Duane Tolbert Gish (born February 17, 1921) is an American biochemist who is one of the most prominent and outspoken members of the creationist movement.^[1] Gish was formerly vice-president of the Institute for Creation Research and the author of numerous publications on the subject of Creation science. A strong critic of Darwinian evolution and proponent for the teaching of creation science in schools, he has been peripatetic advocate, touring throughout the United States and other countries, to deliver lectures and participate in public debates with supporters of biological evolution. is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Creationism is a religious belief that humanity, life, the Earth, and the universe were created in their original form by a deity or deities (often the Abrahamic God of Judaism, Christianity and Islam), whose existence is presupposed. ... The Institute for Creation Research (ICR) is a biblical research institute based in Santee, California that focuses on constructing and teaching a Young Earth Creationist world-view. ... Creation science is the attempt to find scientific evidence that would justify a literal interpretation of the Biblical account of creation. ... This article is about biological evolution. ... The legal status of creation and evolution in public education is the subject of a great deal of debate in legal, political, and religious circles. ... This article is about biological evolution. ...

Biography

Gish, a twin, was born in White City, Kansas, the youngest of nine children. He received a B.S. degree from UCLA in 1949 and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1953. He worked as an Assistant Research Associate at Berkeley, and Assistant Professor at Cornell University Medical College performing biomedical and biochemical research for eighteen years, joining the Upjohn Company as a Research Associate in 1960.^[2] White City is a city located in Morris County, Kansas. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Binomial name Ucla xenogrammus Holleman, 1993 The largemouth triplefin, Ucla xenogrammus, is a fish of the family Tripterygiidae and only member of the genus Ucla, found in the Pacific Ocean from Viet Nam, the Philippines, Palau and the Caroline Islands to Papua New Guinea, Australia (including Christmas Island), and the... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Biochemistry (from Greek: , bios, life and Egyptian kēme, earth[1]) is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms. ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. ... The Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University (abbreviated to Weill Cornell) is the medical school and biomedical research unit of Cornell University. ... The Upjohn Company was a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 by Dr. William E. Upjohn in Kalamazoo, Michigan. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1971 Gish became a member of the faculty at San Diego Christian College working in their research division, before accepting a position at the Institute for Creation Research (independent since 1981). He is the author of several books and articles espousing the tenets of creationism. His best known work, Evolution: The Fossils Say No!, published in 1978, has been widely accepted by antievolutionists as an authoritative reference for creationist theory.^[2] San Diego Christian College (SDCC) (formerly called Christian Heritage College) is located in El Cajon, California. ... The Institute for Creation Research (ICR) is a biblical research institute based in Santee, California that focuses on constructing and teaching a Young Earth Creationist world-view. ... Creationism is a religious belief that humanity, life, the Earth, and the universe were created in their original form by a deity or deities (often the Abrahamic God of Judaism, Christianity and Islam), whose existence is presupposed. ...

Gish has been called "the T.H. Huxley of creationism" for the influence he holds spreading creationism and for his sometimes abrasive style with supporters of evolution.^[3] Gish has been a frequent debator with prominent scientists working in evolution, and is active promoting creationism through seminars and lectures. Gish currently holds the position of Senior Vice-President Emeritus at the IRC. Thomas Henry Huxley PC, FRS (4 May 1825 Ealing – 29 June 1895 Eastbourne, Sussex) was an English biologist, known as Darwins Bulldog for his advocacy of Charles Darwins theory of evolution. ...

Beliefs regarding creationism and evolution

First a practicing Methodist at age ten, and later becoming a fundamentalist in the Baptist church, Gish has long held that Biblical creation story was an historical fact.^[3] After reading Evolution: Science Falsely So-Called in the late 1950s, Gish became persuaded that science had produced falsifying evidence against biological evolutionary theory, and that various fields of science offered corroborating evidence in support of Biblical creation theory.^[4] He then joined the American Scientific Affiliation (ASA), an association of Christian scientists, mistakenly assuming the group to be aligned with creationism. Through his affiliation at the ASA, Gish met geneticist and creationist, William J. Tinkle, who in 1961 invited Gish to join his newly formed anti-evolution caucus within the ASA.^[3] The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Baptist is... This article is about the biblical text. ... This article is about the general scientific term. ...

Gish has extensively discussed his belief that chemical evolution fails to address the question of abiogenesis and the origins of life.^[5] Gish initially regarded the Earth's age as irrelevant to creationism, but later became convinced of a Young Earth, in line with other ICR members.^[3] Chemical evolution has two meanings and uses. ... This article focuses on the history of thought regarding abiogenesis (the spontaneous generation of life from non-living sources). ...

Debates

Gish uses a rapid-fire approach during a debate, presenting arguments and changing topics very quickly. The approach has been dubbed the "Gish Gallop" by Eugenie Scott and criticized for failing to answer objections raised by his opponents.^[6][7] Eugenie Scott. ...

Gish uses a standardized presentation during debates. While undertaking research for a debate with Gish, Michael Shermer noted that for several debates Gish's opening, assumptions about his opponent, slides and even jokes remained identical.^[8] In the debate itself, Shermer stated he was not an atheist and willing to accept the existence of a divine creator, but Gish's rebuttal concerned itself primarily with proving that Shermer was an atheist and therefore immoral.^[8] Michael Shermer Michael Shermer (born September 8, 1954 in Glendale, California) is a science writer, historian of science, founder of The Skeptics Society, and editor of its magazine Skeptic, which is largely devoted to investigating and debunking pseudoscientific and supernatural claims. ...

Massimo Pigliucci, who has debated Gish five times, noted that Gish ignores evidence contrary to his religious beliefs.^[9] Others have accused Gish of stonewalling arguments with fabricated facts or figures.^[10] Dr. Massimo Pigliucci received his doctorate in genetics at the University of Ferrara, Italy, and PhD in botany from the University of Connecticut. ...

During a debate with Ian Plimer, who considered it a political rather than scientific debate, Gish was verbally attacked and ridiculed for his beliefs in a manner observers described as 'street-fighting'. Gish described the debate as "the most disgusting performance I've ever witnessed in my life."^[3] Ian Plimer is an Australian geologist and author of a number of popular books. ...

Disputed claims made by Gish

Gish's arguments against evolution have been criticized by various members of the scientific community as being incorrect. Examples include: This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

• Claiming there are no fossil precursors to the dinosaur,Triceratops, a claim Gish has made since 1987.^[11] Examples of Triceratops precursors include 'Monoclonius and Protoceratops with changes in bony frill, size and number of horns predicted by the theory of evolution.^[11] Gish has made other, similar errors about the fossil record, including claims about transitional forms, the fossil record for birds and the status of the Archaeopteryx as a reptile or bird.^[11] Gish has rebutted this criticism,^[12] which were rebutted in turn.^[13]
• Claiming that Solly Zuckerman had access to modern knowledge of Australopithecus yet still stated they were not ancestors of Homo sapiens; Zuckerman's original conclusions were based on evidence available before Lucy was discovered, a fossil which revolutionized the field of physical anthropology.^[11]
• Claiming that Neanderthals were modern humans of 'fully human Homo sapiens just like you and me', which Richard Trott pointed out was false given the morphological difference between modern humans and Neanderthals.^[11]
• Claiming that evolution by natural selection is rendered impossible by the second law of thermodynamics.^[14] The overwhelming scientific consensus is that Gish's claim is false.^[15]

Gish appeared on Penn and Teller's Showtime television show Bullshit! in 2004, stating that creation and evolution were equally scientific, that both were in fact non-scientific, offering as proof his belief that the Grand Canyon was created by the rupture of a natural dam, cutting through layers deposited during the Biblical flood. In the same episode, Eugenie Scott noted that Gish had not kept up with the relevant literature and had done any professional research in his field since his work at Upjohn, instead producing only creationism-related work for a popular audience. Species (type) Marsh, 1890 Triceratops (IPA: ) was a herbivorous genus of ceratopsid dinosaur that lived during the late Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous Period, around 68 to 65 million years ago (mya) in what is now North America. ... Species See text. ... Protoceratops is a sheep-sized, herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. ... A transitional fossil or transitional form is the fossilized remains of a life form that illustrates an evolutionary transition. ... For other uses, see Bird (disambiguation). ... Species A. lithographica Meyer, 1861 (type) Synonyms See below Archaeopteryx (from Ancient Greek archaios meaning ancient and pteryx meaning feather or wing; pronounced Ar-kay-op-ter-iks ) is the earliest and most primitive known bird to date. ... Solly Zuckerman, Baron Zuckerman OM KCB FRS (May 30, 1904 - April 1, 1993) was a UK public servant, zoologist, and scientific advisor. ... For the song by Modest Mouse, see Sad Sappy Sucker. ... Lucy (also given a second (Amharic) name: ድንቅነሽ dinqineš, or “Dinkenesh,” meaning “You are beautiful” or you are wonderful[2]) is the common name of AL 288-1, the 40% complete Australopithecus afarensis skeleton discovered on November 24, 1974 by the International Afar Research Expedition (IARE; director: Maurice Taieb, co-directors... Physical anthropology, often called biological anthropology, studies the mechanisms of biological evolution, genetic inheritance, human adaptability and variation, primatology, primate morphology, and the fossil record of human evolution. ... For other uses, see Neanderthal (disambiguation). ... This article is about modern humans. ... The second law of thermodynamics is an expression of the universal law of increasing entropy. ... Scientific consensus is the collective judgment, position, and opinion of the community of scientists in a particular field of science at a particular time. ... Penn (left) & Teller Penn and Teller are a two-man magic and comedy team, comprised of Penn Jillette and Teller. ... Bullshit! (also known as Penn & Teller: Bullshit!) is an American, Emmy-nominated documentary television series, running since 2003 on the premium cable channel Showtime. ... This article is about the canyon in the southwestern United States. ... This article is about great floods. ... Eugenie Scott. ... The Upjohn Company was a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 by Dr. William E. Upjohn in Kalamazoo, Michigan. ...

Publications

• Bonnie Snellenberger; Gish, Duane T.; D Dish; Earl Snellenberger. The Amazing Story of Creation: From Science and the Bible. Green forest, AR: Master Books. ISBN 0-89051-120-9. 
• Hillestad, George M.; Morris, Henry; Gish, Duane T. (1974). Creation: acts, facts, impacts. [San Diego, Calif: ICR Pub. Co. ISBN 0-89051-020-2. 
• D. Gish. Creation Scientists Answer Their Critics. El Cajon, Calif: Institute for Creation Research. ISBN 0-932766-28-5. 
• Gish, Duane T.. Creationist Research 1964-1988. Creation Research Society. ISBN 094038406X. 
• Gish, Duane T.. Dinosaurs: Those Terrible Lizards. Green forest, AR: Master Books. ISBN 0-89051-039-3. 
• Gloria Clanin; Gish, Duane T.; Earl Snellenberger; Bonita Snellenberger. Dinosaurs by Design. Green forest, AR: Master Books. ISBN 0-89051-165-9. 
• Gish, Duane T. (1972). Evidence against evolution. Wheaton, Ill: Tyndale House Publishers. ISBN 0-8423-0790-7. 
• Gish, Duane T. (1979, 1986). Evolution, the fossils say no!. San Diego, Calif: Creation-Life Publishers. ISBN 0-89051-057-1. 
• Gish, Duane T. (1985). Evolution: the challenge of the fossil record. San Diego, Calif: Creation-Life Publishers. ISBN 0-89051-112-8. 
• Gish, Duane T.. Manipulating life, where does it stop?: Genetic engineering. Green forest, AR: Master Books. ISBN 0890510717. 
• Gish, Duane T.. Speculations and Experiments on the Origins of Life. New Leaf Pr. ISBN 0-89051-010-5. 
• Gish, Duane T.. Teaching Creation Science in Public Schools. El Cajon, Calif: Institute for Creation Research. ISBN 0932766366. 
• Rohrer, Donald H.; Gish, Duane T. (1978). Up with creation!: ICR acts/facts/impacts, 1976-1977. San Diego, Calif: Creation-Life Publishers. ISBN 0-89051-048-2. 

Footnotes

Ronald Numbers Ronald L. Numbers (born 1942) is an American historian of science who received his Ph. ... The Institute for Creation Research (ICR) is a biblical research institute based in Santee, California that focuses on constructing and teaching a Young Earth Creationist world-view. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Eugenie Scott. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The TalkOrigins Archive is a website that presents mainstream science perspectives on the antievolution claims of young-earth, old-earth, and intelligent design creationists. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Eugenie Scott. ... The NCSEs logo The National Center for Science Education (NCSE) is a non-profit organization affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Michael Shermer Michael Shermer (born September 8, 1954 in Glendale, California) is a science writer, historian of science, founder of The Skeptics Society, and editor of its magazine Skeptic, which is largely devoted to investigating and debunking pseudoscientific and supernatural claims. ... Dr. Massimo Pigliucci received his doctorate in genetics at the University of Ferrara, Italy, and PhD in botany from the University of Connecticut. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The TalkOrigins Archive is a website that presents mainstream science perspectives on the antievolution claims of young-earth, old-earth, and intelligent design creationists. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The TalkOrigins Archive is a website that presents mainstream science perspectives on the antievolution claims of young-earth, old-earth, and intelligent design creationists. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The TalkOrigins Archive is a website that presents mainstream science perspectives on the antievolution claims of young-earth, old-earth, and intelligent design creationists. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Duane Gish

• Brief biography of Duane Gish
• The Saladin-Gish II Debate (1988)
• Gish's errors in 'scientific' creationism