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For other uses, see Austria (disambiguation).

The Archduchy of Austria (German: Erzherzogtum Österreich) was one of the most important states within Holy Roman Empire, the center of the Habsburg Monarchy, the predecessor of the Austrian Empire. Over nearly 700 years, it evolved from a margravate to the center of an empire. The archduchy, with its capital at Vienna, was centered in the area current Austrian federal state of Lower Austria and included most of what is now Upper Austria as well. Image File history File links Wiki_letter_w. ... This is the history of Austria. ... Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, the Babenbergs or Babenberger ruled Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976 - 1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy The Crown of the Austrian Emperor For the history of these states before 1804, see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... In Austrian history, the First Republic refers to the period after World War I, following the breakdown of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, up to World War II. This period was marked by violent strife between the left and the right, e. ... Supporters of the Austrian Christian Social Party in 1934 Austrofascism is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in Austria between 1934 and 1938. ... German troops march into Austria on 12 March 1938. ... The Second Austrian Republic was founded in 1945 with the re-establishment of Austrian independence in the aftermath of World War II. The First Republic is considered to have come to an end either in 1938, with Germanys annexation of the country (the Anschluss), or with the establishment of... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy The Crown of the Austrian Emperor For the history of these states before 1804, see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. ... Graf is a German noble title equal in rank to a count or an earl. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Vienna (German: Wien ; Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: Beč, Czech: Vídeň, Hungarian: Bécs, Greek: Βιέννη, Romanian: Viena, Romani: Bech or Vidnya, Russian: Вена, Slovak: Viedeň, Slovenian: Dunaj, Dutch: Wenen) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Since Austria is a federal republic according to the constitutional framework of Austrian politics, Austrias nine provinces are customarily referred to as States of Austria or Bundesländer, singular Bundesland. ... Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: Niederösterreich) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ...

Marchia Orientalis and the Babenberger Margravate of Austria

Main articles: Ostarrîchi, Babenberg

In Carolingian times and during the early Middle Ages, the core of territory that would become the Archduchy of Austria was known as Marchia orientalis or the "Eastern March". Ethnic German migrants displaced earlier Slavic populations in the 9th and 10th centuries and, after the Battle of Lechfeld in AD 955, the area became one of the marches of the Holy Roman Empire and was given a margrave around 960. From AD 976, the territory was ruled by the Babenberg dynasty and it came to be known as Ostarrîchi ("Eastern Realm"), the linguistic ancestor of the German name for Austria, Österreich. Document in which ostarrichi was first mentioned 996 (red circle) Ostarrîchi is an Old High German name found to the famous Ostarrîchi document of 996, where it refers to the Margraviate ruled by the Babenberg Count Henry I located mostly in what is today Lower Austria. ... Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, the Babenbergs or Babenberger ruled Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976 - 1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg. ... Also see: France in the Middle Ages. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Mark or march (or various plural forms of these words) are derived from the Frankish word marka (boundary) and refer to an area along a border, e. ... Ethnic Germans—usually simply called Germans, in German Volksdeutsche, or (less exactly but also less tainted by Nazism) Auslandsdeutsche (lit. ... Slav may refer to: Slavic peoples, people who indigenously reside in Central Europe, Eastern Europe, the Balkans, and many have later settled in Northern Asia Slav (settlement), an Israeli settlement in the Gaza Strip This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Combatants Holy Roman Empire Magyars Commanders Otto the Great harka Bulcsú; chieftains Lél and Súr Strength 10,000 heavy cavalry 50,000 light cavalry Casualties about 3,500 about 30,000 fell in the battle about 5,000 killed by local farmers maybe 5,000 fleeing Magyars killed... Dionysius Exiguus invented Anno Domini years to date Easter. ... Margrave is the English and French form (recorded since 1551) of the German title Markgraf (from Mark march and Graf count) and certain equivalent nobiliary (princely) titles in other languages. ... Dionysius Exiguus invented Anno Domini years to date Easter. ... Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, the Babenbergs or Babenberger ruled Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976 - 1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg. ... // For other uses, see Dynasty (disambiguation). ... Document in which ostarrichi was first mentioned 996 (red circle) Ostarrîchi is an Old High German name found to the famous Ostarrîchi document of 996, where it refers to the Margraviate ruled by the Babenberg Count Henry I located mostly in what is today Lower Austria. ...

Duchy of Austria

In 1156 the margravate was raised to the Duchy of Austria through the Privilegium Minus issued by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. In 1278, Rudolph I defeated Ottokar II of Bohemia and secured the duchy for the Habsburg dynasty. The Privilegium Minus (as opposed to the later Privilegium Maius, which was a forgery), is a document issued by Emperor Frederick I on September 17, 1156. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Frederick Barbarossa in a 13th century Chronicle. ... The brass of the tomb of Rudolph I in Speyer Rudolph I (Rudolph of Habsburg) (May 1, 1218 – July 15, 1291) was a German king, who played a vital role in raising the Habsburg family to a leading position among the royal dynasties of Germany. ...

Archduchy of Austria

The Archduchy of Austria in 1477

In 1359, the forged Privilegium Maius was used by Duke Rudolf IV to elevate the status of the duchy to archduchy but the action was not recognized by the Holy Roman Empire. Ernest was the first to use the title of archduke but the archduchy was only formally recognized in 1453 when the Habsburgs gained control of the office of Holy Roman Emperor under Frederick III. Austria was the only state ever to be designated an archduchy and, from the 16th century, members of the House of Habsburg held the title of archduke or archduchess similar to "princes or princesses of the blood" in other European royal houses. From 1512, the archduchy was also the center of an Imperial Circle of Holy Roman Empire, the Austrian Circle, which was of comprised most of the Habsburg hereditary lands. Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ... The Privilegium Maius was a document forged at the behest of Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (1358-1365), which was essentially a modified version of the Privilegium Minus of 1156, which had elevated Austria to a Duchy. ... Duke is a title of nobility which refers to the sovereign male ruler of a Continental European duchy, to a nobleman of the highest grade of the British peerage, or to the highest rank of nobility in various other European countries, including Portugal, Spain and France (in Italy, principe is... Rudolf IV of Austria. ... Look up Archduke in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Detail of Aeneas Piccolomini Introduces Eleonora of Portugal to Frederick III by Pinturicchio (1454-1513) Frederick III of Habsburg (Innsbruck, September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. ... The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... A map of the Imperial Circles as at the beginning of the 16th century. ... The Austrian Circle (in German, Österreichischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire. ...

Habsburg Empire

In 1804, Emperor Francis II promoted his territory within the Holy Roman Empire from archduchy to empire in reaction to Napoleon I's proclamation of the French Empire in 1804 and he formally dissolved the defunct the Holy Roman Empire two years later. The Archduchy of Austria continued to exist as a constituent crown land (Kronland) within the empire although it was divided into Upper and Lower Austria for some purposes. The title of archduke continued to be used by members of the imperial family and the archduchy was only formally dissolved in 1918 with collapse of Austria-Hungary and the creation of the separate federal states of Lower and Upper Austria in the new Republic of German Austria. See the appropriate page for Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire François II of France Francis II of the Two Sicilies This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ... Crown land is a designated land belonging to the Crown, the equivalent of an entailed estate that passed with the monarchy and could not be alienated from it. ... Lanškroun is a town and municipality in the Czech Republic, on the border between former provinces of Bohemia and Moravia. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Since Austria is a federal republic according to the constitutional framework of Austrian politics, Austrias nine provinces are customarily referred to as States of Austria or Bundesländer, singular Bundesland. ... Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: Niederösterreich) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ...

See also

• History of Austria
• Habsburg Monarchy
• Babenberg