaya (formerly Soerabaja) is Indonesias second-largest city, and the capital of the province of East Java. ...
A short section of dual-gauge 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) and 2ft 5½in (750 mm) line existed in North Sumatra on a joint line of the Deli Railway and the Aceh Tramway. This line survived in to the 1970s. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ...
The word delicatessen designates a kind of food store. ...
Aceh (IPA pronunciation: , pronounced approximately Ah-Cèh, but with [e], not [ei] at the end) is a special territory (daerah istimewa) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. ...
1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...
Some sugar mill railways in Java also have dual-gauge sections. Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ...
In Vietnam, there is dual gauge (meter and standard) between Hanoi and the Chinese border. Comparison of standard gauge (blue) and one common narrow gauge (red) width. ...
As railways developed and expanded one of the key issues to be decided was that of the rail gauge (the distance between the two rails of the track) which should be used. ...
Hanoi (Vietnamese: Hà Nội, Hán Tự: 河内) , estimated population 3,145,300(2005), is the capital of Vietnam. ...
The length of Vietnam railway network
In Sweden and Finland, there is about 4 km of dual gauge, 1435 and 1524 mm, between the railway stations in Haparanda and Tornio on each side of the border. Haparanda is a Municipality in Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden. ...
Location on Finnish map Tornio (Swedish: Torneå) is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. ...
In Los Angeles the Los Angeles Railway and the Pacific Electric Railway (both defunct) ran on dual gauge track on some downtown streets. Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 1,290. ...
During World War II, the LARy replaced the mission bell tower in its logo with the slogan Dedicated to Victory. ...
The Pacific Electric Railway (AAR reporting mark PE), also known as the Red Car system, was a mass transit system in Southern California using streetcars, light rail and buses. ...
Triple gauge There have been a few instances of triple-gauge break-of-gauge stations. With railways, a break-of-gauge is where a line of one gauge meets a line of a different gauge. ...
- Port Pirie, South Australia, 1067 mm, 1435 mm, 1600 mm (3 ft 6 in (1067 mm), 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm), 5 ft 3 in (1600 mm)) (1938-1970)
- Gladstone, South Australia, 1067 mm, 1435 mm, 1600 mm (3 ft 6 in (1067 mm), 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm), 5 ft 3 in (1600 mm)) (1970-1980s)
- Peterborough, South Australia, 1067 mm, 1435 mm, 1600 mm (3 ft 6 in (1067 mm), 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm), 5 ft 3 in (1600 mm)) (1970-1980s)
- Latour-de-Carol, France, 1000 mm, 1435 mm, 1668 mm (still in use)
Because these three triple-gauge examples were yards operating at low speed, light rail could be used to space the rails closely together if required. Main line operation at high speeds is another matter. Port Pirie is a city located 224 kilometres north of Adelaide in South Australia. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...
Gladstone is a town in the mid north of South Australia. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
This article cites very few or no references or sources. ...
Peterborough is a town in the mid north of South Australia, in wheat country. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
Latour de Carol (Catalan: La Tor de Querol) is a village in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France, near the border with Spain and Andorra. ...
The Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge originally carried trains of three different gauges. The Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge was a double-decker suspension bridge that carried railroad tracks and mixed traffic across the Niagara River north of Niagara Falls, running east from Niagara Falls, Ontario to Niagara Falls, New York. ...
Accidents on dual-gauge railways On September 9, 2004, an accident happened on a switch in Jindřichův Hradec where dual-gauge railway bifurcates. An Junák express train from Plzeň to Brno derailed here because of a signalman's fault. He switched the switch to the narrow-gauge track although the express train used the standard-gauge one. Only the driver of the express train was slightly injured. Switch - bifurcation of a dual gauge rail near Jindřichův Hradec, Czech Republic. ...
Switch - bifurcation of a dual gauge rail near Jindřichův Hradec, Czech Republic. ...
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September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ...
shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
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An SP freight train west of Chicago in 1992. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
Coordinates: Country Czech Republic Region South Moravia Founded 1146 Area - city 230. ...
Complexity of dual-gauge switches Dual-gauge turnouts (also known as switches or points), where both gauges have a choice of routes, are quite complicated, with more moving parts than single-gauge turnouts. They impose very low speed limits. If dual-gauge points are operated and detected by electrical circuits, their reliability will be high.
Where two gauges separate (i.e. each gauge has only one route, as in the picture at right), it is sometimes done without any moving parts.
Separate gauge If dual-gauge turnouts are too slow, or too difficult because the gauges are too similar, then an option is to build two separate lines, one of each gauge, side by side. This choice also depends on the amount of traffic. Dual-gauge could continue to be employed at an expensive bridge or tunnel.
Examples include:
- Albury, New South Wales to Melbourne, Victoria, 300 km
- As the old and original broad gauge track declines in use, it is slated for conversion to standard gauge, replacing parallel standard-gauge single track and broad-gauge double track with a double-track standard-gauge line. This will reduce delays on the standard-gauge line at crossing loops.
- Melbourne Victoria, to Geelong, Victoria, 80 km, a single standard-gauge line parallel to double-track broad gauge.
- Yogyakarta-Solo in Java, Dutch East Indies during pre-WW II days, 58 km. This had a single 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) line parallelling a dual-gauge 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) line.
- In 2005 a proposed standard gauge line connecting Iran with China via several broad gauge Central Asian countries will use a mixture of parallel separate lines and dual gauge.
Albury is a city in New South Wales, Australia, located on the Hume Highway on the Northern side of the Murray River. ...
Capital Sydney Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Professor Marie Bashir Premier Morris Iemma (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 50 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $305,437 (1st) - Product per capita $45,153/person (4th) Population (End of March 2006) - Population 6,817,100 (1st) - Density 8. ...
Melbournes CBD has grown to straddle the Yarra River in three major precincts. ...
Capital Melbourne Government Constitutional monarchy Governor David de Kretser Premier Steve Bracks (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 37 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $222,022 (2nd) - Product per capita $44,443/person (5th) Population (End of September 2006) - Population 5,110,500 (2nd) - Density 22. ...
Great Western Railway broad gauge steam locomotives awaiting scrapping in 1892 after the conversion to standard gauge. ...
As railways developed and expanded one of the key issues to be decided was that of the rail gauge (the distance between the two rails of the track) which should be used. ...
A crossing loop is a place on a single line railway where trains in opposing directions can cross each other. ...
Melbournes CBD has grown to straddle the Yarra River in three major precincts. ...
Moorabool St, Geelongs main street, during Christmas. ...
The Special Region of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), is a province of Indonesia on the island of Java. ...
Surakarta (its formal name; locally it is referred to as Solo) is an Indonesian city of approximately 500,000 people located in Central Java. ...
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...
2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Overlapping gauges Bangladesh is tackling its break of gauge problem by adding a third rail to its broad and narrow gauge lines, so that it becomes a mainly dual-gauge system. The new Jamuna bridge that links the east and west rail systems is four rail dual gauge so that both gauges use the same centre-line. At some stage in the future, Bangladesh may choose one gauge over the other and convert to a single gauge, but there are no immediate plans for this. Jamuna may refer to: Jamuna River in Bangladesh. ...
Bangladesh's neighbour to the east is also 1000mm gauge, should the missing link ever be built.
Other methods of handling multiple gauges Other methods of handling multiple gauges include: - Transporter wagons or transporter trucks, which carry equipment of one gauge on the other's tracks.
- Truck exchange systems, where the railroad car is lifted and the trucks/bogies under it are swapped. This system is not suitable for four-wheel wagons.
- Adjustable gauge equipment (variable gauge axles), in which the wheel gauge can be widened or narrowed.
- Transshipment; transferring goods or people from one set of railroad cars to another.
- Containerisation.
A transporter wagon, in railway terminology, is a wagon (UK) or railroad car (US) designed to carry other railway equipment. ...
A bogie is a wheeled wagon or trolley. ...
A railroad car (or, more briefly, car, not to be confused with railcar), also known as an item of rolling stock, is a vehicle on a railroad (or railway) that is not a locomotive — one that provides another purpose than purely haulage, although some types of car are powered. ...
There are two variable gauge axle systems, That of the Talgo Company, see [1] and click on Variable Gauge Axles (on the left). ...
Shipping containers at a terminal in Port Elizabeth, New Jersey. ...
Dual gauge dual voltage A mini-metro in Gijon, Spain is to be both dual gauge (1000 mm/1676 mm) and dual voltage (1500 V DC/3000 V DC). A rapid transit, underground, subway, tube, elevated, or metro(politan) system is a railway — usually in an urban area — with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic. ...
Capital Gijón Area - total - % of Asturias Ranked 22nd 181. ...
Direct current (DC or continuous current) is the continuous flow of electricity through a conductor such as a wire from high to low potential. ...
See also Double switch A railroad switch (known in British and Australian English as (a set of) points or, in technical usage, a turnout) is a mechanical installation provided at a point where rail track A divides into two tracks B and C. It can be set in either of two positions...
A railroad switch is a mechanical installation enabling trains to be guided from one set of rail tracks (or tramway tracks) to another. ...
// Asia History of rail transport in India Europe Denmark France Germany Great Britain Ireland Spain Sweden North America Canada United States Oceania Australia See also History of rail transport Categories: History of rail transport ...
The dominant rail gauge in each country shown Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. ...
Two rail welds in continuous welded rail in Wisconsin. ...
French 1912 drawing of typical elements of railways Railway tracks running through a railway station in North East England, UK A railway yard in Portland, Oregon. ...
This page provides an index of articles on Rail transport by country. ...
With railways, a break-of-gauge is where a line of one gauge meets a line of a different gauge. ...
There are two variable gauge axle systems, That of the Talgo Company, see [1] and click on Variable Gauge Axles (on the left). ...
The Ramsey Car Transfer Apparatus (Ramsey Transfer) was a device which permitted railroad cars to operate over different gauges of track by transferring railroad trucks on the cars. ...
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